Personal honor Zheng Gu's poems are clear and good, and they are rewarded by Xue Neng and Li Frequently. With Xu Tang, Ren Tao and Zhang Jian. Zhang Qiao, Yu, Wen Xian and Li Changfu sang Ten Philosophers of Fanglin. Hougu tried to climb the three peaks from Nuo teaching, hoping that when he was free, he would live in Yunyang Taoist Temple and make it into three volumes for Yuntai. After returning, I compiled three volumes of Yiyang Collection and wrote another volume of National Wind Tactics. The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty contains 327 poems by Zheng Gu.
Miracle, a monk, expressed his respect and poetry from the origin of the word teacher. Gu read a sentence in the morning, "In Qiancun, several branches were opened last night", but he said, "It's not too early to count branches. If it turns out to be good. " Miracle didn't feel prostrate and said, "I'm also a text teacher."
In the late Tang Dynasty, Miracle, a monk from Hunan Province, claimed to be Samana Heng Yue and wrote a poem "Early Plum", which he took to Yangshan, Yichun, Jiangxi Province, and asked Zheng Gu, a poet friend. There is a couplet in the poem: "How many branches opened in the old village of Zita Law last night". Zheng Gu looked at it and said, "It's not early to count, it's better to count one." After that, I changed "opening several branches" to "opening one branch". After listening to his words, Miracle was deeply impressed by his change. He bowed his head unconsciously and marveled at the wonderful use of the word "one", that is, he called Zheng Gu "a word teacher".
Since then, Zheng Gu's reputation as a "Ci master" has been widely circulated among the literati, and relevant historical books have been loaded one after another, which has been passed down to this day.
Personal work Zheng Gu wrote more than a thousand poems in his life; Because he once lived in Yuntai Daoshe, he called his poetry collection Yuntai Compilation, and one was Yiyang Collection, also known as Zheng Shouyu's Anthology, which was divided into three volumes: upper, middle and lower. In addition, there are books such as Yiyang Foreign Compilation and Right and Wrong National Style, some of which have been lost. There are more than 300 poems written by Zheng Gu in the whole Tang Dynasty.
Zheng Gu's official career is smooth, and his poems are mostly about praising things and expressing literati's lofty leisure, lacking social content and few classics handed down from generation to generation.
Zheng Gu's poems pay attention to the refinement of words and sentences, but they are clear and easy to understand. Its quatrains are graceful and graceful. Three addenda to tang poetry.
Comments on Zheng Gu's poems in the past dynasties were famous at the end of the Tang Dynasty, with the title of "Yuntai Compilation", which was called "Du Zhengguan's Poems" by the common people. His poems are interesting and full of beautiful sentences, but their style is not very high. In Yi's words, most people teach children, and I recited them when I was a child. Today, its collection is no longer suitable for this world. (Song Ouyang Xiu's Poem on June 1st)
Gu's poems are clear and good, which are appreciated by Xue Neng and Li Frequency. (Yuan Xinwen Fang's Biography of Tang Caizi, Volume 9)
Zheng Duguan's poems are not sharp and fresh, but they are too skinny. With his approachability, he lived in the early Song Dynasty. (Ming Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Yin Gui Qian" Volume 8)
There is a saying in the valley that "poetry is not as good as the word monk", so many people input the word "monk" in his poems, which used to be ridiculous. But after the Dali period, the public borrowed the teacher for a long time. (same as above)
Zheng Shouyu has a sad tone and can recite it. Is it special that "partridge" enjoys an immortal name? (Xue's "A Ladle of Poetry")
This valley is named after partridge poems, and even called partridge Zheng. However, his poetic style is modest, and the seventh sentence is particularly repeated. Kou's Materia Medica refers to "correspondence", which is not good, but it is not excellent. Fang Hui's Ying Lv Kui Sui, also called Shi, used the word "monk" in more than 40 places. Gu has a saying: "Poetry is humble and has no monk words." This is the same as Zhang's Gui, claiming that the word "plum blossom" in the poem has a clear meaning, which appeals to both refined and popular tastes and cannot be praised as a beautiful talk. As for other works, they are often smooth and unique, and they are solid in the late Tang Dynasty. (Sikuquanshu Volume 15 1)
Five topics of works appreciation: mammoth pine
Song Ge is as tall as he is and he is as hairy as he is.
