The fourth grade Chinese scroll Book 2 Extracurricular reading Zhan Tianyou replied.

This paper focuses on Zhan Tianyou's outstanding achievements in his life-he presided over the construction of the first railway trunk line designed and constructed by China engineers and technicians, and outlined the tall image of an outstanding patriotic engineer for readers. This paper arranges the materials according to the method of general description first and then specific description. The full text is divided into four parts. First of all, Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer in China. Then, through the introduction of the social environment at that time, it reflects the great significance of Zhan Tianyou's presiding over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway; Then, according to the order of the project progress, the process of building Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway in Zhan Tianyou is described from three aspects: line survey, tunnel excavation and herringbone line design. Finally, I wrote about the completion of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway two years ahead of schedule and the Chinese and foreign people's nostalgia for Zhan Tianyou, and pointed out the significance of this incident-a powerful counterattack against the imperialists' contempt and ridicule of the people of China. Zhan Tianyou's patriotism runs through the whole article. When introducing the obstacles and difficulties in the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, it focuses on the fact that Zhan Tianyou bravely issued an order to safeguard the dignity of the motherland in the face of imperialist arrogance and extreme contempt for the people of China. When talking about the road construction process, he emphasized that patriotism was his driving force to overcome all difficulties and obstacles; Creative tunnel excavation and herringbone design are the products of his patriotic spirit, scientific attitude and creative ability. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed two years ahead of schedule, which showed his outstanding achievements, strengthened the ambition of China people and destroyed the imperialists' prestige. First, through Zhan Tianyou's deeds, inspire students' thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland and determined to serve the country, as well as their awareness of bold innovation in practice; Second, by understanding the content of the text, understand the role of keywords in expression and expression; Third, take Zhan Tianyou as the expansion point to accumulate materials for the comprehensive study of this group. The focus of this kind of teaching is to understand Zhan Tianyou's patriotism through the description of the characters' words and deeds and psychological activities; The difficulty lies in understanding the advantages of the two tunneling methods and the beauty of herringbone design. 2. Text analysis. Understanding of (1) sentence. A foreign newspaper said contemptuously, "China engineers who can build a railway north of Nankou have not yet been born." "Not yet born" means that a person has not yet been born. This sentence reflects the pressure of Zhan Tianyou to accept the task of building the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Foreign newspapers say that China engineers who built the railway north of Nankou have not yet been born, but in fact they look down on China engineers and technicians, and they despise and laugh at China people. In their eyes, it is unrealistic to appoint Zhan Tianyou to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Only foreigners can finish this project. Their words also imply that the geographical environment along the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is harsh and the railway construction project is very arduous. Writing the text in this way can better reflect Zhan Tianyou's patriotic quality of sharing worries for the country. (2) Zhan Tianyou often encourages employees, saying, "Our work must be accurate first, and we can't be a little sloppy. The expressions' probably' and' almost' should not come from engineers. " Zhan Tianyou asked the staff to survey, draw and calculate accurately and strictly, and never be vague or careless. This sentence shows Zhan Tianyou's meticulous and highly responsible spirit and rigorous scientific attitude towards the project. ③ When encountering difficulties, he always thought: This is the first railway built by China people themselves, and it must be built; Otherwise, it will not only make foreigners laugh, but also make engineers in China lose confidence. This is Zhan Tianyou's inner thoughts when he encounters difficulties, and it is also his motivation to overcome difficulties and accomplish arduous tasks. Jing-Zhang Railway is the first railway built by China people with their own technical strength. The quality of this railway construction is directly related to the reputation of the country and the people. If it can't be repaired, foreigners will laugh at China's conspiracy, and our engineers in China will lose confidence; When it is restored, it can counter the contempt of the imperialists and improve the self-confidence of China people, especially engineers in China. This sentence fully shows Zhan Tianyou's thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland and his strong determination to fight for the motherland. How can a train climb such a steep slope? Zhan Tianyou designed a herringbone line along the mountain. This is a rhetorical question. Firstly, the question of how to make the train climb a steep slope is put forward, and then a herringbone line designed by Zhan Tianyou is used to answer it. Zhan Tianyou creatively designed a herringbone line along the mountain, using two locomotives to push and pull, which solved the major problem of trains climbing steep slopes. This is his outstanding contribution to railway construction and the embodiment of his outstanding creative ability. