Definition of flat and oblique: It is the tone of words used in Chinese poetry. Ancient Chinese tones are divided into four tones: flat, rising, going, and entering. Ping refers to the flat tone among the four tones, including the two tones of Yingping and Yangping; flat refers to the flat tone among the four tones, including the three tones of Shang, Lai and Ru. For the pronunciation of characters used in old poems, poems and parallel prose, the flat and oblique tones adjust each other to make the tones harmonious, which is called adjusting the level and oblique tones. *Flat tone: There are two types, basically a gentle and gentle tone. **Yin Ping - quieter voice ** Yang Ping - louder and rising at the end It is divided into four tones: flat, rising, going and entering. There are many explanations in ancient Chinese books.
After the rhythm of modern poetry was gradually finalized in the Tang Dynasty, it has remained popular through the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Books about poetry in bookstores have been selling well. I believe that most people have been enlightened by Tang poetry since childhood. Perhaps, this is the reason why the Chinese people have the poetic rhyme of "Ping Ping Ciao Ze" in their bones. However, liking is one thing and writing is another. The first problem that friends who are new to writing encounter is precisely the constraints imposed on us by our favorite rhythms. After overcoming this difficulty and mastering the rhythm, you can control it and use it to play your most beautiful melody. On the contrary, avoid it and fear it, and it will become a rope that binds you. When others use metrical poetry to sing and couplets, you can only be a spectator of this concert. Otherwise, the notes you produce will be difficult to harmonize with that concert.
Come on! Let's take a look at how difficult this thing is. Perhaps, after you spend a little time and energy, you will say: That's it--it's nothing!
1. Modern metrical poetry
Poetry in ancient my country does not have strict rhythms such as level, counterpoint, and rhyme. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, poetry creation gradually developed in a metrical direction. By the Tang Dynasty, the rhythm of poetry was fully mature and finalized. Because this poetic style that is strictly bound by rhythm, counterpoint, and rhyme was recently formed, people in the Tang Dynasty called it "modern poetry", and it was a poetry style that did not have strict rhythms such as rhythm, counterpoint, and rhyme. It is called "ancient poetry", and "modern poetry" is called "metrical poetry", and it has been used in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to this day.
"Modern style poetry" was summarized in four sentences by predecessors: "There is a certain number of words and sentences, and the balance between flat and oblique must be coordinated; the contrast must be appropriate and neat, and the rhyme and rhyme must be unified." If netizens like the charm of "modern poetry", then they might as well put in some effort to understand these four sentences. If you don't like the constraints of meter, just write modern poetry.
1. What is "quatrain"?
Usually speaking of "quatrains" refers to the seven-character quatrains in modern poetry, referred to as "qijue", and the five-character quatrains "five quatrains". It does not include the ancient style poem "Qi Gu" with seven characters and four sentences, and the ancient style "Wu Gu" with five characters and four sentences.
2. Sentence patterns of quatrains
Both regular verses and quatrains, there are four common basic sentence patterns:
(平)平(仄)仄平 Flat,
(仄) flat flat flat flat flat,
(仄) flat (flat) flat flat flat,
(flat) flat (仄) Flat and flat.
(仄)仄平仄仄,
平平仄仄平,
(平)平平任仄,
(仄) Flat and flat.
Note () can be flat or flat
The combination is four formats each
Qijue format (1) The first sentence is flat and flat< /p>
(平)平(仄)仄仄平平
(仄)仄平平任仄平
(仄)仄(平)平任仄
(平)平(仄)仄仄平平
Qijue format (2) The first sentence is flat and flat
(平)平 (仄)仄平仄 ,
(仄)仄平仄仄平
(仄)仄(平)平平任仄
(平)平(仄)任仄平平
Qijue format (3) The first sentence is flat and flat
(仄) flat flat flat flat flat flat
( flat) flat ( flat) flat flat flat flat finish
(平)平(仄)仄平仄,
(仄)仄平平任仄平
Qijue format (4) First sentence 仄起仄 Receive
(仄)仄(平)平平任仄
(平)平(仄)任仄平平
(平)平(仄)仄 Ping Ping Ze,
(仄) Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping
Five Jue Patterns (1) The first sentence is leveled up
(Ping) Ping Ping Ping Ping < /p>
Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping
(Ping) Ping Ping Ping Ping
(Ping) Ping Ping Ping Ping
Five Jue Format (2) First Sentence 廄 rises and ends
(仄) 仄平仄,
平平仄仄平
(平) 平平仄仄
( 廄)廄廄平平
Five unique formats (3) The first sentence is flat and flat
平平廄仄平
(仄)廄仄平平
(仄)廄平平廄,
平平廄廄平
五极式(4) The first sentence is flat and flat.
