Su Xun (1009-1066), named Mingyun, Han nationality, came from Meishan, Meizhou (now a native of Meishan, Sichuan). The Northern Song Dynasty writer, together with his sons Su Shi and Su Che, is collectively known as the "Three Sus", and they are all included in the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Xun was good at prose, especially political commentary. His arguments were clear and clear, and his writing style was vigorous. His "Jiayou Collection" has been handed down to the world. Su Xun's life
Chronology of major events
His father was Su Xu and his mother was Shi. They had two elder brothers, Su Dan and Su Huan. Su Xun had difficulty studying when he was young. When he was 19 years old, he married his wife Cheng. When he was 27 years old, he made up his mind to study hard. After more than ten years of hard study, he made great progress in his studies.
In the first year of Renzong Jiayou's reign (1056), he led Su Shi and Su Che to Bianjing to pay a visit to Ouyang Xiu, a scholar of the Imperial Academy. Ouyang Xiu admired his "Book of Quan", "Lun of Heng", "Several Strategies" and other articles, and thought they were comparable to those of Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and officials rushed to recite it, and its reputation became very popular.
In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), the two sons passed the examination in the same examination, causing a sensation in the capital.
In the third year of Jiayou's reign (1058), Renzong summoned him to take an examination in Sherenyuan.
In the fifth year of Jiayou's reign (1060), he was recommended by Han Qi to serve as Secretary and Provincial School Secretary, and later became the chief registrar of Wen'an County in Bazhou. He was also appointed to serve as the county magistrate of Chenzhou Xiangcheng (now part of Henan). Fellow practitioner Yao Pi wrote one hundred volumes of "Taichang Yin Ge Li". Shortly after the book was completed, he died and was given posthumously to the Prime Minister of Guanglu Temple. Introduction
Su Xun (May 22, 1009 to May 21, 1066), courtesy name Mingyun, was a native of Meishan, Sichuan. He was born on April 25, the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu, Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty (May 22, 1009), and died in Wushen, April 21, the third year of Zhiping Emperor Yingzong (May 21, 1066), at the age of fifty-eight. At the age of twenty-seven, he began to study hard. At the age of ten, he was promoted to Jinshi, and he was also promoted to have outstanding talents and outstanding talents, but they all failed. Naixi Fen wrote the article. He closed his door and studied more, and then he understood the Six Classics and hundreds of schools of thought. He wrote thousands of words in an instant. Between Zhihe and Jiayou, he went to the capital with his second son Shi and Zhe. Ouyang Xiu published twenty-two chapters of his works such as "Heng Lun" and "Quan Shu", and the scholar-bureaucrats competed to pass them on. Prime Minister Han Qi reported to the court, except for the secretary and provincial school secretary. Together with Yao Pi, the commander of Xiangcheng City in Chenzhou, he compiled the Longli Book of Rites, which is one hundred volumes of "Taichang Yinge Rites". The book is completed and died. Xun wrote twenty volumes of "Jiayou Collection" and three volumes of "Posthumous Methods", both of which have been handed down to the world in the "Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty". Memorial facilities
Cemetery
Su Xun’s tomb, also known as Su Fenshan, is located in the west of Gongyi Village, Tutu Township, Dongpo District, Meishan City, Sichuan. It is the cemetery of Su Xun, his wife Cheng, and Su Shi's first wife Wang Fu. It was first built in the Song Dynasty and underwent major repairs during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu's "Su Xun's Epitaph" contains "Su Jun, whose name is Xun, whose courtesy name is Ming Yun... was buried in Kelongli, Anzhen Township, Pengshan." As early as the second year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1057), Su Xun buried his deceased wife Cheng. , the cemetery was found on the side of the "Old Man's Well" in Kelongli, Northeast An Town Township, Wuyang County (belonging to Meizhou), only ten steps away from the "Old Man's Well". In the second year of Emperor Yingzong's reign (1065), Su Shi's ex-wife Wang Fu died of illness in the capital, and in 1066 Su Xun also died of illness in the capital. Su Shi and Su Che returned the coffin to Shu, and buried Su Xun and Wang Fu here. Su Shi's "Epitaph of the Dead Wife" contains: "(Wang Fu) was buried eight steps northwest of the tomb of the late king and his late wife." In addition to being a model for fathers in the world in terms of parenting education, Su Xun was also a self-taught person. It is also a role model for future generations. "Su Laoquan, at twenty-seven, began to work hard and read books." This is the description of Su Xun in the "Three Character Classic". Su Xun was lucky and created the miracle of China's first literati family. Achievements
Literary achievements
Su Xun is a person with political ambitions. He said that the main purpose of his composition was to "express what is important in the world today" and to "give it to the present."
