1, perceive the text as a whole, understand poetry, experience poetry and recite poetry.
2. Taste the language of poetry and understand its artistic features.
3. Understand the life of the poet Du Fu, and understand the style changes of his poems.
Key points
1, read more books in teaching, and taste the beauty of artistic conception and language in reading. Reading teaching is a cyclic process. However, reading over and over again should not stay at the same level, but should have new feelings and understanding every time, and this feeling and understanding should be expressed through reading. On the basis of inspiring students to grasp the thoughts and feelings of poetry as a whole, teachers can give some guidance on reading skills, and the effect will be better.
2. Only by understanding some poems that represent important events and are closely related to the poet's experience and situation can we better understand the changes of poetry's thoughts, feelings and styles.
3, pick some subtle or widely circulated famous sentences, try to figure out the taste, and make a preliminary appreciation and analysis.
Teaching assumption
1, students learn independently. In teaching, students will have their own unique feelings if they design without problems, collect information and taste beauty. Teachers are partners in learning.
2. Emphasize reading aloud. Ancient poetry emphasizes reading aloud, but poetry reading aloud is higher than literature. It is necessary to understand emotions, artistic conception and rhythm, and even arrange students to recite and sing like the ancients.
3, do a good job of preview before class, the relevant background materials are fully prepared.
case study
first kind
Classroom introduction
Du Fu is a great realistic poet in the history of China literature, and he is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. His poems boldly exposed the decadence of the ruling group at that time, widely and sharply reflected the people's suffering and social contradictions, and had profound contents. Many of his excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, so they are called "the history of poetry". Now we focus on three poems written by him in different periods, from which we can see the development and change of the author's thoughts and the social state at that time.
Enjoy resources and approach Du Fu.
Classroom communication of relevant materials about the author's life thoughts. Teachers organize students to discuss and communicate in groups, summarize and sort out the collected materials, and then make a speech in class and make it complete:
Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, is beautiful in words, and often calls himself a young man at night in his poems. I was not the first scholar when I was young, so I wandered around. Tianbao met Li Bai in Luoyang. After living in Chang 'an for nearly ten years, he fled to Fengxiang in the Anshi Rebellion, met Tang Suzong, and served as the left gleaner. Chang 'an returned to Beijing after recovering from illness, and soon resigned and moved to Chengdu. In his later years, he left Chengdu with his family, moved to Hunan and Hubei, and died on the way. He used to be Yuan Wailang of the Inspection Engineering Department, so he was called "Du Gongbu" internationally.
Du Fu was born in a feudal scholar-bureaucrat family, and was in the era of the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty. He has the ambition of loyalty to the monarch, patriotism and active use of the world. However, because of his frustrated career, disaster, ambition and poverty, he can observe and sympathize with the people's sufferings. His poems express personal feelings, often closely combined with current events, with profound thoughts, broad realm and strong practical significance. Du Fu creatively played the functions of various poetic styles, developed the realistic tradition of China's ancient poetry creation, enriched and improved the artistic expression forms of poetry reflecting real life, and formed a unique style of "depressed and frustrated".
Teachers can add or delete the above contents according to the situation, but they must make a good background introduction to let students understand poetry.
Read a poem four times before you can understand it.
First, reading, reading according to the personality of the poem, reading according to your own understanding and experience.
Ancient poetry pays attention to the rhyme, duality, neat sentence patterns, and a sense of rhythm and rhythm. These characteristics are determined by the form of poetry. However, different contents and styles are also factors that affect the effect of poetry reading. At the same time, grasping the author's emotion in each poem is the key to reading a poem well. Wang Yue, written in the flourishing age of Kaiyuan, is one of his early works. Those who praise Mount Tai and express the poet's lofty aspirations should read it enthusiastically and heroically. "Spring Hope" was written during the An Shi Rebellion, conveying the feelings of worrying about the country and hurting oneself, homesickness and self-pity. The feelings are deep and implicit, and we should read out the deep sadness.
Second, translation, poetry translation, language and form in poetry translation, and poetry translation of modern texts, it is best to rhyme.
Wang Yue: Students read the original poem and the teacher demonstrates the translation.
What is the scene of Mount Tai, the head of the Five Mountains?
These green hills stand between Qilu.
The magical beauty of nature gathers here,
Mountains north and south, like dusk, like morning.
Dark clouds roll and wash my heart,
Watch the birds enter the forest until they are out of sight.
I must climb the highest mountain,
Lift your eyes and look up at the mountains.
