"That man actually wants to write!" When people hear that you want to be a writer, or just write something, they may sigh like this. You are obviously different from others. You have to express and communicate with some mysterious force. Some people say that writing is a genius and mediocrity, and genius is always rare. Can this process be shared? I'm afraid only I know. Even if your work is made public one day, it will not be understood by most people, or even passed by and sealed. Aren't those authors who have long been famous lonely? You might as well take a look at their works, as long as this fame does not explode, you can see some clues. Escape from the world is just one of the ways to return to this loneliness. ?
In ancient China, there was a tradition of seclusion, which was closely related to the living environment and the changes of the times. Wei and Jin Dynasties was a peak, and "hermit" was the representative. Don't use it if you hide it. However, this kind of "seclusion" often has a strong political appeal and is quite utilitarian, while the "seclusion" in literature is similar to this, but there are also differences. The biggest thing is that it is not utilitarian, and writing has such characteristics. Cao Pi's so-called "writing about the great cause of the country" is just a rhetoric to meet the needs of governance, and different identities may have different endings. Writing is more about specific people, at least at the beginning. You want to be a writer, write excellent works, and then write, that's all. As for the task, that is later. "Mission" is "existence", while "writing" is "nothing", making something out of nothing.
Tao Yuanming was an early recluse writer. He worked as an official for decades, and when he reached middle age, he finally knew that he belonged to the kind of pastoral called poetry. Even though he was tired of government affairs, he did not give up writing.
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
How "locked in a cage for a long time, returning to nature." Isn't writing a natural thing? Tao Yuanming's most sincere poem was written at this time: "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan", and people and poetry are one.
Wang Wei, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, was also a hermit. In his later years, he even fled into Zen, which was really hard to get. Supposedly, if a person believes in Buddhism, it is good to fast and recite scriptures every day. Why write a poem? Wang Wei was an official all his life, and his official position was not low, but he was famous for his poems. "All the kings of Xue Ning are attached to the door of horses and welcome them." He is a poet at heart and has nothing to do with being an official.
After middle age, I have a strong kind heart, and I didn't settle down at the edge of Mount Zhongnan until my later years.
Interest concentration is often unique to play and have a happy thing to enjoy self-appreciation.
Sometimes go to the end of the water to seek the source, or sit and watch the ever-changing clouds rise.
Occasionally I met a village elder in the Woods, and I chatted with him until I often forgot to go home.
"I will walk until the water reaches my path, and then sit and watch Yun Qi" is similar to Tao Yuanming's "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely". "Moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream" in "Autumn Night in the Mountain" is a portrayal of Wang Wei's mentality at that time, so why say more?
Not to mention Su Dongpo's ups and downs in life and bumpy career, but his persistence in writing can be compared with the above two. It's just that Dongpo's "seclusion" is passive, and the court will demote you and move you, and will not discuss with you, so it says, "Ask you about your career, Huangzhou Huizhou Danzhou." What is this "achievement"? Obviously it is a lingering "shame", but Dongpo is not an ordinary person. Everywhere he goes, he has happy days:
In Huangzhou, he reclaimed a wasteland called Dongpo and built a hut called Tang Xue not far away. The world is full of troubles, but there is Dongpo Tang Xue to inhabit. Life is like this, why not?
In Huizhou, he called himself "Lingnan man". The smoky wilderness has become a "paradise". People in the DPRK thought that his life had sunk to the bottom, but he boasted that he was a carefree fairy on earth and said, "Isn't Lingnan good?" However, this peace of mind is my hometown. "
In Danzhou, he called himself "Boer". Although he is already white-haired and frail, he might as well live a real and lively life. Just as Su Shi said, "The world can accompany the jade emperor, and you can accompany beggars when you leave the field. "He can be an unattainable saint or a down-to-earth Shu Ren.
Living and writing like this is enviable.