Zeng Gong said that Su Xun was "quite fond of talking about military affairs." Su Xun also emphasized strategic and tactical principles such as fighting a decisive battle quickly, winning by surprise, avoiding the real and attacking the weak, using the strong to attack the weak, and making good use of surprise and suspicious troops. Su Xun's lyrical prose is not many, but there are also excellent chapters. In "Sending Shi Changyan's Envoy to Beiyin", he hoped that his friend Shi Changyan, who was on an envoy to Khitan, would not be afraid of the enemy, despise the enemy, and write with great momentum.
Su Xun's prose has clear arguments, powerful arguments, sharp language, unbridled and eloquent persuasion. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "eloquent and magnificent arguments", "up and down, up and down, in and out, he must create something profound and then stop" ("Epitaph of Su Jun, the Chief Secretary of Wen'an County, Bazhou"); Zeng Gong also commented that his articles "point to things" "Analysis of principles, introduction of metaphors", "Annoyance can not cause chaos, wantonness can not flow" ("Su Mingyun's Lament"), these statements are relatively pertinent. The artistic style is mainly majestic and full of changes. Some articles are known for their twists and turns. In "Shangtian Privy Book", Su Xun also commented that his writing has "the excellence and softness of a poet, the purity and profundity of a poet, the gentleness and simplicity of Meng and Han, the majesty of Qian and Gu, and the simplicity and simplicity of Sun and Wu." The language of his articles is simple and concise, concise and meaningful; but sometimes he can elaborate and compare, and he is especially good at making vivid metaphors. For example, "Brother Zhong Zi Wenfu Shuo" uses the interaction of Feng Shui to describe a natural description, that is, An example.
Su Xun’s essays are also insightful. Su Xun advocated the study of ancient Chinese prose and opposed the flamboyant and weird prose of the times; he advocated that articles should be "written with purpose" and "words must reflect the faults of the times"; he emphasized that articles should "get my heart" and write "what is in my heart".
He also discussed the different writing methods and different requirements of different literary styles. He is particularly good at evaluating the style and artistic features of each prose writer through comparison of works.
Su Xun did not write many poems, but he was good at writing about the Five Ancients, which was simple and vigorous. Ye Mengde, a native of the Song Dynasty, commented that his poems are "profound and interesting, and his words are not in vain, just like his prose" ("Shilin Poetry Talk"). His "Ouyang Yongshu White Rabbit", "Recalling the Mountain to Send People Off", "Yan Shu", "Reply to the Second Ren", "Two Poems for Farewell to Wu Daizhi and Familiarizing Tanzhou", etc. are all excellent works, but their overall achievements are far inferior to those of prose.
Su Xun’s works were popular in many editions during the Song Dynasty. Most of the original editions have been lost. Today there are fragments of the Northern Song Dynasty publication: "Leibian Zengguang Lao Su's Collected Works". The popular editions include "Jiayou Collection", "15 volumes", and "Four Bu Series" shadow Song Dynasty banknote editions.
