The master is sincere and suitable, Yami is dry and suitable for Chu, three meters are dazzling and suitable for Cai, and four meters are short of Qin. Uncle Fang entered the river, Tuo entered the Han, Yang and Gong Xiang entered the sea.
Master: It can also be called "Tai Shi", that is, the length of a musician. That is, the chief and deputy chief of the court band is Shao Shi.
Freedom: from beginning to end, the original meaning is "to" and "to". For example, the Book of Songs: "Death will come to you and make a paradise for you." There are also people who point out marriage, such as "Ancient Poetry as Jiao Zhongqing's Wife": "If you are poor and have this daughter, you should only return to your hometown." Suitability also has the same meaning, such as the Book of Songs: "Meeting is suitable for me." It also means "comfortable" and "just right", such as "just right".
Wisdom: In the Spring and Autumn Period, the word "teacher" was basically used to address teachers. For example, Jin was a musician named Kuang, and Shi Juan of Wei and Shi Xiang of Lu were famous musicians at that time. A similar name is: Chef Ding. You Meng, an actor named Meng.
Asian rice: ancient emperors and princes played music while eating. Yafan is a musician who plays music at the second meal. "Three meals", "four meals" and so on.
Gan, Xuan, Fei, Fang Shu, Wu, Yang and Xiang are all musicians' names, which can be called Gan, Xuan, Fei, Fang Shu, Wu, Yang and Xiang. Among them, the teacher Xiang who attacked the Qing Dynasty was Shi Xiangzi, and Confucius once worshipped him as a teacher.
Rivers: Especially the Yellow River.
Tao: Sowing and shaking. Torreya grandis, with a long handle, has small flexible ears on both sides of the drum body. When you shake the handle, drum on both sides of your ears. Commonly known as "rattle".
Sea: Tianchi is also a place where hundreds of rivers are accepted. From water to everything, that is to say, the sea is composed of every drop of water. The original meaning of "sea" is the sea, such as Li Si's "Advice Book": "Rivers and seas do not choose small streams."
The "sea" mentioned by the ancients is not necessarily the sea in the present concept, and the lake is also called the sea. For example, Mencius said, "Sun Shuai lifts the sea." Among them, the sea refers to the lake, and another example is "Biography of Han Su Wu": "There is nowhere on the North Sea". The "North Sea" mentioned here is Lake Baikal, which is now located in the south of eastern Siberia, Russia. At present, some ethnic minorities still call lakes "sea", such as "Qinghai" and "Erhai".
The sea also refers to the unrestrained public, such as eating and drinking the sea.
The full text is understood as:
Lu musician fled to Qi, Asian musician Gan fled to Chu, third musician Liao fled to Cai, fourth musician Xiao fled to Qin, drummer Fang Shu fled to the Yellow River, drummer Wu fled to Hanshui, and musician Yang and drummer Xiang fled to the seaside.
Lu was the feudal state of the Duke of Zhou, the protector and executor of Zhou Li. There is a saying that "Zhou's rites are all in Lu", and Lu has also been specially approved by the Duke of Zhou, so he can use the "gift of the son of heaven", such as Shao Yue, and only Lu can play among the vassal States. When offering sacrifices to ancestors, only Lu can use music. In order to inherit "Zhou Li" better, Confucius was also sent by Lu to study abroad, and Confucius also worshipped Laozi as his teacher. Confucius is not only a "master of rites and music", but also a "master of music". He once directed Lu's court musicians to play music.
Unfortunately, due to civil strife, court coup and other reasons, the court band was forced to disband and the musicians were forced to be displaced. Confucius' teacher went to the island to live in seclusion, and the musician went to Qi State, bringing Shao's music. Confucius heard Shao Le in the doctor's gaos family, and his face was full of tears. He couldn't sleep well for a long time (he didn't know the smell of meat in March) and said with emotion, "Confucius.
This paper reveals a truth: how important national security and social stability are to people's lives!
Huaxia jiuqi
? There is a saying in Saint Amethyst: One earth lattice, wood, stone, gold, silk and bamboo are eight tones. This is the earliest method in China to classify musical instruments according to their manufacturing materials, which is called "Eight Tones". It was first found in the Zhou Li Spring Palace and is divided into eight categories: gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, Pakistan (páo) and bamboo.
"Gold" includes bells, bells, actinides (bó), cymbals (yūng), osmium (náo), bells and bells.
The chime is a large percussion instrument in ancient China, which belongs to the golden category. According to "The Belling of Houyi in Warring States", bells were set in the Western Zhou Dynasty and flourished in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period until Qin and Han Dynasties. 1978 A chime unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the Warring States Period at Leigudun in the southern suburb of Suizhou, Hubei Province, is the most striking set of chimes discovered so far.
China was the first country to make and use musical clocks. It is made of bronze, arranged in pitch order by flat round clocks of different sizes, hung on a huge clock rack, and struck with a T-shaped wooden hammer and a long stick respectively, which can make different music sounds, because each clock has different tones and can play wonderful music according to the sound spectrum.