It's freezing at night, so I'm sorry to accompany Cao.
Farewell to friends in Huai Shang
Yangtze River Yangtze River Chun Lv, Xiaoyao De is dancing around the river to kill people.
The breeze blows gently, the flute whimpers, and the pavilion dyes dusk. You want to go south to Xiaoxiang, and I want to run to the west Qinling.
Qizuyuan mountain
Small and small, it is the rain moss spot, and the porch car is loose every day.
No one went to Emei, but I watched the rockery from the monk window.
Xiaxia
In my memory, the children were crying, the apes were whining under the trees, and the rain crossed the balcony alone.
This wave didn't come for nothing. I caught a glimpse of the spring breeze.
Shu Dong Chun Wan
Such a floating life is a parting, which can be as long as spring.
Yang Huaxue on Tongjiang just flew around by boat.
Huaishang fisherman
Whitehead waves on the Chinese Pulsatilla, and one family moves the Jiangpu wind.
He just caught a bass, and his son and grandchildren are busy collecting firewood in the silver grass to make a fire and roast fish.
lotus
The moving boat splashed green, and the handle greeted the wind.
Thank you, Huansha, for staying in the rain.
Premier Xia Meng only recommended ten southern suburb rhymes.
When the festival is waiting, the suburban affairs are clean and shameful. Listen to God sincerely, and Mingde will worship the dome.
Use exquisite pottery utensils, and the fragrance will not flow. On the Yang Chen Victory, Kuang Guo prayed for a grand rest.
It's getting blue and dew, and the wheat is cool in autumn. The Hengzi Pavilion in Ai Rui Shou Shan embraces Huangzhou.
In foreign countries, the class is orderly, and the middle is strict and the west is excellent. Play songs and prepare three kinds of wine to show respect and gentleness.
Red cliff returns phoenix, ask cow again. Wanfang looks forward to the auxiliary wing, and * * * congratulates Huang You.
Weiyang Building looks at Yichun City, Jiangxi Province.
Thousands of flowers and two flowers see the imperial state and look at this building. The drizzle does not hide the color of Qin trees, and the sunset shines on Weihe River.
Learning from the past is not as good as learning from the past. Today, I never forget the worries of yesterday. I haven't started the dust yet. Maybe I can rest alone.
China Zhegu
Those partridges frolic on the warm smoky wasteland to see how neat their colorful feathers are; Look at their behavior, the category is similar to that of lively pheasants during the day. When it rains, the grass on the southeast lake of Dongting Lake passes through from Anil Kumar Bachu Lake; The petals of Huangling Temple fall and partridges sound.
A wanderer smells wet sleeves, and a good man sings low eyebrows. Xiangjiang River is wide, and bitter bamboo bushes are deep in the west.
middle age
It's a dreary day in Qin Yun, and the scene of the New Year is middle-aged. Love hates flowers without words, and sorrow knows that wine has the right.
The walls are covered with moss, and the old fields are recalled on rainy nights. Decline and complacency add poetics, and even change the previous topic into several links.
Step back from the second song.
I haven't climbed the ladder for many years, fishing for the old stream. Pear blossoms are full of spring, and it is late to break the fence.
Never leave Chang 'an with an apricot. Shi Hao should be suspicious of peony. Only returning farmland to fields can't work, and the water in the village has been blown away.
Begonia
Spring breeze is intended to be even in color and can be sold with poems and songs. It is best for Li to be in the rain, and it is beautiful when she wants to open it.
Mochow was lazy at the window, and Liang Guangdan was late in writing. I'm drunk and can't get enough of it. I admire his butterfly branches.
