From allusions.
The basic information of allusions is as follows:
Allusions originally refer to the old system and old examples, and are also the official names of people in charge of the ritual and music system in Han Dynasty. Later, a common meaning refers to stories or legends about historical figures, laws and regulations, etc. Names and allusions have a long history. It can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty "Wang Cang Chuan Dong Ping Xian" said: "I bow to the supreme, and I bow to the minister. Every time I give a banquet, I will change my appearance and worship in the palace. It is an allusion. "
Chinese name: allusions
Mbth: Literary Quotations
Ancient meaning: laws and regulations, old things and old cases
Modern meaning: quoting stories or words from ancient books in poetry.
Pinyin: di ?ng?
ㄧㄢˇㄡㄨˋ Athena Chu.
English translation: [Literal quotation; Classical allusions]
Basic explanation
1, Canon system and anecdotes;
2. Ancient stories and words quoted in poems.
3. Generally refers to people and events that are recognized as educational and familiar to the public.
Source and detailed explanation
1, standard system and examples. So, the story is an example.
(1) The Biography of Dongping Cang in the Later Han Dynasty: "Bow to the Supreme, lower the ceremony and lower the minister, and every time you hold a banquet, you must change your appearance and go to the palace to pay homage."
(2) Biography of Gao Long's Northern History: "The nature of dragons is very small. As for the official feather instrument, every play is sometimes changed, not based on allusions. "
(3) Wang Shu, Addendum 4 to Tang Yulin in the Song Dynasty: "The source of pressure angle is not traced back, there is no article to open the instrument, and there is no allusion to the dynasty."
(4) Song Gaocheng's "The Original Matter, the Imperial Command, and the Repair of Capacity": "Wei Wendi began to repair capacity, and Emperor Yang Di participated in auspicious allusions, which was also repeated."
⑤ Qing Tian Lanfang's Preface to Ji Sheng Miscellaneous Notes of Penglai (Yuan Keli): "It is also compiled, and you can also prepare Peng Ying's allusions to win the trust."
2. Ancient stories and words quoted in poems and other works.
(1) Zhao Qing's "Xiao Ting Continued: Drama Festival": "At that time, Qu Zijing, Zi 'an Pavilion and other allusions all entered the spectrum, which was called the infinite moon."
(2) The first white tea in the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yi's poem "Ou Bei Poetics": "Miscellaneous humorous words are allusions, so writing the old biography is not original."
(3) The third act of Lao She's Teahouse: "Green is a mountain, green is water, and flowers are on earth", with the story of Wu Jiapo! "
Nouns of literary appreciation
concept
Allusions refer to canon and anecdotes. Ci Hai and Ci Yuan have two meanings for the word "allusions": First, the ancient meaning of the word "allusions" is somewhat equivalent to the "old facts" in modern Chinese, referring to ancient laws and regulations, old events and old examples. Of course, the allusion we are talking about today is the present meaning of the allusion. In the present sense of allusions, Modern Chinese Dictionary is interpreted as "stories or words in ancient books quoted in poetry". The explanations of Ci Hai and Ci Yuan are similar to this, saying that they are "ancient stories and words with sources quoted in poems".
Wang Guanghan, a famous linguist and master of allusions, pointed out in the dictionary research-correcting allusions that all the above statements are vague. First of all, the word "quote" is not very accurate. Citation is citation, citation in textual research, citation in novel notes and so on. It's all quotes. Are these quotations and citations allusions? Don't textual research and novel notes count as "texts"? As for other quotations that can be called "Wen", they belong to the same type as textual research and novel notes, and obviously should be distinguished from allusions. Secondly, it is even more unscientific to say that there is a source. "Origin" can only be regarded as one of the preconditions of allusions, but not all words with "origin", including sentences with dark quotations, can be regarded as allusions. The ancients wrote poems and articles, emphasizing that "every word has no source." How many words in Ci Yuan have no use cases of different times? If the predecessors used it and later generations used it again, which means "there is a source", wouldn't Ci Yuan become a dictionary of allusions? The reason why books on allusions can't draw a clear line between idioms, allusions, common words and allusions is largely due to the explanation of allusions in the above dictionaries.
The main reason for the above problems in Classic Quotations is the lack of understanding of dictionaries. It is important to draw a clear line between dictionaries and idioms, quotations and common words. The dictionary's interpretation of dictionaries, that is, "quotations" and "words with sources", must be restricted by another layer, that is, "it is incomprehensible without the source language environment". With this restriction, the scope of the dictionary can be clear. The so-called "you can't understand without the source language environment" has two meanings: first, in terms of meaning, words in allusions must have the meaning of the source language environment, so you can't understand why words have such a non-literal meaning. Most of these words are highly summarized and abbreviated from the language environment. For example, using "Hezhou" to describe the love between men and women or the virtue of being a beautiful queen comes from the meaning of the Book of Songs. The idiom "three men make a tiger" confuses people by writing rumors, and it is easy to mistake it for truth. From "The Warring States Policy Vaizer": "There is no tiger in the city, and three people become tigers with words." His "Gu Xi" is abbreviated from the famous sentence "seventy years old is rare", which belongs to this category; Secondly, from the perspective of word formation, the formation of words is closely related to the source language environment. If you don't know the source language environment, you can't understand why it is a word. The idiom "escape" is used to mean "escape" and so on. With this definition, dictionaries can obviously be distinguished from general idioms, quotations and common words.