平)平 平廄仄
(仄)仄仄平平
(仄)仄平平仄,
平平仄仄平
3. Simple What is the tone?
The tone of the tone is the basis of the rhythm of poetry, and it is also the most troublesome thing for beginners. You don’t have to use flat water rhyme to make it catchy. For beginners, it is enough to know that in Chinese Pinyin, the first and second tones (Yinping, Yangping) are flat, and the third and fourth tones are qi. As for the entering tone, they can slowly master it while learning.
4. Briefly explain what rhyme is
Writing poetry requires rhyme. According to the meter, the rhyme of a poem should be unified. That is to say, you can only use words in the same rhyme part, not words without rhyme or rhyming with other rhyme parts. Beginners should buy a rhyme book "Pei Wen Shi Yun" (Ping Shui Yun), or download it from the Internet. Commonly used words can be found in "Peiwen Shiyun". The first lines of quatrains and rhymed poems generally may or may not rhyme. The last words of the second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences must rhyme. If a poem does not rhyme, it is called rhyme or falling rhyme. In ancient scientific examinations, rhyme was judged to be a failure. When writing poems, you should rhyme in flat tones. Modern people can write poems according to "Pingshui Rhyme" or the new rhyme of modern Chinese Pinyin, but they cannot be mixed.
5. Rhymed poetry
There are two types of rhythmic poetry, seven-character rhythmic poetry and five-character rhythmic poetry. Usually, the seven-character rhythmic poetry or the five-character rhythmic poetry refers to each eight-character rhythmic poetry, and the other seven-character rhythmic poetry Phrase pattern and five-character pattern refer to long rhythms of more than eight sentences. As the name suggests, rhyme poetry is a metrical poetry style like quatrains. One of its characteristics is that except for the first and last two sentences, all sentences must be in pairs and must not rhyme wrongly, even if they are hundreds of times long. sentence, we must also follow this rule.
6. Sticky (sticky) and pairing
The odd-numbered sentences such as the first, third, fifth, and seventh of the poem are called the upper (out) sentences, and conversely, the even-numbered sentences are the lower (pairing) sentences. )sentence. The upper sentence is the opposite of the lower sentence and is called "right". If it is wrong, it is "wrong". The two sentences form a couplet, and the upper sentence of the latter couplet is the same as the lower sentence of the previous couplet. If it is called "sticky", it is wrongly called "loss of stickiness".
Take the first sentence of the Qijue format (1) as an example:
(平)平(仄)仄仄平平—last sentence
(仄) 仄平平仄仄平 - the next sentence. Basically the opposite of the previous sentence (the first four characters). Two sentences form a couplet
(仄)仄(平)平平仄仄-the upper sentence and the lower sentence of the first couplet are basically the same. (First four characters)
(平)平(仄)廄廄平平-the next sentence is the opposite of the previous sentence.
7. Conversions and changes of format
The rhythm of poetry should be strict but flexible, and there can be exceptions and changes of format. In modern poetry, there is a saying that "one, three, and five are irrelevant, but two, four, and six are clear." That is, the 1,35 characters of each sentence of a seven-character poem are not required to be flat (five characters, one or three characters), while the second, forty and sixth characters must be strictly observed (five characters, 24 characters). But for the two sentence patterns of (组)组平平廄廄平 and 平平廄组平, the third character of seven characters and the first character of five characters must be used in flat tone. Otherwise, it will be awkward, that is, "lonely and flat", which is a taboo for poets. If a oblique tone is used, it must be compensated with a flat tone character in the fifth character of the sentence (the third character of the five-character tone). This is called "isolated rescue".