Zheng Gu was born in Yichun (now Yuanzhou District) and his early life experiences. Born in Dazhong, Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 848), he died in Kaiping, Taizu of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Liang (AD 909) at the age of 6 1. Zheng Gu's father, Zheng Shi, was admitted to Jinshi. When he was an official in Liuzhou, he was a colleague with Si Kongtu, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty. When Zheng Gu was seven years old, Si Kongtu was amazed when he saw his poems. He patted him affectionately on the shoulder and said, good boy, you will be a "master" in the future! It can be seen from this episode that after he returned to Yichun in his later years, he first built a house under the diagenetic rock, and then built a thatched cottage at the foot of Yangshan Mountain. Therefore, he should have been born in Liuzhou's father's office and studied and grew up there. When he returned to Yichun in his later years, his hometown had no house and relatives. However, his deep-rooted homeland complex made him choose to return to his roots in his later years.
In the middle period, although Zheng Gu was brilliant since he was a child, his imperial examinations and official career were quite unsatisfactory. At the age of 2 1, Zheng Gu failed in the imperial examination for the first time in Sun Shan. After that, he got 10, and didn't get into Jinshi until he was 40 years old. Because of the turbulent situation, he was awarded the county magistrate of Jingzhao County until he was 45 years old, and was soon promoted to the right. At the age of 50, he was promoted to Shangshu official (about equivalent to a modern bureau-level Beijing official), so he was called "Zheng Duguan".
Later, in the first year of God bless in Tang Aidi (AD 904), Zhu Quanzhong forced the emperor to move the capital to Luoyang and burned Chang 'an Palace. Seeing that the Li Dynasty was already out of luck, Zheng Gu abandoned his official position and returned to Yichun. He first built a house under the diagenetic rock, and then lived in seclusion in Yangshan. He died in 909 AD. After his death, he was buried in Jiangbei Ridge, 7 miles north of Yichun. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yuanzhou magistrate had no choice but to repair the tomb. There is no trace now.
Political Ideal Although Zheng Gu's dream of making great achievements in politics was dashed, he made remarkable achievements in his poetry creation. There are 325 of his poems in The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty, and Zheng Gu compiled them in the collection of poems, Yuntai Compilation and Yiyang Collection, totaling more than 1000. Unfortunately, the version has been lost. Therefore, Zheng Gu and the famous poets at that time, such as Xu Tang, Ren Tao, Zhang Bin, Li Qiyuan, Zhang Qiao, Yu, Wen Xian, Li Changfu, etc., were collectively called "Ten Scholars of Fanglin" (also known as "Ten Scholars of Immortality"). Some even called Zheng Gu a great poet in the late Tang Dynasty.
Finally, the poet finally lived a sad and remarkable life in this contradictory state of mind that he wanted to be detached and could not be detached.
Zheng Gu, like Li Bai and Du Fu, was also a loser in his political career. However, the setbacks in his career changed their creation and made their poems immortal. As the saying goes, "A lost corner gains Sang Yu", and "A lost horse is a blessing in disguise". The wonderful life of ancient philosophers really deserves people's eternal reflection. I'm afraid this is one of the reasons why Zheng Gu Reading Hall can become a historical attraction.
Unfortunately, with the decay of the imperial court and the decline of the country in the late Qing Dynasty, the Zheng Gu Reading Hall was also reduced to ruins and then disappeared into the firewood. For nearly a hundred years, no one has set foot on it.
Fortunately, in recent years, with the strengthening of tourism economic awareness, people have more and more clearly recognized the multi-faceted value of cultural monuments. Therefore, the Zheng Gu Reading Hall and the nearby Yin Qi Temple have been put on the agenda for reconstruction by all walks of life. It is expected that in the near future, this quaint thatched cottage will reappear in front of people with the style of a scholar who has lived for a long time.
