After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Song Taizu implemented "strong cadres and weak branches, emphasizing literature over martial arts"

The world where more harm than good 10k/blog/? P=535 At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the policy of "strengthening the cadres and weakening the branches, emphasizing literature over martial arts" played a certain role in getting rid of feudal lords, local separatist regimes and military dictatorships since the end of the Tang Dynasty. Due to the strictness of centralization and the weakening of local military, political, financial and legal powers, the situation that local governments were too big to fail since the end of the Tang Dynasty was stopped, and the situation of short-lived and frequent usurpation of state-owned enterprises no longer appeared. Historians at that time summed it up like this. For example, Sima Guang (10 19- 1086) wrote in "Frozen Hydrology Ji" that in the Northern Song Dynasty, "gathering the capital to prepare for the garrison, giving food, and always teaching to read with a bow." Every town knows that the elite troops are not the enemy of Beijing, and they dare not have infidelity. My great-grandfather can be strong or weak, and finally he can control the chaos. "Fan Zuyu also said," Only the law of this dynasty, the dimension of up and down, the system of weight, such as the arm of the body, the finger of the arm ","This is the reason why there has been no mutiny for more than 130 years. "In the early Song Dynasty, literature was valued over martial arts, and the promotion of literati politics also promoted the development of culture and education. At that time, the Song Dynasty treated Confucian scholars with courtesy, with the rise of academies, a large number of scholars, and well-developed Confucian classics, history, literature and technology. In the Song Dynasty, a series of voluminous works appeared, including the large-scale books compiled during the reign of Taizong Taiping Xingguo, the series Taiping Yulan, Taiping Guangji, Wenyuan Huaying, National Geographic Tongzhi Taiping Yuhuan, and the books compiled during the reign of Zhenzong. However, the practice of strengthening cadres and weakening branches in the Song Dynasty, which emphasized literature over martial arts, also caused extremely serious consequences, that is, the situation of poverty and weakness in the Song Dynasty. The following is a brief list of its shortcomings: (1) There are many policies and low efficiency: due to the low power and the weight of Taiwan remonstrance, there are many policies and they restrict each other. Redundant officials and inefficient administration. The history books say, "This book is for the people, the Privy Council is for the soldiers, and the three divisions are for money, and they don't know each other. Therefore, the Privy Council benefited greatly from the loss of wealth; People have been making money from these three companies. If Zhongshu looks at the people's difficulties and doesn't know how to save the people by reducing troops and money, then the role of controlling the country is not in Zhongshu. "(2) Redundant expenses increase and financial constraints: In order to contain the local government, the Song Dynasty created many official positions, which made the bureaucracy huge." Therefore, the order of secretariat, ministers and ministers has nothing to do with the failure of state affairs; Assistant minister, give things without saving jobs; There is no responsibility for the left and right suggestions, and the living lang and the living shed do not hold notes; ..... As for servants, ministers, cheng, lang, card shark and committee members, there are often seven or eight who live in official positions. The minister and the temple provinces exist in name only, but in the hands of the chamberlain, it is still like a story. Nine temples and five prisons are especially empty of officials. Mao thought that "those who can benefit a hundred generations can only' raise soldiers'." Hunger comes in bad years, and those who have no rebellion have rebellion; Unfortunately, if you are happy to be born in old age, you will rebel against the soldiers instead of the people. "So the imperial army recruited on a large scale and there was no retirement system. Although I am old, I can support myself for a lifetime. And more frequent defense makes the military expenditure huge. Redundant officials, soldiers and officials consumed a lot of public funds, and the extravagance of the royal family and the defeat of foreign countries led to financial difficulties in the early Song Dynasty and the country dried up. (3) Top-heavy and tail-light, and the local area is sluggish: although centralization in the early Song Dynasty helped to eliminate military separatism, it overcorrected and led to excessive local victory. Local officials obey the central government in everything, but they cannot be independent in administration, and all taxes are returned to the central government, so local governments are poor and unable to build. Once something happens, it's hard to respond. Southern Song Dynasty Zhu (1 130- 1200) once commented: "At present, we should absorb the shortcomings of the Five Dynasties and seize the power of the buffer region. Soldiers also received, money also received, rewards and punishments also received, and everything was collected, and counties and counties became weak from then on. The disaster of Jingkang, which Lu rode, will be scattered. (4) The national strength is weak, and the border problems are serious: in the early Song Dynasty, civil servants were used to command the army. "Soldiers are unpredictable and handsome, handsome and unpredictable, with different internal and external dimensions and conflicts up and down." In addition, the number of soldiers was weak, the lack of training, the frequent deployment of imperial troops and the weakness of local soldiers made the Song Dynasty weak in national strength and martial arts and unable to resist foreign invasion. The Northern Song Dynasty fought against Liao, Xixia, Jin and other strong neighbors, and suffered repeated failures and eventually perished. Later, the Southern Song Dynasty was biased, defeated by Jin, and finally destroyed by Meng Yuan. This is actually the biggest drawback of its national policy of bullying the weak and emphasizing literature over martial arts.