8. The antithesis of verses
Each of the five verses and the seven verses has eight lines, forming four couplets, namely the first couplet, the neck couplet, the abdominal couplet, and the tail couplet.
The upper and lower sentences of the two couplets in the middle should be in opposition. Contrasts should be based on the requirements of corresponding tones and tones, corresponding parts of speech and meanings, and corresponding grammatical and sentence patterns. There are two taboos in antithesis: one is "joining hands", that is, the upper and lower sentences in a couplet are opposite each other with synonyms, so that the two sentences have basically the same meaning. The second is that the two alliances fight in the same way. The sentence structure of the two couplets should be varied to avoid repetition and dullness. The contrast should be natural, neat and smooth.
9 The writing and composition of quatrains
Predecessors have many insightful opinions on the writing of quatrains. The method of quatrains is that the noble words are shallow and the feelings are deep. If the meaning is not deep, the words will be thin and the words will not be clear.
p>
Simple means obscure. It is vague but not revealing, there are overtones, the sentence is complete but the meaning is not complete.
The structure of quatrains is beginning, succession, transition and conclusion. Generally, it starts with the first sentence, continues with the second sentence, turns with the third sentence, and concludes with the fourth sentence. The first and second sentences are important, but they are always foreshadowing. The most important thing is the transition of the third sentence. It is best to make the transition both unexpected and reasonable. The fourth sentence just goes with the flow, and the whole artistic conception comes out.
10. The writing and organization of rhythmic poetry
The organization of rhythmic poetry and quatrains are roughly the same, including beginning, succession, transition and conclusion, but they are based on couplets, with the first couplet
p>Start, connect with the neck, connect with the abdomen, and connect with the tail. But the most critical part of the verse is the confrontation between the two couplets in the middle and the relationship and changes between the two couplets. This is often the highlight of the poem. Since the number of words in rhymed poetry is more than that of quatrains, the expression can be more rigorous and leisurely.
11. The syntax of metrical poetry
The syntax of five-character poems is generally 2-3. The words are divided into upper 2 and lower 3. In the first 2, they can be 1-1 and lower. 3 can be divided into 2-1 or 1-2. The syntax of seven-character sentences is generally in the 4-3 format, with characters divided into upper 4 and lower 3. The first 4 can be 3-1 or 2-2, and the lower 3 can be divided into 2-1 or 1-2. There are also 2-5 or 5-2, and even 1-3-3 sentence patterns. Be flexible when writing.
Modern poetry has two characteristics in its grammatical structure: omissions and inversions are allowed, which is not allowed in prose.
12. Rhythm of metrical poetry
Rhythm poetry has composition, syntax, and glyphs. Calligraphy, also known as word refining, is the most important word in a poem. It is the center word "predicate" of the predicate. If you refine this word well, it can play the role of "drawing a dragon".
The effect of "the finishing touch" is as the saying goes, "a word is worth a thousand pieces of gold". The famous allusion of "examination" is this word.
Attached is "Miscellaneous Commentary on the Essential Methods of Poetry"
The essential methods of ancient poetry: When writing ancient poems, the style and syntax must be ancient, and the general idea and narrative should be established first, and then the writing will be completed. The veins are connected, the mind is uninterrupted, and it is completely visible.
Five-character ancient poems: When five-character ancient poems arise, are compared to other poems, or are composed as poems, they must have profound meanings, gentle subterfuge, repeated leisurely movements, and be graceful and unhurried. Some are feeling the past and nostalgic for the present, some are nostalgic for others and hurt oneself, or some are free and easy. The description of scenery should be elegant and light, touching the deepest emotions in people's hearts, describing the subtle meaning of emotion, the joys and sorrows should be subtle but not hurtful, the beauty and thorns should be melodious but not exposed, and it should have the meaning of three hundred chapters.
