How to set teaching objectives according to the language development characteristics and activities of middle school students?

The goal is the starting point and the end point. In preschool education, we can generally divide it into three levels of educational goals: the general goal of education-the goal of all ages-the goal of teaching activities. Among them, the teaching goal is the most concrete embodiment of the educational goal, which is the foundation of the foundation and determines the implementation and realization of the overall educational goal. Bloom pointed out that effective learning begins with knowing exactly what the goal is. Therefore, teaching objectives are the core of language teaching activities, the soul of teachers' professional growth, and play a directional role in teaching activities. It restricts the operation of language teaching activities and is the direct basis for judging whether teaching is effective or not. It is very important to ensure the effective development of language teaching activities. The effectiveness of teaching objectives is a decisive factor in the effectiveness of language teaching activities. Making scientific and reasonable learning objectives is an important prerequisite for effective teaching. I. Overall Objectives of Language Education in Kindergartens The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) promulgated by the Ministry of Education sets the following objectives for the language field: First, be willing to talk to people and speak politely; Second, pay attention to each other and understand everyday language; Third, you can clearly say what you want to say; Fourth, I like listening to stories and reading books. Fifth, you can understand and speak Mandarin. To understand the objectives of language education in the syllabus, we can divide the general objectives of language education in kindergartens into four aspects, namely, listening, expressing, appreciating literary works and early reading, and educate children from the following aspects. To understand the objectives of language education in the syllabus, we can divide the general objectives of language education in kindergartens into four aspects, namely, listening, expressing, appreciating literary works and early reading, and educate children from the following aspects. 1. Cultivate children's habit of paying attention to listening and develop their language understanding ability. Listening is the behavioral expression of children's perception and understanding of language, and it is an indispensable behavioral ability for children's language learning and development. Only those who know how to listen, are willing to listen and are good at listening can truly understand the content, form and application of language and master the skills of language communication with others. 2. Encourage children to express their thoughts and feelings boldly and clearly, try to explain and describe simple things or processes, and develop children's thinking ability and language expression ability. It is one of the main manifestations of children's language learning and development to express and exchange personal views with certain language content, language form and language use. Only those who know the function of expression, are willing to express their views to others and have the ability to express themselves can truly communicate with others. 3. Guide children to contact excellent children's literature works, let them feel the richness and beauty of the language, and help them deepen their experience and understanding of the works through various activities. Children's comprehensive language ability formed in learning literary works can enhance their sensitivity to different levels of language core operation ability. Therefore, it is necessary to create opportunities for children to learn and other literary works as much as possible. 4. Cultivate children's interest in simple marks and words that are common in life. Use books, paintings and other methods to stimulate children's interest in books, reading and writing, and cultivate their skills before reading and writing. Second, the classification goals of language education activities in kindergartens (1) The goal of conversation activities is to train children to use language to communicate with others within a certain range. The main objectives are: 1. Help children learn to listen to other people's conversations and gradually master several listening skills; 2. Help children learn to speak around certain topics, fully express their personal views, and cultivate their oral expression skills; 3. Help children learn the basic rules of using language to communicate and improve their language communication level. (2) The goal of storytelling activity is a type of language education activity centered on children's language expression behavior. The main objectives are: 1. Cultivate children's ability to perceive and understand the objects they are talking about; 2. Cultivate children's ability to conceive independently and express clearly and completely; 3. Help children master the emotional degree and adjustment skills of language communication. (3) The goal of listening and speaking games Listening and speaking games are language education activities in the form of games. The main objectives are: 1. Help children practice oral expression according to certain rules; 2. Improve children's level of active listening; 3. Cultivate tact and flexibility in language communication, train children to quickly understand language rules, quickly mobilize the existing language experience coding ability, and quickly express themselves in a way that meets the requirements of the rules. (IV) Purpose of Early Reading Activities Early reading