Hope in Spring: The teacher reads the original poem and the students translate it.
The mountains and rivers remain the same, and the country is ruined.
In Beijing in spring, weeds grow wildly.
I want to cry when I see flowers and plants.
Sorry to leave, chilling to hear birds singing.
The war lasted from last March to this March,
A letter from home is worth two thousand gold.
White hair is getting less and less.
It's impossible to put a bun and a hairpin in it.
Third, reverse translation.
The whole poem of Wang Yue can be divided into two layers, both of which are cut in with the word "Wang". The first two couplets are on the first floor, focusing on the overall image of Mount Tai. The latter two couplets also wrote about the scenery of Mount Tai, but focused on the poet's feelings.
The first four sentences of the poem "Spring Hope" are about the dilapidated scene of Spring City, among which there are sighs; The last four sentences are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. It expresses the poet's deep and implicit feelings: homesickness and self-pity when he is worried about his country and hurts his country.
If you have a clear idea about writing a poem, it will be much easier to recite it.
Fourth, enjoy reading.
Teacher's demonstration and appreciation: "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold" wrote the long-awaited urgency of news isolation. In that war-torn era, how rare and precious an ordinary letter from home is! "Wanjin", in ancient times, twelve taels of gold were regarded as one gold. Trying to write a rare and precious degree. The feelings revealed in this sentence are the thoughts of ordinary people, which naturally makes people feel * * *, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages.
Students discuss in groups and appreciate the taste;
The word "cut" and "and" in 1 The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " Extremely exquisite. Seen from the north side of the mountain, the sunlight shining on the earth seems to be cut off by a huge knife, which further highlights the image of Mount Tai blocking the sunlight.
2. "Once you climb to the top of the mountain and peek, you will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky ..." This is Confucius' famous saying: "Climb Mount Tai, it's a small world". He wrote his own voice: but it is meaningful to use it here: it is not only the poet's oath to climb Mount Tai, but also the poet's oath to climb the peak of life. Expressed the poet's desire to climb the peak. Show an enterprising and positive attitude towards life, which is very philosophical.
3. "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." After the fall of the capital, it was in ruins, but the mountains and rivers remained; Spring came to Ancheng, but in front of us, the grass grew in a mess. How can such a strong contrast not be shocking! Once upon a time, a prosperous city was destroyed to the point of "nothing" and "no one". How pathetic! Although this couplet is a scene, it also conveys the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
Design topic, extracurricular exploration
1, "Petals flow like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness." There are usually two explanations for this connection. One explanation is that this is anthropomorphic writing, which means that the capital is ruined by war, as if words and flowers shed tears because of sighing current events like people, and birds are shocked by the departure of the world. There is also a popular explanation: flowers and birds are representative things in spring scenery, which can make people pleasing to the eye, but poets are sad about current events, so they cry when they see flowers bloom; Because I have been away from my hometown for a long time, I feel scared when I hear birds singing. Which explanation do you favor? What is the reason?
2. Contrast is a technique often used in poetry, that is, comparing the right and wrong of a thing with the right and wrong of a thing. This technique is used in the first two sentences of Hope in Spring. Please analyze it.
Research methods:
(1) Collect information about Spring Watch, including notes, lectures, appreciation, comments and background information of different versions.
⑵ Collect the author's information, including his life, chronicle, thoughts and background information.
⑶ Read this poem carefully and gain your own feelings.
(4) refer to all aspects of information and express your views.
Recommended bibliography:
Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, first edition, 1983,12;
Comments on Tang Poetry, edited by Chen Bohai, Zhejiang Education Press, first edition in May,1995;
Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry, edited by Sun Yuhua, Beijing Yanshan Publishing House, 1st edition, 1996, 10.
A Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry, edited by He Xinhui, China Women's Publishing House, first edition in June, 1997.
Tao Daoshu's Collection of Du Fu's Poetry Appreciation, the first edition of Bashu Bookstore, 1993, 10.
Second lesson
Create a situation in the classroom and play a leading role.
The multimedia courseware plays "Looking West at Chang 'an" in Mr. Jiang's famous painting "The Map of Refugees", and the famous Erhu song "Rivers and Rivers" slowly rings.
Read the text aloud and feel as a whole.
Read the poem repeatedly in various forms and read it well. Teachers should pay special attention to reading aloud with emotion, reading out the feelings of the characters and the poet's thoughts and feelings, and understanding the atmosphere of the scene and the artistic conception of the poem.