The Seven-Character Ancient Poetry: A seven-character ancient poem must first be narrated, have openings and closings, be graceful, convey dangers and monsters, be majestic and sonorous, and avoid vulgarity and corruption. The waves must open and close, just like the waves in the river and sea. One wave is not flat, but another wave rises again. Another example is the formation of a military strategist, who thinks it is right, and then it becomes strange again. It thinks it is strange, but then it becomes right again. The changes in and out cannot be traced.
Essential methods of quatrains: The method of quatrains should be graceful and loopy, cut out and simplify, and the sentences should be complete but the meaning should not be exhausted. The third sentence should be the main one, and the fourth sentence should be based on it. There are real connections and imaginary connections. Between the connections, opening and closing are related, reverse and positive are dependent on each other, smooth and reverse are corresponding. With each exhalation and inhalation, the palace and shang are in harmony with themselves. It is generally difficult to start two sentences, but it is better to describe it in a straightforward manner and to accept it calmly. The entire transformation process is in the third sentence. If this changes for the better, the fourth sentence will be like a boat traveling along the current.
Initiation, inheritance, transfer and combination: Breaking the topic - or raising the scene, or comparing it, or causing something to happen, or raising the topic. It should be sudden and lofty, like a strong wind and rolling waves, and its momentum is about to surge to the sky. Jaw couplets - either freehand brushwork, scene descriptions, written events, or quotations from events. This link should connect to the problem. It should be like the pearl of Lilong, which can be hugged and never taken off. Neck couplet - or freehand brushwork, scene description, calligraphy, using quotations, corresponding to the meaning of the previous couplet. To change, like thunder breaking through the mountains, the onlookers are shocked. Conclusion - whether it is to conclude the topic, or to start a step, or to convey the meaning of the preceding couplet, or to use something, a sentence must be left to end the sentence. Just like the pole of "Shan River", it goes away and returns by itself, saying that it is endless and endless.
Sentence method: Seven words - loud, powerful, sonorous, strong, lofty, five words - quiet, profound and meticulous. Five or seven words, although the sentences are different, the law is the same. To start a sentence, you must first occupy a broad position, be high and far-reaching, and not be content with it. The syntax of the two couplets in the middle is either four-character or two-character. It needs to be coherent, the phonetics should be consistent, and the duality should be balanced up and down. There are two sentences: those who have the same idea, and those who have different ideas. If the first couplet has a different meaning, the second couplet must also agree. The first couplet is a chant, and the second couplet must talk about important events. It is most taboo for two couplets to have the same rules. The neck couplet conveys the change of meaning and requires more substantive words. The characters are naturally loud and the syntax is sound. The last couplet should be able to open one step, and it is also wonderful to have a combination of luck and business.
Words in the poem: There are words in the poem. Those with two eyes are wonderful, but those with three eyes are not. Moreover, the word "Lian Mian" is used in the second couplet, which should not be ordinary. The word "Mian" in the middle must also be avoided. Most of the five-party words are in the third, second, fourth, or fifth character. The word in the third word: Gujiao is sad and desolate, and the stars are falling on the Xiaoshan Mountain. The river lotus shakes its white feathers, and the sky thorns grow green silk.
The word in the second word: the golden peacock is spread out on the screen, and the hibiscus is embroidered on the mattress. It is as green as the grass outside the lake, and as red as the clouds in the east of the sea. The word in the fifth word: Two rows of straight Qin trees, thousands of points on the top of Shushan. The world is wet with fragrant mist and clouds, and the jade arms are cold with clear splendor.
The words in the second and fifth words: The sails of the river are hidden in the ground, and the leaves of the trees are clear in the sky. The smoke in the wild is thin, and the sun shines late in the sand.
Hidden characters hide meaning: the seven-character formula is more difficult than the five-character formula. The characters under the seven-character formula are thicker and more prominent, while the characters under the five-character formula are more delicate. If the seven words can be cut into five directions, it will not become a poem, and the words must be removed to form a complete poem. Therefore, the sentence should hide the words, and the words should hide the meaning. It is like a continuous couplet, which is wonderful.
If you think it’s good, please adopt it!