The background of the characters is Zheng Gu (849-9 1 1), from Yuanzhou, Jiangxi (now Yichun). His father Zheng Shi and his brother Zheng Qi were both poets in the Tang Dynasty.
Influenced by his father and brother, Zheng Gu was able to write poetry at the age of seven. "Ride on bamboo and sing". At that time, Si Kongtu, a famous poet and poetic theorist, "was shocked to see it, but he said it when he was back, and he was the master of a generation."
In the third year of Guangqi in Tang Xizong (AD 887), Zheng Gu was admitted as a scholar, and the official was Zheng Duguan. Zheng Gu's poem Partridge is famous all over the world, so it is also called Partridge Zheng. Zheng Gu, Xu Tang, Zhang Qiao and Ren Tao, nine people in the same era, often sang and returned, and their poems were quite famous, known as "Ten Philosophers of Fanglin".
During the Tang Dynasty, Zheng Gu "stayed loyal to righteousness and lived alone, not in the realm of fame and fortune", and resolutely retired to his hometown Yangshan, leading a secluded life of "Old Mountain has its old forest".
Analysis of Works Zheng Gu wrote more than 1000 poems in his life. Because Yiyang Ji is also called Zheng Shouyu's Collected Works, * * * is divided into three volumes: upper, middle and lower.
Zheng Gu wrote a seven-tone "Partridge", which is a household name and all the rage. Its poem says:
Those partridges frolic on the warm smoky wasteland to see how neat their colorful feathers are; Look at their behavior, the category is similar to that of lively pheasants during the day.
When it rains, the grass on the southeast lake of Dongting Lake passes through from Anil Kumar Bachu Lake; The petals of Huangling Temple fall and partridges sound.
A wanderer smells wet sleeves, and a good man sings low eyebrows.
Xiangjiang River is wide, and bitter bamboo bushes are deep in the west.
Partridge is a beautiful bird, with brightly colored feathers, resembling a pheasant and as big as a pigeon, distributed in the south of Chinese mainland. Its "Ming Yun' Gou Gezhen' is also", commonly known as "inseparable from brothers". The ancients often used the partridge cry to express the loneliness and sadness of the relocated people and the thoughts of the wanderers for their loved ones.
The contribution of late Tang people to Du Xunhe's poems. In the dark and turbulent times, they are concerned about social disasters and people's livelihood. Nie's Ode to the Family, Du Xunhe's Widow in the Mountain and After the Chaos, etc. It is particularly profound and painful to reflect the chaos of the people and the chaos of the world. But judging from the overall situation of poetry creation at that time, this aspect still failed to occupy a major position. Among the famous poets, only Zheng Gu, Wei Zhuang and Luo Yin lived in the early Five Dynasties. They experienced all kinds of disasters during the change of dynasties, which more reflected the chaos of the times.
After Zheng Gu became an official, he often "ran in a panic" in the struggle for power and ministers before the demise of the Tang Dynasty. There are more than 300 poems in Zhenggu, of which nearly 100 are about his exile, which is related to the current situation. For example, "Jingzhou is still unclear, and the small county is in Maozi", "The rumor is very uncertain, when will it be returned" ("Two Stories in the Gorge"), involving the long-term siege of Jingzhou by the Qin Zongquan army during the Guangqi period, and the Nuopai fled because of the threat of powerful princes. "Ten people are still delivering food, but the news of Sichuan has not stopped" ("Wandering"), which describes the destruction of the family and the war in Sichuan, and reveals that the country has no peace and the people are in trouble. "Visiting the neighboring multi-finger graves and asking for directions to move to the original site" ("Visiting Gudi Weikou Mountain Villa") makes people imagine the painful scene of the new graves and the changes in the graves and valleys after the war.