Contributions to genealogy
Su Xun made great contributions to the field of genealogy. He created one of the modern methods of genealogy revision, the Su Family Genealogy, which had a huge influence and is still used by many people today. Examples of genealogy revision for places and surnames. Its body is arranged in parallel, the order of generations is presented directly, and the lineage of ancestors is recorded in the form of a table. Under the name of the person in the table, note his or her official position, whereabouts, spouse, death and burial, age of death, and write down the descendants in order, indicating the seniority of each generation. Its genealogy is represented by the five generations, and the clan system is used as the principle. It is detailed in the near and slightly distant, respects the near and derogates the distant. It advocates harmony with the clan, compassion for the clan, and customs. It is characterized by its large length and rich recorded content. Su's genealogy, together with another genealogy created by Ouyang Xiu, is known as "Ou Su's genealogy" by the world.
Su Xun's poems and essays: The six kingdoms were destroyed, and the only disadvantage was the military. The war was not good, and the disadvantage was bribing Qin. Bribing Qin and losing its strength is the way to destruction. Or say: The six countries lost each other and took Qin Ye to bribe him? Said: Those who don't bribe will lose with bribes. They will lose strong support and cannot finish alone. Therefore, it is said: The disadvantage lies in bribing Qin. In addition to Qin's attack, if the small one wins, it will win the town, and if the big one wins, it will win the city. Compared with Qin's gains, those who won from victory were actually a hundred times as much as those who won from victory; the deaths of princes were actually a hundred times as much as those who lost in defeat. Then the great desires of Qin and the great troubles of the princes are not in war. Si Jue's ancestor, exposed to the frost and dew, cut down the thorns to have a sizeable land. The descendants do not cherish it and give it to others, just like discarding grass and mustard. Cut five cities today, cut ten cities tomorrow, and then have to sleep well overnight. He started to look around the surrounding areas, and the Qin soldiers arrived again. However, the land of the princes is limited, and the desire to tyrannize the Qin is insatiable. As the envoys become more numerous, the invasion becomes more urgent. Therefore, the victory between the strong and the weak has been determined without fighting. As for subversion, that's natural. The ancients said: "The Qin is a matter of land, just like holding firewood to put out a fire. If the firewood is not exhausted, the fire will never be extinguished." This is true. The people of Qi did not try to bribe Qin, but after the five kingdoms were finally removed and destroyed, why? It is to win but not to help the five countries. The five countries were in mourning, and Qi was also in mourning. The rulers of Yan and Zhao had long-term strategies, were able to defend their land, and would not bribe Qin with justice. Therefore, although Yan was a small country and then perished, this was due to the effectiveness of its military. Zhi Dan took Jing Qing as a plan and soon caused disaster. Zhao Chang fought against Qin five times, losing two and winning three. Later Qin attacked Zhao again, but Li Mulian resisted. Jie Mu was punished for slander, and Handan was made a county. It was a pity that he used force but did not end. Moreover, when the Qin Revolution at Yanzhao was completely destroyed, it could be said that their intelligence was lonely and they were defeated and perished. They had no choice but to do so. The Three Kingdoms each love their own land, Qi people should not be attached to Qin, assassins can not do it, but good generals are still there, then the number of winners and losers, and the principles of survival, should be compared with Qin, or it may not be easy to measure. Alas! By bribing the land of Qin, making the world's advisers, serving Qin's heart, paying tribute to the world's talents, and striving to the west, I fear that the people of Qin will not be able to swallow its food. Sad husband! With such a trend, it was robbed by the Qin people's accumulated prestige. The sun and the moon cut off, and they tended to perish. Those who serve the country without envoys will be robbed by those who accumulate prestige! The Six Kingdoms and Qin are both vassals, and their power is weaker than that of Qin, but they still have the power to win without bribery. Gou thinks that the world is so big, but the story of the ruin from the Six Kingdoms is that it is under the Six Kingdoms again. ——Su Xun of the Song Dynasty, "Theory of the Six Kingdoms"
The Theory of the Six Kingdoms
Song Dynasty: Su Xun
The six kingdoms were destroyed, not only the soldiers were disadvantageous, but the battle was not good, The disadvantage lies in bribing Qin. Bribing Qin and losing its strength is the way to destruction. Or say: The six countries lost each other and took Qin Ye to bribe him? Said: Those who don't bribe will lose with bribes. They will lose strong support and cannot finish alone. Therefore, it is said: The disadvantage lies in bribing Qin.