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed in less than four years, two years ahead of schedule. This incident gave a powerful counterattack to the imperialists who despised China. "Strike back" means to strike back at the attacker. Before the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, the imperialists tried their best to obstruct the construction of China engineers and technicians, attacking China's appointment of Zhan Tianyou to preside over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway as a "joke" and even boasting that "China engineers who can build the railway north of Nankou have not yet been born". The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed two years ahead of schedule, which proved the intelligence of the people in China, increased the ambition of the people in China and destroyed the prestige of imperialism. This period shows the achievements of the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, which once again shows that Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer, echoing the first sentence. (2) Understanding of words. Trunk line: the main route of traffic lines, electric wires and pipelines (water pipes, oil pipelines and the like) (as opposed to' branch lines'), which refers to the main route of railways. Hinder: to prevent or undermine development or success. Threaten: use the weakness of the other party to force the other party to agree to their own requirements and conditions. Sensation: It attracted a lot of people's attention at once. The article pointed out that Zhan Tianyou was the chief engineer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, which caused great shock in the whole country. Careful: thoughtful and meticulous. Generally speaking, when considering a problem and making a plan or scheme, they are thoughtful and meticulous, without omissions and mistakes. In this article, Zhan Tianyou is a person who strives for perfection in his work and works carefully. Theodolite: An instrument for measuring angles, which consists of a telescope rotating around a horizontal axis, a vertical dial and a horizontal dial. It is widely used in astronomy, topography and various engineering surveys. Finish: Finish. Generally refers to large-scale projects. Despise: to despise or despise. The text means that the imperialists don't care about China at all. Second, the teaching objectives 1. Learn 1 1 new words. Can write the words "outstanding, architecture, design, construction, obstruction, control, sensation, arduous, resolute, leveling, encouragement, bad, mud, fork, Juyongguan, cliff, whistling wind, causing ridicule" and so on. 2. Read the text with emotion. Recite the deepest feelings and copy the favorite words. 3. Understand the deeds of Zhan Tianyou, an outstanding patriotic engineer, and inspire the thoughts and feelings of loving and serving the motherland. 4. Experience the role of keywords in expressing ideas. Iii. Teaching suggestions 1. The text is about the late Qing Dynasty, which is far from the actual life of students. Before class, students can be asked to go to the library (room) or look up information on the Internet, or ask adults for advice, so as to better understand Zhan Tianyou and the social background at that time. Where conditions permit, teachers can prepare portraits of Zhan Tianyou, flip charts or slides with herringbone patterns, and geographical environment maps of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. 2. The teaching focus of this paper is to grasp Zhan Tianyou's words and deeds, thoughts and other key words, and to understand his patriotic feelings. We can refer to the following ideas in teaching: First, understand under what circumstances Zhan Tianyou accepted the task of hosting the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. These contents are far away from students, and students are not easy to understand. At the beginning of the course, students can exchange knowledge about Zhan Tianyou and the social background at that time. If the students don't know much, the teacher can make some introductions. At the same time, combined with the map, this paper introduces the geographical location and geographical environment of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Then, focus on organizing students to discuss the second and third paragraphs of the text: Why did a China engineer lead the construction of a railway on his own land and caused a sensation at home and abroad? We can understand the imperialists' contempt for the China government from their obstruction, intimidation and ridicule. Engineers from China, despised by imperialist countries, dare to accept this arduous task without fear of ridicule from imperialists, and understand the feelings of engineers from China who shoulder heavy responsibilities for "fighting for breath". From the harsh geographical environment of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, we realize that the task of building Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is arduous and difficult. Through the discussion, the students fully realized that Zhan Tianyou, in order to safeguard the dignity of the motherland, resolutely accepted the task of hosting the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway under heavy pressure and despite all kinds of difficulties, which was a feat of fighting for the people of China in times of crisis, thus inspiring the students' patriotic enthusiasm. Secondly, guide students to understand what difficulties Zhan Tianyou has encountered in the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and how to overcome them. This problem can be broken down into three small problems. (1) What difficulties did he encounter in the process of surveying the line? What did he say and do? Why did he do it? Guide students to master Zhan Tianyou's words, deeds and thoughts, and experience Zhan Tianyou's serious work attitude, work style of taking the lead and the patriotism of China people. (2) What difficulties did he encounter in the process of tunneling and how did he overcome them? You can try to draw a schematic diagram while watching it, and explain the different methods of digging Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels in Zhan Tianyou. When communicating, focus on guiding students to talk about what is "drilling from both ends to the middle at the same time" and what is "middle sinking method" according to the schematic diagram; Then, guide students to contact Juyongguan and Badaling terrain features to understand why Zhan Tianyou adopts these two different construction methods and what are the benefits of these two different construction methods; Finally, combined with careful investigation, students are guided to further think about why Zhan Tianyou dares to adopt such construction methods, so as to realize Zhan Tianyou's flexible and innovative thinking of adopting different methods according to different situations, and its innovative design comes from practice. (3) What difficulties did he encounter in Qinglong Bridge and how did he overcome them? When solving this part of teaching difficulties, we can follow the following steps: ① Find and read sentences with human characters; ② With the help of herringbone illustrations in the text, use pencils and other stationery to simulate driving, or make an animation demonstration by the teacher; (3) Organize students to exchange the functions or benefits of herringbone, and realize that Zhan Tianyou has served the motherland with outstanding wisdom and talent; Read the text again and understand how the author