Cymbals are big clocks that indicate the rhythm when playing music, while bells and cymbals are relatively small metal percussion instruments.
"Stone" includes green, green, and so on.
Among stone musical instruments, the most famous one is parallel braids. Parallelism was mostly used in ancestral halls in ancient times. There was a saying in the Han Dynasty that "four Shi Jia arrived in the Qing Dynasty", and the "Jiazhi" here was the name of the ancestral temple in the Western Han Dynasty. Wang Guowei also pointed out that "Zhong You, alone with Jia's name, takes it as the head of the temple music." Piano is usually made of stone or jade, and a group has 16 faces. Its timbre, in addition to the twelve regular tones, also adds four semitones. When playing percussion, it makes different sounds.
1978 A complete set of bells unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Suixian County, Hubei Province * * * 4 1 piece, made of stone, hung in two floors, with 16 pieces in the upper layer and 16 pieces in the lower layer, and another 9 pieces can be called at any time. This set of chimes is closely matched with chimes, which can be in the same tone or in the same tone. Its acoustic effect is "the bell rings when it is near, and the bell rings when it is far away".
Qing is also divided into Sheng Qing and Song Qing. Zhou Li Chun Guan Dan: "I'm tired of enjoying everything, playing music, praising and singing." The Book of Songs Xiaoya Drum Bell: "Drum and harp are homophonic. "
The category of "soil" includes Yun (xūn), Yun (fǒu), etc.
The early prototype of Yan was stone hunting. Some stones have naturally occurring holes. When ancestors attacked their prey with this stone, the cavity in the stone would whistle due to the action of airflow. This kind of whistle inspired the ancient ancestors to make musical instruments, which led to the early shackles.
As one of the popular musical instruments in ancient times, the pottery urn is a sounding instrument. It was very popular as early as the Neolithic Age in Hongshan Culture, and it continues to this day. Nowadays, urns are generally made of clay, and there are also urns made of bones, wood and stones. Now the cinerary caskets that are popular internationally in Tao Di have evolved from them.
Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains: "It is a pottery vessel, so it holds wine pulp, and Qin people keep it with songs." In China's ancient records, it has been mentioned many times. For example, Li Si's "Book of Exhortation and Expulsion" has the phrase "knocking on the urn and playing the piano". It means that when the state of Qin dines, noble literati often sing and beat their thighs when they are half drunk.
The category of "Pi" includes county drum, Tuo drum, Ying drum and Bo drum.
County drum refers to the big drum used in ancient temples, which is relatively small and high-pitched. For example, "Li Zhouguan's Pure Biography" says: "Singing songs at a big sacrifice, drumming, lowering the tube and drumming." Another example is the Book of Rites: "Your Highness, the county drum is in the west, and it should be in the east." Song Shibing's Ninth: "The sudden sound of drums means that the raiders are going to battle, and the sudden sound of small gold means that the ambush is coming out."
Pottery drum: long handle, with small elastic ears on both sides of the drum body. When you shake the handle, drum on both sides of your ears. Commonly known as "rattle". The beat is a slender drum.
"Silk" includes Qin, Qin, Zhu and Zheng.
Qin, also known as lyre and guqin, is an ancient plucked instrument with seven strings and no taste. As a special culture, Qin dynasty summarized and represented the ancient and mysterious oriental thought. There are also nicknames such as "Green Seven" and "Silk Boy".
Legends such as "Fuxi made the piano", "Shennong made the piano" and "Shun made the banjo" are not credible, but their history is really quite long. The earliest appearance of Qin Dynasty in ancient books was recorded by China's first collection of poems, The Book of Songs. "My Fair Lady, Harp and Friends of Harp" in The Book of Songs, "Zhou Nanguan Luo" and "I have a guest, playing blowing sheng" and "Xiaoya Luming Literature" in The Book of Songs all reflect the close relationship between the harp and people's lives.
A plucked instrument, Han nationality, looks like a harp and has 25 strings of different thicknesses. Each stringed instrument has a post. Tune the chord to the pentatonic scale. The earliest musical instrument had fifty strings, such as Li Shangyin's poem, "I wonder why my Jinse has fifty strings, and every flower is the interval of youth". So it is also called "Fifty Strings". According to the chronology of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, the lyre and harp were invented in Fuxi era. "Book of Rites Hall of Fame" once mentioned "great things and small things"; Er Ya said, "The big musical instruments are called" Sa "and" Twenty-seven Strings ". Stone book, fifty strings of water bubble sacrifice. The Yellow Emperor asked Motome to play the pipa. Crying is not victory, but breaking into twenty-five strings. "Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" also mentioned that "I overheard the good voice of Zhao Wang, please play the musical instrument. "
Zhu is a stringed instrument of Han nationality in ancient China, which is shaped like a piano and has thirteen strings under the strings. When playing, the left hand presses one end of the string, and the right hand holds the bamboo ruler to strike the string for pronunciation. Originated in Chu, its voice was solemn and stirring, and it was widely circulated in the pre-Qin period. Lost since the Song Dynasty. For thousands of years, there were only records, not objects. For example, "Historical Records": "Gaozu attacked the building". However, in 1993, archaeologists found the real thing in the tomb of Yuyang, the queen of the Western Han Dynasty in Hexi, Changsha, which was called the first major discovery of musical instrument archaeology in the 40 years since the founding of New China. Academic circles also call this Yuyang Building "the first building in the world".