Modern Zhou Zuoren, Fei Ming and others inherited the mantle of the ancients. Zhou Zuoren had his own garden, and Fei Ming, as his favorite pupil, did it himself. When he learned that his teacher Zhou Zuoren had been expelled, he left school angrily. First, he lived in seclusion in Zhenghuangqi Farmhouse in Xishan, a suburb of Beijing for one year, and then moved his family to his hometown in Huangmei County, Hubei Province on 1937, where he taught and wrote for ten years. Under the present circumstances, their "seclusion" is inevitably criticized by people, but in writing, this "seclusion" does keep the position of "literature" to a certain extent. During this period, Zhou Zuoren wrote a lot of "peaceful and diluted" prose, which became a model of later prose; Fei Ming also wrote a "special" biography for Xu You. What is right and wrong is left to future generations to comment.
There are also many such writers in contemporary times. For example, Haizi, a poet known as the "Lonely Prince", rests in his own wheat field. Why did he choose to commit suicide? There have always been different opinions such as "significance", and privately think that this move is actually an escape from the world. Has he finished his work? Unknown. Various versions are trying to present this behavior of Haizi. Thus, the poet's death was consumed by madness. His death is more or less inseparable from writing. Aside from other identities, Haizi is first and foremost a poet, and his persistence in writing has surpassed that of most writers. Of course, I'm not saying that you must commit suicide if you exceed it. Everyone has a different way. There are also differences in ways of avoiding the world. "Being hidden in the city" is also a kind of "avoiding the world", which is related to the soul.
Liu Liangcheng lived in a "one-man village" day after day and year after year. He lives in this village. He wrote about this village, but nothing else. What he wrote was just a very ordinary village. Where is such a village? But if he didn't live, think and devote himself wholeheartedly, he couldn't have written a work like One's Village. He chose "small" instead of "big" and "detail" instead of "concept".
"The home in one's heart is not just a house of one's own, but a life spent in this house for many years. Although the house is low, old and poor, those golden life plots piled in the corner of the house are only enjoyed by you and your family, and others can't see them. When you walk into this house, you will immediately realize that you are home. Even if you leave home for many years and come back, you will never forget the way back to this home. " Only personal experience can be so sincere.
Mu Xin is also an out-and-out "hermit". He has experienced a lot in his life, from aristocratic children to down-and-out workers, and he has tasted all the ups and downs. He never said a word "bitter". In prison that year, he wrote a 650,000-word "Prison Notes", which required great courage and tenacity. The evaluation of his literary achievements has always been controversial and quite common. For example, I think the song "Once Slow" is a bit "empty". But his persistence in writing is worthy of recognition.
Another writer named Andrew West can also be classified as a "hermit". He turned his eyes to the "field" described in Things on the Earth: "I have observed three ways in which ants build nests. Small ants build nests, spit wet soil particles at the nest mouth, and build small wine glasses, stoves, graves, castles or loose beehives, towering above the ground; The nest mouth of medium-sized ants is evenly and beautifully scattered with soil particles, which are bell-shaped or spring-shaped, like a black flower blooming on the earth; Big ants nest like northerners, casually and roughly, without any details. They take the particles far away and throw them away at will, just like farmers sowing in a big step. " Does it remind you of the ancients again? Tao Yuanming's Picking Chrysanthemums, Wang Wei's Looking at the Clouds and Su Dongpo's Spitting Litchi. There is a feeling of coming back.
In fact, "reclusive" writers are not unique to China. Looking abroad, we can also give a few examples:
Rousseau, a French thinker, is one of them. He lived in Paris in his early years, about 15. One day, he suddenly went to the country and never came back. What is he doing in the country? Just writing! He probably thinks that a metropolis like Paris is not suitable for a writer. During this period, he wrote a famous political work "On Civil Contract", which is one of the famous classic works in the history of world politics. His political views had a great influence on the French Revolution. Emile is a monograph on education, which briefly introduces his unique and free educational thoughts and is a classic work on children's education. Although Rousseau was criticized for this book when he was alive, his unique educational thought not only had a far-reaching impact on the later educational theory, but also became the driving force of the French Revolution. The publication of the autobiographical novel "New Arrow Si Qi" has become a well-known best seller, translated into many languages and swept all over Europe. If it weren't for avoiding the world, these great works would be scarce in this world.
