Wang Weizhi’s poetry has been said since ancient times that “poetry is like painting”. Appreciating his poems is like appreciating Chinese paintings. Fresh and elegant; reading his poems is like traveling thousands of miles across China, magnificent and majestic. Every sentence and every word in the poem is full of the poet's great passion. "Zhongnan Mountain" is one of the highlights of Wang Wei's landscape poetry.
"Taiyi is close to the capital of Heaven, and extends from the mountains to the corner of the sea." The first couplet says that the towering Zhongnan Mountain reaches into the sky and is close to the capital of the Emperor of Heaven. The endless mountains extend to the distant seashore.
The first couplet describes the distant view of Zhongnan Mountain, using an exaggerated technique to outline the general outline of Zhongnan Mountain. This general outline can only be known from a distance, not from a closer look. So this couplet is obviously about long-term vision.
"Taiyi" is the nickname of Zhongnan Mountain. Although Zhongnan is high, it is far away from the sky. To say that it is "near the capital" is of course an artistic exaggeration. But this is a distant view. Looking at Zhongnan from the flat ground, its peak is indeed connected to the sky. Therefore, saying that it is "near the capital of heaven" is an exaggeration to describe the reality. Zhongnan Shanxi starts from Tianshui, Gansu Province, and reaches Shaanxian County, Henan Province in the east, far from Haiyu. To say that it "connects to the corner of the sea" is certainly not true, but to say that it is continuously connected to other mountains all the way to the corner of the sea is not consistent with the facts. However, this is a distant view. Looking from Chang'an to Zhongnan, you can't see the end to the west and the end to the east. The use of "mountains connected to sea corners" to describe Zhongnan's distant views is exaggerated but increasingly real.
"The white clouds look back and merge, and the blue mist enters and sees nothing." The second couplet says that I was walking in the deep mountains, and the lingering clouds and mist split to both sides. When I looked back, the white clouds merged into the vast sky behind me. piece. I walked towards the green mist of __, but as soon as I got there, I disappeared.
The second couplet writes about the close-up scene. Since "looking back" is dual to "looking back" in the next sentence, it means "looking back". Wang Wei wrote about entering Zhongnan Mountain and "looking back", looking back. is the road just traveled. The poet is in the Zhongnan Mountains. Looking forward, he sees white clouds filling the air. He can't see the road or other scenery. It seems that if he takes a few more steps, he can float in the sea of ??white clouds. However, as he continues to move forward, the white clouds continue to separate to both sides. It was out of reach; looking back, the white clouds that had separated to both sides gathered together again, forming a vast sea of ??clouds. This wonderful realm is familiar to anyone who has experienced mountain travel.
The sentence "The blue mist enters and looks at nothing" and the previous sentence "The white clouds look back together" are "intertextual". They are intertwined and complement each other. The poet walked out of the vast sea of ??clouds, and there was green mist in front of him. It seemed that if he continued to move forward, he could touch the green mist. However, when he walked in, he not only couldn't touch it, but also couldn't see it. When he turned around, the green mist closed again. ,__ is long and elusive.
This couplet describes the smoke and clouds disappearing and changing shape with each step, which is very pregnant. Just like the thousands of rocks and ravines in the Zhongnan Mountains, the green pines and cypresses, the strange rocks and clear springs, and the exotic flowers and plants, all the scenery worth admiring are shrouded in the vast white clouds and green mist, making it invisible and unreal. . Only in this way is it even more fascinating. On the other hand, the beautiful scenery that has been seen still makes people nostalgic, and they have to "look back". When "looking back", the "white clouds" and "blue mist" are all combined. The scenery that just appeared on the eyebrows is either covered with green gauze or wrapped in green gauze. With ice silk, from clear to hazy. From being hazy to disappearing, it is even more evocative. The poet did not explain all this clearly, leaving us with a vast world for imagination.
"The peaks change in the dividing line, and the clouds and sunshine are different." The neck couplet means that Zhongnan Mountain is so vast, with the main central peak separating Zhongnan from east to west. The sun shines on the mountains, and there are thousands of rocks and valleys. Light or dark, deep or shallow.
The neck couplet is highly summarized and covers thousands of miles. The first couplet describes the height of Zhongnan Mountain and its distance from west to east. This is the scene seen from the north of the mountain. As for the width of Zhongnan Mountain from north to south, it is expressed by the phrase "the peak changes in the dividing line". When traveling in the mountains and having this understanding, the poet stands on the "middle peak" and looks around, which is already vaguely visible. Zhongnan Mountain is far from east to west and vast from north to south. Only by standing on the "middle peak" "near Tiandu" can we have a panoramic view; and "cloudy, sunny and numerous valleys" is the panoramic view. This panoramic view uses the sunlight to express the various shapes of thousands of rocks and ravines, whether it is thick or light, or whether it is present or absent.
"If you want to find a place to stay, ask the woodcutter across the water." The last couplet means, I want to find a place to stay in a house in the mountains, and ask the woodcutter in the forest across the stream.
There have always been different understandings and different evaluations of the tail couplet. In this regard, Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty said: "It may be said that the last two sentences do not match the whole style. Now I am playing with its semantic meaning. I see that the mountains are far away and there are few people. It is an unusual scenery." ("Tang Poetry Collection") However, by playing with its semantic meaning, It seems that we can understand more things. First, "I want to stay somewhere else." This sentence clearly omits the subject "I". Therefore, with this sentence, it can be seen that I am traveling in the mountains. I am in every sentence and everywhere. I observe things with me and express my emotions based on the scenery. . Secondly, if "I want to stay in a human place" but "ask the woodcutter across the mountain", then "I" will have to stay in the mountain and travel again tomorrow, and the pleasant mountain scenery is not difficult to understand in words. Third, once the poet reaches the "middle peak", the "water" in "asking the woodcutter across the water" is actually a deep ditch and large stream; so how did he discover this woodcutter? The woodcutter must cut down the wood, so there must be woods and noises that make people follow the sounds to identify the direction. It is not difficult to imagine the scene of discovering the woodcutter in the woods across the water. Since there is a "woodcutter", he knows that there must be people living in a place that is not too far away, so when he asks where he can stay, it is not difficult to imagine the scene where the woodcutter answered with his finger and the poet turned his head and looked into the distance.
The value of artistic creation is to express the general through the individual, and to seek perfection from the incomplete. This is what Liu Xie said "to make more out of less" and what ancient painting theorists said about "the meaning is more than the image".
As a poet and painter, Wang Wei understood the secret of this, so he was able to use a five-character poem of only forty words to vividly portray the huge Zhongnan Mountain. "More", the artistic effect of "more meaning than image".
The poem aims to sing the magnificence of Zhongnan Mountain. The first couplet describes the distant view, using artistic exaggeration to express the height of the mountain. The chin couplet describes a close-up view, what you see in the mountains, and describes the changing clouds and deformation with each step, which is very rich in meaning. The neck couplet further describes the vastness of the mountain from north to south and the myriad shapes of thousands of rocks and ravines. The last couplet says that in order to go to the mountains to win the victory, I want to stay in a family in the mountains. The word "across the water" points out the author's "far-looking" position. The whole poem describes scenery, people and objects, moving like a rabbit, quiet like a lady, full of sound and color, and the artistic conception is fresh, just like a landscape painting.