These sixteen sentences can be regarded as the second paragraph, from "why do officials get angry when they shout" to "it is better to prepare for cooking in the morning" "History is called a what anger! Why do women cry! " In two sentences, the sharp contradiction between "official" and "female" is summarized extremely incisively and vividly, and written vividly. A "shout", a "cry", an "anger" and a "bitterness" form a strong contrast; The two adverbials "Yihe" add more emotional color, effectively rendering the savage momentum of the county official like a wolf, and creating an atmosphere of grief and indignation for the old woman's complaint below. The two sides of the contradiction have a master-slave and causal relationship. "Why do women cry" is forced by "why do officials cry and get angry". Below, the poet no longer writes "official call", but writes "women cry" and "official call" to see himself. "Listen to your wife first" is a link between the preceding and the following. That "listening" is the poet's "listening" and that "delivering a speech" is the old woman's "bitter cry" in response to the county magistrate's "angry cry". Thirteen poems written with the theme of "delivering a speech" have changed their rhymes many times, with obvious turning points, suggesting that county officials "shouted angrily" and pressed the topic many times. When reading these thirteen poems, don't think that the "old woman" said them all at once, while the county officials are all ears. In fact, "Why are officials angry?" Why do women cry? "Not only at the beginning of the activity, but also until the end of the activity. It is the first turning point from "three people guarding Yecheng" to "the dead are gone". As you can imagine, this is the first time that county officials have forced questions and complaints. Before this, the poet once wrote about the county officials catching tigers and arresting people with the phrase "officials catch people at night". When the old woman went out to see it, she jumped in. The thief looked everywhere, but couldn't find a man. She closed her eyes. Then he shouted, "Where are all the men in your family? Hand it over! The old woman sobbed and said, "All three sons are soldiers guarding Yecheng. One son just wrote that the other two sons are dead! ..... "Tears, I'm afraid the county officials don't believe me, and I have to take out letters to show them. In short, "the living drag out an ignoble existence, and the dead are long gone!" "The situation is sympathetic enough. She hopes to win the sympathy of county officials and be lenient. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate was angry again: "Is there no one else in your family? Hand it over! " She had to complain about this: "There is no one in the room, only the nursing children." These two sentences may not be said at once, because there is an obvious contradiction between "no one" and the following answer. The reasonable explanation is: the old woman said first: "There is no one at home!" " "At this time, the little grandson hiding somewhere in his daughter-in-law's arms was scared to cry by the roar, but it didn't help to cover his mouth. So the county magistrate seized the handle and threatened: "How dare you lie! Isn't there a child crying? " The old woman had no choice but to say, "There is only one grandson! Still eating milk, very small! " "Who eats milk? There must be a mother! Don't hand her over! " What the old lady was worried about finally happened! She had to bite the bullet and explain: "The grandson had a mother, and her husband died in Yecheng, and he didn't remarry because he had to nurse. Pity her rags, how can she meet people! Do me a favor! " ("Grandma didn't go, the skirt didn't end", and some notebooks read "Grandma is not easy to get out, and the official didn't end the skirt", which shows that the county official wants her to come out. ) but the county collectors still refused to stop. The old lady was afraid that her widowed daughter-in-law would be caught and starve her grandson, so she had to come forward: "Although the old lady is weak, please come back at night. I'm in a hurry to wait in the river, and I have to prepare breakfast. " The old woman's "speech" ended here, indicating that the county official reluctantly agreed and stopped "roaring".
Although there are only four sentences in the last paragraph, it takes care of the beginning, involves all the characters, and writes the ending of the event and the author's feelings. "The night is silent, like crying and choking." Explain that the old woman has been taken away and the daughter-in-law is crying in a low voice. The word "night is long" reflects the long process of the old woman crying repeatedly and the county officials bullying in every way. On the one hand, the word "Ruwen" shows that the daughter-in-law was sobbing because her husband was killed and her mother-in-law was "caught", on the other hand, it also shows that the poet listened attentively and couldn't sleep all night. "Tomorrow is a sunny day, and I will be alone with the old man" is the whole article, which contains infinite affection in the narrative. Imagine that the old man and the old woman were greeted when they checked into the hotel last night, but after one night, the old woman was arrested and the daughter-in-law was sobbing, so she had to say goodbye to the old man who had escaped. What is the mood of the old man? How does a poet feel? It leaves readers with room for imagination.
Qiu said in Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling Collection: "The ancients had brothers, and only one person was sent to join the army. Today, all the able-bodied men have been driven away. They are old and weak. There is a cloud in the poem: three people guard, two people die, Sun Fangru, daughter-in-law has no skirt, Weng climbs over the wall, and women walk at night. In a family, father and son, brothers, grandparents and granddaughters are so cruel, which makes people miserable! At that time, Tang Zuo was also in danger! " That is to say, "the people are the foundation of the country". If the people are made like this, the throne of the ruler will be in jeopardy. In the face of all this, the poet Du Fu did not beautify the reality, but truthfully exposed the political darkness and issued a cry of "arresting people at night", which deserves high praise.
In artistic expression, the most outstanding point of this poem is refined. Lu Shiyong praised: "How long! What a simple statement! " That's what I said. The whole sentence narrative, no lyric words, no argument words; But in fact, the author skillfully expressed his feelings through narration and made comments, with clear love and hate and clear tendency. The combination of praise and criticism in narrative not only saves a lot of pen and ink, but also has no sense of concept. The poem also uses the expression of Tibetan questions and answers. "Collectors call what anger! Why do women cry! " After summing up the two sides of the contradiction, I concentrated on writing "woman" instead of "official", but the violence and violence of "official" were hidden in the old woman's speech and the turning point of the event. Poets are also good at tailoring, and there are endless meanings in the narrative. The first sentence was about staying overnight, and immediately turned to the theme of "arresting people at the night of being an official". For another example, it only wrote "the old man climbed over the wall and walked", but did not write when he would come back; Only wrote "I am sobbing", not who is crying; Only write the old lady's "official night please return", not whether she was taken away; However, the narrative and lyrical "farewell to the old man" begins and ends with care, telling readers that the old man has returned home and the old woman has been taken away; Then, the young widow who was afraid to make any noise with tears in her eyes was naturally nursing her child. It is precisely because the poet's pen and ink are concise and refined that the whole poem 120 words reflect the contradictions and conflicts in life with amazing breadth and depth, which is very valuable.