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Chongqing
catch sb's attention
People have given it countless titles.
It's foggy.
Known as the "foggy city"
There are tall buildings everywhere.
A strong sense of hierarchy
Known as "Cyberpunk"
Its road and rail transportation.
Heaven goes to earth, flying over the eaves and walking over the walls.
Known as "3D Magic"
except for...
Various labels such as "Hotpot Capital" and "Bridge Capital"
It can be called the city with the most new labels in China
Numerous labels attract
Countless tourists flocked to Chongqing.
Travel travel
Ranked first in the country for three consecutive years.
(Schematic diagram of tourist ranking of China tourist cities in 2065438+2008, drawing @ Zheng Borong/Planet College)
However, Chongqing is by no means
Temporary "Internet celebrities"
When we look at it from a geographical point of view,
You will find
On the surface of Chongqing
Dozens of mountains extend from northeast to southwest.
Almost parallel arrangement
Like the strings of the earth
Stringega
There are more towering mountains on the periphery.
It constitutes the "imprisonment" of Chongqing's development.
A powerful force
(Chongqing Satellite Image, Cartography @ Chen Zhihao/Planetary Institute)
But Chongqing
But there is another force of nature.
And the efforts of countless ordinary Chongqing people.
Unlock this power.
And built himself.
The hottest world in China.
0 1
The confinement of mountains
For hundreds of millions of years, on the land of China,
Continuous orogeny
Surrounded by mountains in the southwest corner of China today.
The middle part is relatively concave.
A huge basin was born.
Sichuan Basin
But in the basin,
Not "all men are created equal"
Its western and central parts are relatively flat.
Suitable for human development
Especially the fertile Chengdu Plain.
It was born as early as three or four thousand years ago.
Sanxingdui, Jinsha and other splendid ancient cultures.
East and periphery of the basin
The total proportion of mountains and hills is over 96%
The flat land is only 2.5%
This land is
Chongqing
(Current Topography and Mapping of Sichuan Basin @ Chen Zhihao/Planetary Institute)
Its north.
It is the majestic Daba Mountain.
Yintiaoling in the east of Daba Mountain
2796.8 meters above sea level
It is the highest peak in Chongqing.
southeast
It is the Wuling mountain area with continuous mountains.
And most other places in the region.
This is a rare mountain in the world.
Parallel ridges and valleys
About 1 billion years ago
The originally flat Chongqing plot
Strongly squeezed by neighboring plots in the southeast.
The lower stratum of Chongqing block is deep and hard.
So the deformation is small.
The upper soft sedimentary rocks bear pressure.
Fractures occur one after another.
And gradually migrated to the basin.
Within 400 kilometers west of Xuefeng Mountain and east of Huayingshan Fault.
Dozens of parallel folded mountains have been formed.
That is, parallel ridges and valleys in eastern Sichuan
Please watch it on the horizontal screen. The profile of parallel ridges and valleys in eastern Sichuan shows that Qiyao Mountain is also called Qiyue Mountain, and the map is @ Zheng Borong &; Cloud dancing empty &; Chen Zhihao/Planetary Institute)
they
Run through the earth from northeast to southwest.
Stretch for thousands of miles
Overlooking from the air
Like a string buried in the ground.
In ...
The westernmost parallel ridges and valleys
Huayingshan
It became the dividing line between the two worlds in Sichuan Basin.
To the east are the mountainous areas of Chongqing and East Sichuan.
To the west are the plains and hills of Sichuan.
Parallel ridges and valleys in the northeast
It was blocked by the Daba Mountain advancing to the south.
Turn gradually
And combine them into a whole.
The resulting Wushan Mountain
It has also become the last shackle that blocks the northeast edge of the basin.
done
Daba Mountain, Wushan Mountain and Wuling Mountain
And dozens of parallel ridges and valleys.
Blocked the communication between Chongqing and the outside world.
It also made the development of early civilization in Chongqing particularly difficult.
(Chongqing Topography, Cartography @ Chen Zhihao &; Zheng Borong/Planetary Institute)
but
When god closes your door.
Always leave a window for you.
It will reach the soft river.
Made handfuls of swords
Vowing to break the shackles that imprison Chongqing.
02
Take water as a sword
Chongqing is rich in precipitation.
The annual average precipitation exceeds 1000 mm.
And the strong mountain uplift process before.
Causing a large number of carbonate rocks to surface.
The total area is as high as 39600km?
It accounts for nearly 48% of the total area of Chongqing.
Such a large area of carbonate rocks
Soluble in water
It has formed an extremely outstanding
karst landform
(Schematic diagram of karst landform distribution in Chongqing, drawing @ Chen Zhihao/Planetary Institute)
Rare.
A giant karst peak at an altitude of 2238 meters.
Jinfoshan
Because of its steep environment and gentle top.
Instead, it is visually defined as
"Karst Table Mountain"
There are countless underground.
The unfathomable "underworld"
(Please watch it on the horizontal screen, indicating the main karst landforms in Chongqing. The picture shows @ Zheng Borong/Planet Institute)
include
The deepest shaft known in China.
It can reach 1000 meters vertically.
include
The longest known super ground fissure in the world.
Fengjie ground fissure group
The total length is about 37 kilometers.
The maximum depth is 229 meters
The minimum width is only 1 m.
(Feng Jie sews, the picture is from @ Huitu. com)
include
The deepest sinkhole in the world
Fengjie Xiaozhai Tiankeng
It is as deep as 662 meters.