In addition to attacking Qin, if it is a small one, it will win a town, and if it is a large one, it will win a city. Compared with Qin's gains, those who won from victory were actually a hundred times as much as those who won from victory; the deaths of princes were actually a hundred times as much as those who lost in defeat. Then Qin's great desire
The six kingdoms were destroyed, not only because of the disadvantages of the army, but also because of the bad war, and the disadvantage was in bribing Qin. Bribing Qin and losing its strength is the way to destruction. Or say: The six countries lost each other and took Qin Ye to bribe him? Said: Those who don't bribe will lose with bribes. They will lose strong support and cannot finish alone. Therefore, it is said: The disadvantage lies in bribing Qin.
In addition to attacking Qin, if it is a small one, it will win a town, and if it is a large one, it will win a city. Compared with Qin's gains, those who won from victory were actually a hundred times as much as those who won from victory; the deaths of princes were actually a hundred times as much as those who lost in defeat. Then the great desires of Qin and the great troubles of the princes are not in war. Si Jue's ancestor, exposed to the frost and dew, cut down the thorns to have a sizeable land. The descendants do not cherish it and give it to others, just like discarding grass and mustard. Cut five cities today, cut ten cities tomorrow, and then have to sleep well overnight. He started to look around the surrounding areas, and the Qin soldiers arrived again. However, the land of the princes is limited, and the desire to tyrannize the Qin is insatiable. As the envoys become more numerous, the invasion becomes more urgent. Therefore, the victory between the strong and the weak has been determined without fighting. As for subversion, that's natural. The ancients said: "The Qin is a matter of land, just like holding firewood to put out a fire. If the firewood is not exhausted, the fire will never be extinguished." This is true.
The people of Qi did not try to bribe Qin, but after the five kingdoms were finally removed and destroyed, why? It is to win but not to help the five countries. The five countries were in mourning, and Qi was also in mourning. The rulers of Yan and Zhao had long-term strategies, were able to defend their land, and would not bribe Qin with justice. Therefore, although Yan was a small country and then perished, this was due to the effectiveness of its military. Zhi Dan took Jing Qing as a plan and soon caused disaster. Zhao Chang fought against Qin five times, losing two and winning three. Later Qin attacked Zhao again, but Li Mulian resisted. Jie Mu was punished for slander, and Handan was made a county. It was a pity that he used force but did not end.
Moreover, when the Qin Revolution at Yanzhao was completely destroyed, it could be said that their intelligence was lonely and they were defeated and perished. They had no choice but to do so. The Three Kingdoms each love their own land, Qi people should not be attached to Qin, assassins can not do it, but good generals are still there, then the number of winners and losers, and the principles of survival, should be compared with Qin, or it may not be easy to measure.
Woohoo! By bribing the land of Qin, making the world's advisers, serving Qin's heart, paying homage to the world's talents, and striving to the west, I fear that the people of Qin will not be able to swallow its food. Sad husband! With such a trend, it was robbed by the Qin people's accumulated prestige. The sun and the moon cut off, and they tended to perish. Those who serve the country without envoys will be robbed by those who accumulate prestige!