"Urgent Articles" contains: "An empty city plans to build a zither". Guzheng is a plucked instrument, which is very popular now. It was very popular in Qin during the Warring States Period, so it was also called "Qin Zheng". Biography of Historical Records and Biography of Driving Guests: "I hit the urn, knock on the door, play the piano, sing, see and listen quickly, it's really Qin Zhisheng." Guzheng has a wide range, clear timbre and rich expressive force, and has been deeply loved by the public. Before the Han and Jin Dynasties, the Zheng had twelve strings, and later it was increased to thirteen strings, fifteen strings, sixteen strings and twenty-one strings.
The categories of "wood" are Fang (ZH) and Dong (Yu Sansheng).
It is often a percussion instrument in ancient China. It is square and played with a wooden stick. It is used in court music to indicate the beginning of music. It is a musical instrument of Han Dynasty in China, which was once circulated in major cities all over the country. According to legend, it was written by Xia Qi with a history of more than 4,000 years. It is also a percussion instrument, a bit like the wooden fish now.
"The category of" includes ",prosperity, spring and so on.
A cannon is a ladle, and a musical instrument composed of a gourd, a blowpipe, a sound tube and a reed is a kind of musical instrument, such as Fu and Sheng. "Han Feizi relieves fatigue": "Fu is also five notes long, so sing it first, and then the bell instruments will follow, and then all the people will enjoy it. Its shape is as big as sheng, and there are many images of blowing in musical figurines and stone carvings in Han Dynasty. According to Zheng Xuan's Notes on Li Zhouguan's Pure Shi Sheng, Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi and Ying Shao's Custom, it is a musical instrument. People all know the allusion of "making up a few things", which shows its popularity in ancient times. Accordingly, the ancient Huang Tao wrote a poem "Try Blowing in the Province": "It is not difficult to know whether it is true or not. If you want the sound to be different, you must let everyone play. Whether there are mistakes in succession or not is uneven. The two religions are single, but the palace merchants are different. "
The common cucurbit silk now belongs to musical instruments.
"Bamboo" includes Xiao, Xiao, Xiao, Xiao and Xiao.
The flute unearthed from a cultural site in Henan has a history of 8000 years. This is the earliest sounding instrument with scale found in the world. It is made of thick bones on the wings of an eagle and blows vertically. According to historical records, "The Yellow Emperor ordered Ling Lun to cut bamboo in Kunqu, cut it to make a flute and blow it", and bamboo is a great progress in flute making. One is that bamboo vibrates better than bones and its pronunciation is crisp; Both kinds of bamboo are easy to process. There were seven kinds of flutes in Qin and Han Dynasties, and two kinds of flutes were invented. Cai Yong, Xunxu and Liang Wudi all made twelve flutes, that is to say, one flute is unified.
Xiao is divided into Dong Xiao, Qin Xiao and Paixiao. Xiao has a low timbre and plays vertically. Li Zhouzai: "Xiaoguan Xiange." Huai Nanzi: "If the wind is too small." "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" says: "Xiao, the uneven wind music is also like the wings of a phoenix." The Xiao mentioned here should be the Paixiao.
The flute is generally played horizontally, and the sound is louder and clearer. The flute is played vertically, with low sound and low volume. Before Qin and Han Dynasties, the words "flute and Xiao" were often mixed. After Zhang Qian brought back a kind of flute from the Western Regions, the names of flute and Xiao gradually separated, until the Song Dynasty, the names were basically finalized. Even today, Fuzhou dialect still calls the flute Xiao.
When the ancients used the blowpipe, they found that it could also pronounce, so they invented "Yu". Qi is a cross-wind bamboo wind instrument and a bass wind instrument. According to "Zhou Li Zheng Xuan Note": "Chi, such as tube, six holes"; Guo Pu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty noted Erya: "The ruler, with bamboo as the core, is four inches long, surrounded by three inches, with a hole, three inches long, and the smallest one is two inches long." According to records, the pool has six holes (including the upper and lower holes) and the bottom is closed. Judging from the two bamboo wind instruments unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the early Warring States period, they are similar to those described in the literature, but different from flutes. Qi is one of the main musical instruments in ancient China, which is vigorous, elegant and solemn.
The musical instruments in this "Eight Tones" are later called "Chinese ancient music" or "Chinese old instruments", which means pure Chinese musical instruments, mainly to distinguish them from foreign musical instruments.