You can put the tallest man-made building in China
Shanghai Tower (632m)
Easy to merge
Such a deep sinkhole
Nested by upper and lower layers
It is an underground cave in different periods.
Formed by two collapses
(Schematic diagram of the formation of Fengjie Xiaozhai Tiankeng @ Zheng Borong/Planetary Research Institute)
In Wulong, Chongqing
The sides of two adjacent sinkholes collapsed.
Created a magical
Tianshengsan bridge
Tianlong Bridge, Qinglong Bridge and Heilong Bridge
San ge Tian sheng bridge
Separated by Tianlong pit and Condor pit.
The wonder of its combination
It can be called "uncanny workmanship"
but
Water simulation of carbonate rocks
Still just "tinkering"
It is impossible to fundamentally lift the geographical restrictions in Chongqing.
Only when these currents
Gather into a stream, gather into a river.
Gather into a super river.
The river turned into a sword.
Chop on the mountain
The opportunity for breakthrough will come.
The Sichuan basin is high in the north and low in the south.
The surrounding rivers all flow to the south.
Chongqing is located in the southeast of the basin.
Contains a large number of rivers
South of the Yangtze river
Qijiang, Wujiang and other rivers.
Most of them ran directly from the southeast mountainous area.
rapids and shoals
North of the Yangtze river
Jialing River, Dahe River, Xiaojiang River, etc.
It has been winding for a long time.
The river runs through the mountains.
Create many canyons
take for example
Longmen Gorge, Eighth Five-Year Gorge and Cuidi Gorge on Daning River.
Three Gorges, Wangqin Gorge and Changtan Gorge on the Madu River.
Liyuan Gorge, Garden Gorge and Grain Rain Gorge on the Yajiang River.
Some people may say.
Various "Three Gorges" are all over Chongqing.
(Schematic diagram of distribution of major canyons in Chongqing, cartography @ Chen Zhihao/Planetary Institute)
In ...
The largest tributary of the Yangtze river basin
Jialing river
Most special
It's not like an ordinary river.
Flowing along the valley
Instead, it ran into several mountains in parallel valleys.
Cut off Wuyun Mountain, Jinyun Mountain and Zhongliang Mountain.
Formed another group of "Little Three Gorges"
Namely Bili Gorge, Wentang Gorge and Guanyin Gorge.
(The Three Gorges of Jialing River, the valley sandwiched by two nearby mountains is Beibei District, Chongqing. The picture is provided by Wu. )
Investigate the reason.
Because before the parallel ridges and valleys rise,
Jialing River flows through here.
afterwards
Parallel ridges and valleys rise upward.
Jialing River began to stubbornly
Erosion downward on the basis of the original river course.
It can be described as earth-shaking changes.
I passed five levels and killed six generals.
(Indicate the formation of the Three Gorges of Jialing River, the picture shows @ Zheng Borong &; Chen Zhihao/Planetary Institute)
on the other hand
It is located in the northeast of Chongqing
Wushan Mountain, which hinders the communication between Chongqing and the outside world.
Encountered a greater challenge from the river.
Millions of years ago
Take Wushan as the watershed
The ancient Yangtze River
Flowing from west to east to Jianghan basin
An ancient Sichuan river
Flowing from east to west to Sichuan basin
Two rivers are eroding Wushan mountain range.
Under a two-stage attack
Wushan has been cut through.
The confluence of the ancient Sichuan River and the ancient Yangtze River.
Flowing eastward into the sea together
The Yangtze River is officially connected.
Become the mother river that feeds Chinese civilization.
(The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River indicates that the time when Wushan was penetrated is controversial in academic circles, ranging from tens of millions of years ago to hundreds of thousands of years ago; Cartography @ Zheng Borong &; The wind is gloomy &; Chen Zhihao/Planetary Institute)
And the road through Wushan
Left a magnificent legacy of this battle between the mountains and rivers.
Three Gorges on the Yangtze
As people say
(This poem is from the fourth part of Yuan Zhen's Five Thoughts Poems)
"Once the sea was difficult for water, it was always amber."
so far
Rivers in Sichuan Basin
Gather in Chongqing
The Yangtze River in Chongqing passes through the Three Gorges again.
Communication with the outside world
Closed Sichuan basin
Finally, there is a super channel.
Communicate with the outside world
Chongqing
Because it is located at the intersection of rivers.
Become the water system of Sichuan basin
Golden crossroads
(Schematic diagram of modern water system distribution in Sichuan Basin, drawing @ Chen Zhihao/Planetary Institute)
but
There are so many mountains in Chongqing.
Maybe it can carry a human town.
Building a prosperous metropolis
But this is not easy.
The first half of the 20th century
American sinologist Fei Zhengqing.
Overlooking Chongqing from the porthole of the plane
say
(Quoted from Chongqing Old Town)
"This place is not suitable for human habitation because there is no flat land."
And the famous writer Zhang Henshui.
When I lived in Chongqing, I also said
(Quoted from Chongqing Old Town)
"(Chongqing) is rugged and has not expanded."
What should we do?
Does Chongqing still have the conditions to rise?
Yes!
It is the key force to rewrite the fate of Chongqing.
Not the royal family
Not the prince and the prince.
But countless ordinary people.
Limin hero
They get together.
It has formed a powerful force to break through geographical restrictions.
Go through three stages
Finally, it created a hot metropolis.
(Click on the avatar to enter the home page and continue reading "What is Chongqing (II)")
... is over ...
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