activities in kindergartens are an educational process to help children get close to the written language. The main objectives are: 1. Improve children's interest in learning written language; 2. Help children understand the correspondence between written language and spoken language, and understand the importance of learning written language; 3. Help children master the skills of early reading. (V) Purpose of Literary Works Learning Activity Literary works learning activity is a type of language education activity that learns a language by appreciating literary works. The main objectives are: 1. Ask children to actively participate in literary activities, appreciate literary works, and know that literary works include fairy tales, poems and essays; 2. Help children feel the linguistic beauty of literary works and cultivate their sensitivity to artistic language; 3. Ask children to understand the content of literary works and learn language and nonverbal expressions to express their understanding of a literary work. 4. Ask children to creatively imagine according to the clues provided by literary works, and express their experiences and imagination in oral language. Third, the following points can be followed when setting goals: (1) reflects the age characteristics of children. Goal setting should proceed from the reality of the children in this class. Only by studying and mastering the actual level, development needs and possibilities of children in this class can we determine the potential, direction and pace of children's further development. Therefore, teachers should observe and understand the present situation and internal needs of children's development, make the goal of teaching activities in the near future development area of children, and promote the transition of children's potential development level to the realistic level. (2) Reflect the characteristics of language discipline. We should pay attention to the core values in this field. The core values in the language field are listening, feeling, understanding and expression, and different language teaching forms have different emphases. The core values in the field of science tend to be children's active inquiry learning, multi-sensory and multi-channel perception of things, and stimulating their interest in exploring things. The core values in the field of art tend to feel and express beauty. Example: A kindergarten teacher designed a large class poem "Where is the wind hiding?" Teaching objective: 1. Appreciate the poem and feel its beautiful artistic conception and structural characteristics of question and answer; 2. Learn to read poetry with emotion, and distinguish between different reading questions and answers; 3. Try to imitate according to the poetic structure and describe things with vivid words. Another teacher designed a poetry class to appreciate the teaching goal of Kite of Grass: 1. Understand the content of the poem and experience the childlike interest and wonder of flying kites on the grass. 2. Feel the beautiful artistic conception of poetry in listening activities. 3. In the game performance, further feel the interest and wonder of poetic language. Both activities are poetry teaching activities, and the goal orientation of the two activities can better reflect the disciplinary characteristics of the language field and make better use of the text as a carrier. Let's take a look at their grasp of children's age characteristics and learning characteristics. Activity 1: corresponding to large class children, literature is stronger in teaching. On the basis of feeling, large class children have key reading requirements and imitation requirements, and their capacity is relatively large, which is a certain challenge. Activity 2: Corresponding to small class children. Considering that this poem is very beautiful and full of childlike interest, and considering the age characteristics of small class children, the teacher determines poetry teaching as appreciation. On the basis of feeling and understanding, we use the organization mode of alternating static and dynamic to serve the understanding of poetic language through action and action, and further feel the interest of language through the form of action expression. The activity goals in the above two language fields can better reflect the characteristics of children's age and language subjects, and pose a moderate challenge to children. (3) The activity objectives should be detailed. The goal of teaching activities is a guide to the teaching process and a measure to evaluate the teaching effect. Therefore, only specific and targeted goals can guide the teaching process and measure the learning results. Therefore, when formulating teaching activities, it is necessary to be specific, and it is necessary to deeply analyze teaching materials and children's learning ability. For example, when we face a teaching content, we should first examine what knowledge and skills it contains and to what extent it should be operated, so as to have real educational value for the children we teach; Secondly, we should consider children's learning methods and methods of acquiring knowledge and skills; In related research, it is also necessary to analyze what emotional and social values are involved. Moreover, each activity content will have a different target focus. The expected results of teaching objectives should be basically observable or measurable, and must be measurable, otherwise, the evaluation function of teaching objectives will not be fully exerted. Therefore, the objective statement requires accuracy, standard, concreteness and standardization. From the way of expression, the goal of kindergarten teaching activities is usually expressed in the form of "behavior goal"