Tolstoy is one of them. Old Joe is a noble child, but he lives in seclusion. Yasana-Pogliana means "bright and beautiful forest" in Russian. This noble manor is more than 200 miles away from Moscow, with dense forests and wide fields. This is the place where Tolstoy was born and buried.
It is said that Tolstoy often visited Moriko with his three brothers when he was a child, which was called the "old forbidden zone". His eldest brother Nicholas told him that there was a small green stick buried in this forest with all kinds of secrets written on it. If someone discovers it, he can know the mystery of human happiness. At that time, he was only five years old, and finding a small green stick became his lifelong dream.
Tolstoy doesn't like prosperity, and his Jasner mansion is simple and practical. He doesn't care about food and clothing, a simple diet is enough. Usually he only wears an ordinary Russian shirt, which is linen in summer and wool in winter. He is an ordinary and diligent worker, and also an enthusiastic athlete, beekeeper, gardener and farmer, especially fond of hunting and horseback riding. 10 2, he wrote in his diary: "An unfortunate thing happened to me. My horse is ill. Veterinarians say it has respiratory problems and asthma. I don't believe I can't ride well ... ".
His early life was pleasant, during which two immortal masterpieces, War and Peace and anna karenine, were born. The former took six years, while the latter only took two years. Literature became his boat in search of the little green stick. He sailed in the ocean of life all his life until he walked out of the manor in his later years and became a meteor like Descartes. 191010/On October 28th, at a small station in Aspevo, he was killed by pneumonia. According to his will, he was buried in the forest with a small green stick. His simple tomb, like his works, makes everyone unforgettable.
Others, such as Heidegger, have their own "black forest", where he spent the rest of his life wandering on the earth like a thinking poet. Wittgenstein also built a hut and began his writing journey. In addition, there is another school of Italian poetry called Hermit School. Most of their works express their feelings, paying special attention to capturing "moments" or describing natural scenery in fragments to express their inner loneliness. The reality is so cruel that I have to seek comfort in my own world. Representative poets are Montalais, Kwazimodo and Weng Garetti. Among them, Kwazimodo and Montalais were 1959 and 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature laureates respectively. Weng Garetti (1888 ~ 1970) was influenced by French symbolism and Italian futurism in his early years. He is good at describing people's inner world with accurate and expressive poems. Other poets belonging to this school are Saba (1883 ~ 1957) and Luqi (19 14 ~).
All the hermit writers mentioned above have one thing in common-they all rush to write, and writing is their destination. They returned to their "initial heart" by "avoiding the world". Where's Dugu? Just write it down.
So are there any such "reclusive" writers today? I looked around, as if I really found a few. For example, Ye Fu, a treasure hunter in Dali, "lived in seclusion" and collected disciples to write books, which made a lot of noise and no masterpiece was born; A gentleman in Hunan lived in seclusion in a cave for more than ten years and devoted himself to writing a dream of red mansions, which is said to be Cao Xueqin's upper body. Another pioneer writer, Yin Hongfeng, lived in seclusion somewhere in Yunnan, but he had no intention of writing and started farming, and so on.
In this way, "avoiding the world" may not necessarily produce good writers and works; If you continue to dig deeper, you may not be able to become a good writer and write good works without avoiding the world. For example, Du Mu and Liu Yong wander around Goulan all the year round, still thinking and writing like gods; For example, Hemingway, an American writer, is a good hand in life. How can he be willing to "avoid the world"? He is not famous in the literary world. For example, Bukowski, a German-American poet and novelist, is really bohemian and never leaves his side, but it does not prevent people from being possessed by poetry.
The "hermit" writers I listed stand out among writers and are still remembered by people today, not only because of their "seclusion", but because they can stick to their true selves in the loneliness of writing. In fact, a writer can't be far away from his time. The only thing he can do is to find himself as much as possible and build his own "tower of literature".
Whether to avoid the world is not the key here, but in the author himself, his innate talent and acquired cultivation. I think of a sentence "Don't borrow or read books". In fact, it doesn't matter if you really want to read it, and so does writing.