Understand the words and repeat the text.
Teacher-student interaction and in-depth exploration
1. As a woman, I am deeply touched by the "endless skirt" of the old lady's daughter-in-law. Skirt: In ancient times, it was called undressing. There was little difference between men's and women's clothing in ancient times, and the distinction was not strict. After the Tang Dynasty, it was very popular for women to wear skirts. Men use robes as uniforms, women use skirts as uniforms, and later refer to clothes. How come you don't even have a customer service call? (Living in poverty) Why are you so poor? (war)
2. What kind of war is this? Students have studied history. Please use your notes to talk about this war after class.
In 758 AD, in order to quell the rebellion of An (Lushan) history (Siming), Li Guangbi and other nine our troops led 200,000 troops to besiege Ye (now Anyang, Henan) occupied by An Qingxu (son of An Lushan), and victory was in sight. But the following spring, due to the reinforcements sent by Shi Siming and the internal contradictions in Tang Jun, the situation was reversed. Under the double attack of the enemy, Tang Jun collapsed across the board. Guo Ziyi and others retreated to Heyang (now mengzhou city, Henan) and dispatched reinforcements everywhere. Du Fu had just returned to Huazhou from Luoyang (at that time, the poet Ren Huazhou joined the army and managed local cultural and educational work such as sacrifices, ceremonies, schools, elections and examinations. ), passing through Xin 'an, Shi Hao, Tongguan and other places, he witnessed the sufferings of the people in the war.
It was the war that made the family live in poverty and hardship. Is the old lady's family just poor? What else have they paid for this war? (Two sons died in battle, one son was tricked and widowed, and the old woman volunteered to serve. )
While understanding the fate of this family, further implement the words in the context. Defense: defense. New: Recently. Drag out an ignoble existence: alive. Already: it has stopped, and it extends to the end. Please let me. Answer: Apply. Jude: Not bad.
4. "The ancients sent a man to join the army before he had a brother", but even the old women here had to be recruited to cook in the army, which showed the fierceness and cruelty of the war at that time. Take Tang Shi as evidence:
In the Battle of Chen Tao, more than 40,000 Tang Jun died for their country in one day.
Tongguan campaign, two hundred thousand Tang Jun was wiped out.
When Yecheng fell, Guo Ziyi led ten thousand military forces in Tang Jun, leaving only three thousand. 100,000 employees, almost all lost.
At this time, the Tang dynasty urgently needed to replenish its troops and rally. Which sentence in the poem can illustrate this point? (Some officials arrest people at night)
5. Why not say "conscription", "conscription" and "point soldiers" but "arresting people"?
The word "catch" has quite a spring and autumn brushwork, which shows that this is by no means a normal recruitment, but a random search. This can indeed be called "a derogatory term, stricter than an axe." The connotation of "arresting people" is also very different from that of "arresting able-bodied men". "Man" is a general concept, and the connotation of "Ding" is more specific. According to the Tianbao Law of Xuanzong, "eighteen are men and twenty-two are men" (Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Record of Food Goods). Twenty-two years old is the age of adulthood, but now all adults have been driven away, to the old and weak.
6. Evening: Why do you go out at night?
One thing that shows that the government "catches people" often happens, and people hide or resist during the day and cannot "catch people"; Secondly, it shows that the county officials are vicious, and they suddenly attack in the dark while people are asleep.
7. What does the official face look like from "Why are you angry"? ? (fierce and cruel, like a wolf) Let's put ourselves in the other's shoes. If you stand in the position of an "official"-a junior officer of the army, why is he "angry with an official"?
Officer Shihao is just a junior officer. Isn't it a helpless move to "arrest people at night" at the boss's instigation? He may still have his wife, children and mother at home, and his life may be in jeopardy.
8. This war not only brought great disasters to the lower working people, but also brought deep fear to junior officers like Shi Haoguan. The war has seriously damaged social production, caused poverty and drastically reduced the labor force. "What are the neighbors? One or two old people are widows. " According to historical records, after the Anshi Rebellion, the population of the whole country was only 1.690 Wan Qiang, which was nearly seven tenths less than that of Tianbao in the 13th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. After the war, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline.
People hate this kind of war that destroys the stable and peaceful life. As far as the old woman is concerned, her attitude towards the war is contradictory. On the one hand, resentment and hatred. What are the performances? On the other hand, they actively supported the counter-insurgency war and asked students to reasonably guess and imagine the psychological activities of the old woman at this time according to the created situation.