The Six Kingdoms and Qin are both vassals. Their power is weaker than that of Qin, but they still have the potential to win without bribery. Gou thinks that the world is so big, but the story of the ruin from the Six Kingdoms is that it is under the Six Kingdoms again. ▲ Ancient Chinese essays, high school classical Chinese essays, discussion, history, using the past to satirize the present as the way to general, we should first heal the mind. Mount Tai collapses in front but remains unchanged; elk thrives on the left but does not blink; then you can control your interests and wait for the enemy. All soldiers should be righteous; if it is unjust, do not use it even if it is beneficial. If you don't make a move for your own benefit, you will be unprepared for something in the future. A husband's righteousness can anger a soldier, and a soldier's righteous anger can lead to hundreds of battles. The way to fight is to nourish your wealth before fighting, to nourish your strength during battle, to nourish your spirit after fighting, and to nourish your heart after winning. Careful beacons and stern punishments make the cultivators have no scruples, so they can nourish their wealth; reward them abundantly and travel leisurely, so they can nourish their strength; small wins can make them more anxious, and small setbacks can make them more severe, so they can nourish their energy; employing people cannot do their best. He wants to do something, so he nourishes his mind. Therefore, scholars often store their anger and harbor their desires. If anger is not exhausted, there will be excess courage; if desire is not exhausted, there will be excess greed. Therefore, even though he united the world, his soldiers never tired of fighting. This is why the Yellow Emperor fought seventy battles without losing his troops. If you don't cultivate your mind, you won't be able to win in one battle. All generals want to be wise and strict, while ordinary people want to be foolish. Wisdom is unpredictable, and strictness cannot be violated. Therefore, all soldiers commit themselves to themselves and obey orders. How can I not be stupid? If the husband is just a fool, then both of them will die. Whenever a soldier moves, he must know the enemy's leader and the enemy's general, and then he can move in danger. Deng Ai sent troops to Shu, and if Liu Chan was not as good as Liu Chan, then millions of troops could sit and be tied, and they would move if they were insulted. Therefore, the wise generals of ancient times were able to taste the enemy with their troops, and they also tasted the enemy themselves, so they could defeat them by leaving. The way of a general is to know the principles and then raise the troops, know the situation and then increase the troops, know the moral principles and then use the troops. If you know the principles, you will not give in; if you know the potential, you will not be discouraged; if you know the principles, you will not be frustrated. If I don't move when I see small gains, I won't avoid small troubles. Small gains and small troubles are not enough to insult my skills. Then I will have big gains and big troubles. Those who cultivate their skills and love themselves will be invincible in the world. Therefore, one patience can support a hundred courages, and one calmness can control a hundred movements. Soldiers have their strengths and weaknesses, and the same is true for the enemy and us. Dare to ask: "My strengths, if I use them, they will not be able to match me; my weaknesses, if I hide them, they will take advantage of me, what can I do?" He said: "What are my weaknesses? , I resist and violently make them doubtful and retreat; my strength is to nourish them secretly and make them fall into it. This is the skill of using long and short of force. "Those who are good at using weapons can make them careless. Rely on. If you have nothing to worry about, you will know that death is not a pity; if you have something to rely on, you will know that defeat will not be inevitable. The ruler and basket are like a tiger, roaring and fighting; when encountering a lizard with bare hands, it changes color and hesitates, this is the human emotion. Those who know this can do it. If he lays down his sword with his clothes uncovered, Wu Huo will not dare to force him; if he lays down against the soldiers with his crown and armor on, then the boy will bend his bow and kill him. Therefore, those who are good at using weapons use their form to solidify their strength. If you can solidify it with form, you will have more than enough strength. ——Song Dynasty·Su Xun's "Mind Skills"
Mental Techniques
Song Dynasty: Su Xun
In order to be a general, one must first treat the heart. Mount Tai collapses in front but remains unchanged; elk thrives on the left but does not blink; then you can control your interests and wait for the enemy.
All soldiers are righteous; if it is unjust, do not move even if it is beneficial. If you don't make a move for your own benefit, you will be unprepared for something in the future. A husband's righteousness can anger a soldier, and a soldier's righteous anger can lead to hundreds of battles.
The way to fight is to nourish your wealth before fighting, to nourish your strength in battle, to nourish your energy in battle, and to nourish your heart in victory.
In order to be a general, you must first cultivate your heart. . Mount Tai collapses in front but remains unchanged; elk thrives on the left but does not blink; then you can control your interests and wait for the enemy.
All soldiers are righteous; if it is unjust, do not move even if it is beneficial. If you don't make a move for your own benefit, you will be unprepared for something in the future. A husband's righteousness can anger a soldier, and a soldier's righteous anger can lead to hundreds of battles.
