Those who enjoy music are happy, and human feelings are inevitable.
Music must produce sounds, shaped by movement and stillness, which is the way of humanity. The movement and stillness of the voice, the changes in sexual skills, are all here. Therefore, people cannot be without happiness, and happiness cannot be invisible. Shape but not Tao cannot be without chaos. The former kings hated the chaos, so they adapted the sounds of "Ya" and "Song" to Dao, making the sound enough to be enjoyable but not flowing, the writing to be precise but not restful, the music to be straight, complex and simple, and the rhythm to be moving. People's kindness is nothing more than a person's good intentions. Keeping them from letting evil spirits take hold was the method used by the ancient kings to establish happiness②.
This is why the music is enjoyed in the ancestral temple. When the emperor and his ministers listen to it together, they will all be respectful. In the clan leader's village, if the elders and the younger listen to his instructions, everyone will be docile. Within the boudoir, if fathers, sons, and brothers listen to it together, they will all be reconciled. Therefore, those who play music should judge the unity to determine the harmony, compare objects to decorate the knots, and combine the rhythms to form a text. Therefore, harmonizing fathers, sons, monarchs, and ministers, and being close to all peoples is the way for the ancient kings to establish music.
Therefore, listening to his "Ya" and "Song" sounds, my aspirations will be broad. Holding his relatives, being accustomed to look down on him and writing letters, his appearance will be solemn. Follow the signs ③ and follow the rhythm. The queues should be straight and the advance and retreat should be in order.
Therefore, the joy of heaven and earth is the harmony, the discipline of neutrality, human feelings are inevitable.
(Excerpt from "Historical Records·Music Book No. 2")
[Note] ①Lianrou: The low, short and mellow sound of the music. ②Fang: Principle. ③Zhuzhao: refers to the position of the dancers in ancient music and dance.
1． "Historical Records", "", "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" and "Three Kingdoms" are collectively called the "First Four Histories".
2． This article believes that the external manifestations of music are and .
3． Which of the following statements does not conform to the meaning of the text?
A. Music arises from the natural outpouring of emotion.
B. People's emotional changes can be expressed through music.
C. Music should be enough to make people happy, but not a mere formality.
D. The rhythm of music can make the dancers move neatly and advance and retreat in an orderly manner.
4. The author believes that "happiness" can bring "harmony".
"Harmony" is specifically reflected in
(1)
(2)
(3)
5. The ruling class attempts to establish "Ya" and "Song" as models of music (poetry). Tell us about your understanding of this issue