introduced the zigzag line so clearly in accurate language. Finally, combined with the summary of the text, students can be arranged to practice writing, for example, writing "Zhan Tianyou I know" or continuing to write "Standing in front of the bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou ...". Reading the text with emotion is an important training content of this class. We should deepen our understanding of the content of the text through reading aloud, and further understand the spirit of Zhan Tianyou. For example, when reading the second part of the sentence about the imperialists obstructing, threatening and mocking the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway construction, we should read out our indignation against the imperialists. When you read that "the imperialists are completely wrong ... Zhan Tianyou is one of them" and "when the news comes out, ... you can win a sigh of relief", you should read the excitement of pride and express your admiration and ardent expectation for Zhan Tianyou. For another example, when reading the fourth paragraph, we should pay attention to Zhan Tianyou's serious work attitude, pioneering work style, courage to face difficulties and obstacles, and determination to accept the task resolutely, so as to win a sigh of relief for the Chinese people. 4. Regarding "the part that feels the deepest", we can implement it according to the following steps: ① Find the part that feels the deepest on the basis of reading the full text; (2) Organize students to communicate, talk about the deepest reasons, and guide students to pay attention to Zhan Tianyou's words and deeds on the basis of respecting students' multiple interpretations; (3) Re-reading those who feel the deepest, grasp the key words and recite these sentences; (4) Copy the sentences that I feel most deeply. There are some new words in this class, which students can easily mispronounce. For example, "blackmail" should be "yāoxié" instead of "yà oxiá"; "Scratch" should be pronounced as "náo" instead of "rá o"; You should pronounce "Mia" instead of "Mao". In addition, there are similarities between "pulp" and "award, stroke", "scratch" and "Rao, Rao, Rao", "ridicule" and "muscle, hunger and luck" in pronunciation and glyph, so we should pay attention to the differences. 6. Conditional places can recommend extracurricular reading materials about Zhan Tianyou and railway history to students, such as patriotic engineer Zhan Tianyou, so that students can obtain information through extracurricular reading. 7. Comprehensive study is arranged after class, with the purpose of guiding students to feel the patriotic feelings of Chinese sons and daughters through various forms of Chinese activities and further enhancing their love for the motherland. From this time on, we should gradually implement comprehensive learning. First of all, according to the learning tips, students can decide which activity mode to choose. Such as collecting information; Reading poetry and prose; Visit people around you. Secondly, make an activity plan and implement the division of labor and activity arrangement of the team members. Then, according to the plan. In the process of activities, teachers should grasp the information in time, adjust and guide in time. Students should be guided to sort out the collected data in time, such as filling in the data record form. Access to the fourth category of materials. Teaching Cases Understanding the Background of the Times and Feeling Patriotism Teacher: Please look at the screen (courseware presentation). This is the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, which starts from Fengtai in Beijing in the south and ends at Zhangjiakou in the north, with a total length of 200 kilometers. Because it is a traffic artery connecting North China and Northwest China, it has aroused the envy of imperialism. Teacher: Under what circumstances did Zhan Tianyou accept the task of building the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway? Please feel free to read 2~3 paragraphs and talk about your feelings after reading. Health: Zhan Tianyou accepted the task under the following circumstances: "At that time, the Qing government ... the north." I am very angry, because repairing the railway is our own business. Who are the imperialists to tell us what to do? Teacher: What a cruel insult! Let's read together. Student: Teacher, why can we control the north of our country by fighting for the right to build railways? Health: I know, because the railway is the traffic artery, the imperialists use it to invade our country. Teacher: Yes! From 1895 to 1899, imperialist countries plundered nearly 10000 km of railway construction rights in China. Wherever the railway controlled by imperialism is built, the claws of aggression will extend. Near the railway, imperialist countries compete for factories and coal mines and plunder China's resources. They built the railway in China, which not only gained huge economic benefits, but also controlled the railway and the areas along it. Health: No wonder when the Qing government put forward the construction plan, it tried every means to obstruct and threaten it. They even think that China will eventually have to turn to them to build the railway. How arrogant! Teacher: Hit the nail on the head and expose their ugly faces. Students, express your feelings at this moment by reading aloud! Health: Zhan Tianyou accepted the task under the following circumstances: "The imperialists thought it was a joke ... it hasn't been born yet." I feel ashamed! Because they are clearly saying that China people cannot build railways! How disrespectful of China engineers! Teacher: Do they just look down on engineers in China? Health: They look down on all China people and China as a whole. Teacher: This is an insult to the national dignity of China. Read this sentence angrily. Health: Zhan Tianyou accepted the task in the harsh geographical environment of railway construction: "Originally, from the south entrance to the north ... China people can't finish it anyway." "The mountain is high, the stream is deep and the cliff is dangerous" shows that the environment in that area is bad. Health: From "famous foreign engineers dare not try easily", we can also see the sinister environment. The reason why foreign engineers dare not try it easily is because the terrain is complex and dangerous. Teacher: The environment is so bad! We are really worried about Zhan Tianyou! Read this sentence together. Teacher: Students, in a sense, the struggle for the right of railway construction is the struggle of a nation and a country for their own destiny! Facing the obstruction, threats, ridicule and harsh natural environment of imperialism, Zhan Tianyou-"the route of not fearing difficulties ...".