The first layer, from "the emperor of China, lust is enough to shake the beauty of an empire" to "the emperor's eyes can't stare at her enough", describes how Tang Xuanzong emphasized color and sought color before the Anshi Rebellion, and finally got Yang Guifei, "If she just turned to smile, she would have a hundred spells." After the imperial concubine entered the palace, she was arrogant and extravagant. She not only "inherited her kindness", but also "listed all her sisters and brothers in the soil". After repeatedly rendering the imperial concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, she was completely addicted to singing, dancing and drinking. The first sentence of the book not only implies the tragic factor of the story, but also plays a role in arousing and guiding the whole poem.
The second layer, from "until the war drum, from the boom of Yuyang, the earth shook" to "when he turned to look later, it was a land of blood and tears", describing the Anshi rebellion, Xuanzong's escape, being forced to give the imperial concubine the death penalty, and writing the "Song of Eternal Sorrow" is the basis of the tragic story. The poet deliberately played down the Anshi chaos caused by Xuanzong's extravagance and wrong country, and deliberately described where they would go. Readers are infected by the tragic atmosphere, rather than rational criticism of history.
The third layer, from "hiding in the yellow dust blown by a cold wind" to "not dreaming", describes the loneliness and sadness in Shu after Yang Guifei's death, which is a kind of "sad color" and "heartbroken sound". When Chang 'an returned to Korea after the recovery, that depression was more important than Ma Wei and that memory. Where is her white face? . After returning to the palace, Chi Yuan is still the same. Things have changed, and the lingering lovesickness makes people sad.
The fourth layer, from "there is a Taoist who lives in Lingqiong" to "this worry is endless", describes that Xuanzong sent alchemists to find the soul of Yang Guifei, focusing on his loneliness and sad memories of his past love life. The poet used romantic methods to go from heaven to earth, and finally let the imperial concubine reappear the fairyland on the illusory fairy mountain with the image of "tears running down her sad white face like spring rain hitting pear flowers". The catharsis of "emotion" has gone beyond the emotional entanglement between emperors and concubines, and is more of a poet's subjective ideal element, which has already gone beyond the scope of historical facts, showing the contradiction and conflict between subjective desire and objective reality.
Theme: One is the theme of love. It is a love poem praising Li Yang. And affirm their sincerity and persistence in love; Secondly, the political theme, the focus of the poem lies in allegory, which exposes the "endless hatred" inevitably brought by "the emperor of China, whose lust may shake the beauty of an empire", and condemns the debauchery of Emperor Tang Ming, which led to the Anshi Rebellion, so as to admonish the later monarchs.
The whole poem vividly describes the love tragedy between Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. The poet created touching stories with historical figures and legends, and reproduced the truth of real life through artistic images.
Extended data
Song of Eternal Sorrow is a famous masterpiece in Bai Juyi's poems. Written in the first year of Yuanhe (806), the poet served as county magistrate in yi county (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi). He visited Xianyou Temple with his friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu, and wrote this poem because of the story of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei.
In this narrative poem, the author narrates the love tragedy of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Anshi Rebellion with refined language, beautiful images, narration and lyricism: their love was destroyed by their own rebellion, and they were endlessly eating the bitter fruit of this spirit. Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei are both historical figures. Poets do not stick to history, but rely on a little shadow of history. According to the legend of the people at that time, the singing of the neighborhood has degenerated into a tortuous and touching story, which is described and sung in a reciprocating and touching art form.
In narrating stories and portraying characters, the poet adopted the expressive techniques that China's traditional poems are good at, and harmoniously combined narrative, scenery description and lyricism, forming the characteristic of poetry's lyricism. Poets sometimes inject the thoughts and feelings of the characters into the scenery, and use the refraction of the scenery to contrast the mood of the characters; Sometimes we grasp the distinctive scenery and things around the characters, express their inner feelings through their feelings, and render them layer by layer, appropriately expressing the unspeakable feelings hidden in the hearts of the characters.