The way to fight is to nourish your wealth before fighting, to nourish your strength during battle, to nourish your spirit after fighting, and to nourish your heart after winning. Careful beacons and stern punishments make the cultivators have no scruples, so they can nourish their wealth; reward them abundantly and travel leisurely, so they can nourish their strength; small wins can make them more anxious, and small setbacks can make them more severe, so they can nourish their energy; employing people cannot do their best. He wants to do something, so he nourishes his mind. Therefore, scholars often store their anger and harbor their desires. If anger is not exhausted, there will be excess courage; if desire is not exhausted, there will be excess greed. Therefore, even though he united the world, his soldiers never tired of fighting. This is why the Yellow Emperor fought seventy battles without losing his troops. If you don't cultivate your mind, you won't be able to win in one battle.
Every general wants to be wise and strict, and every scholar wants to be foolish. Wisdom is unpredictable, and strictness cannot be violated. Therefore, all soldiers commit themselves to themselves and obey orders. How can I not be stupid? If the husband is just a fool, then both of them will die.
Whenever a soldier moves, he must know the enemy's leader and the enemy's general, and then he can move in danger. Deng Ai sent troops to Shu, and if Liu Chan was not as good as Liu Chan, then millions of troops could sit and be tied, and they would move if they were insulted. Therefore, the wise generals of ancient times were able to taste the enemy with their troops, and they also tasted the enemy themselves, so they could defeat them by leaving.
The way to lead a general is to know the principles and then raise the troops, know the situation and then increase the troops, and know the moral principles and then use the troops. If you know the principles, you will not give in; if you know the potential, you will not be discouraged; if you know the principles, you will not be frustrated. If I don't move when I see small gains, I won't avoid small troubles. Small gains and small troubles are not enough to insult my skills. Then I will have big gains and big troubles. Those who cultivate their skills and love themselves will be invincible in the world. Therefore, one patience can support a hundred courages, and one calmness can control a hundred movements.
Soldiers have their own strengths and weaknesses, as do we and the enemy. Dare to ask: "My strengths, if I use them, they will not be able to match me; my weaknesses, if I hide them, they will take advantage of me, what can I do?" He said: "What are my weaknesses? , I resist and violently make them doubtful and retreat; my strength is to nourish them secretly and make them fall into it."
Those who are good at using weapons. Make it worry-free and have something to rely on. If you have nothing to worry about, you will know that death is not a pity; if you have something to rely on, you will know that defeat will not be inevitable. The ruler and basket are like a tiger, roaring and fighting; when encountering a lizard with bare hands, it changes color and hesitates, this is the human emotion. Those who know this can do it. If he lays down his sword with his clothes uncovered, Wu Huo will not dare to force him; if he lays down against the soldiers with his crown and armor on, then the boy will bend his bow and kill him. Therefore, those who are good at using weapons use their form to solidify their strength. If you can solidify it with form, you will have more than enough strength. ▲ Guanzhi, discussion, and military use in ancient Chinese literature. It is the most incompetent to come to the door at an old age. Xiao Xiaohua's hair reflects the golden lei. It is unbearable for Prime Minister Yandong Pavilion to spend time with all the Confucians and Lao Qutai. The festive season has passed by melancholy for a long time, and my strong heart occasionally comes from drunkenness. When I return home in the evening, I can't sleep in the rain and cold, so I read the new poem a hundred times. ——Su Xun of the Song Dynasty, "Nine Days with the Dukes of Han and Wei"
Nine Days with the Dukes of Han and Wei. When he comes to the family in his later years, he is the least talented, and Xiao Xiaohua has a golden lei.
I can’t stand the Prime Minister Yandong Pavilion and spend time with all the old Confucians and Qutai.
The festive season has passed by melancholy for a long time, and my strong heart has occasionally come from drunkenness.
When I return home in the evening, the rain is cold and I can’t sleep, so I read the new poem a hundred times.
On the Double Ninth Festival, I lament that my talents are not appreciated. View more of Su Xun’s poems >>