In addition to Zheng Gu's "Running Away", "Visiting the Old" and other works repeatedly reflect chaos, his farewell poems also involve chaos. "I haven't heard from Zhang Qiao for a long time" says: "I will eventually go to Chenggu and return to Wu along the Huai River. What's the mess? Are you home safely? All the trees are hanging in the wild, and the thin moon fills the lake. Sad around the village, there should be less old farmers. " Caring for friends' feelings and feeling the current situation blend together, which is simple and simple, and can represent Zheng Gu's poetic style. At the same time, due to the disorderly separation from friends, there is a sad charm in the poem.
Historical Value People in Yichun's hometown have always respected this famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. They once regarded Zheng Gu, (in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was the prefect of Shu County, and it was difficult for Yuan Zhou to live in seclusion to avoid his brother), Han Yu (the first of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, who once demoted Yuan Zhou as history), Li Deyu (the son of Ji Li Fu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, who once demoted Yuan Zhou as a long history and later as a Tang Dynasty envoy), and (originally from Yichun, later as prime minister).
In the Temple of Emperor Wen Gong (Yu) built by Song Zu, the image of Zheng Gu was painted on the east wall for future generations to admire. In the old days, there was a street named "Zhegu Road" in the south of Yichun City to commemorate "Zhegu Zheng". In recent years, Yichun City has vigorously developed and constructed human landscape.
In the Yuanshan Park completed in 2004, a "Zhegu Pavilion" was built in the name of "Zhegu Zheng". When tourists come here, will people who "just read a roll of Yuntai" "listen to the partridge"?
Comments on Poetry in Past Dynasties Ji Xiaolan's comments on all Zheng Gu's poems have been expressed by scholars in past dynasties.
Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty said in "Poems on June 1st" that Zheng Gu's poems are "extremely interesting and full of eulogies", but he bluntly said that "the style is not high".
Tong Zong's opinion is very euphemistic. He said that Zheng Gu's poems are "well-fed and well-fed, although the style is not very high", but "the meaning of a word of exercise is rarely out of line".
The new viewpoint in Yuan Dynasty was slightly different. He believes that "Gu is clear and bright, but not vulgar." .
However, Ye He Fei Jiashu spoke highly of Zheng Gu in the Ming Dynasty. Ye praised Zheng Gu as a heavyweight with a history of 300 years in the Tang Dynasty. Fei Jiashu not only praised Zheng Gu's "lofty Sao altar", but also said that his poem was a masterpiece of "Du Li is stubborn, is it the same as the suburban island?".
There is also a saying in the Summary of Sikuquanshu, which was edited by people in the Qing Dynasty, that Zheng's poems are "often in tune with the style, but independent in thought", but "to get rid of its superficiality and take its essence, he will become a master in the late Tang Dynasty".
However, it is good to call him "elegant male generation" or "not very high style", but they all have their own needs and opinions.
Objectively speaking, from the perspective of "getting rid of its superficiality and taking its essence", Zheng Gu has made remarkable artistic achievements in poetry creation after all, and some of Zheng Gu's works do have profound social significance. Zheng Gu's "After Chu Peace, Rural and Farming Decoupling"; Zheng Gu's "Visiting Neighbors' Finger Graves and Asking for directions to move to their original homes"; Zheng Gu's "When the mutinous soldiers take a break, the old friends are all"; Zheng Gu's "Ten mouths are still eating, and the news in Sichuan has not stopped"; And Zheng Gu's poems, such as "I can't do anything, and hunger is mostly self-cultivation", mostly expose and criticize the social reality of the decline and poverty of the people in the late Tang Dynasty, and express the poet's thoughts and feelings of caring for and sympathizing with the sufferings of the working people. Although it is difficult to compete with Du Li, it inherits Du Fu's realistic tradition, so it is called "the poetic history of Xian Tong in the post-Luozong and Zhaozong times" in the late Tang Dynasty by later generations, and it can really be called "the master of the late Tang Dynasty".
Zheng Gu's other poems, such as chanting things, parting or feeling, are fresh and popular in style, light and fluent, and beautiful in language. For example, in "Chrysanthemum", "The dew is wet and the autumn fragrance is full of pool shore, and the origin is not envious of the height of tile pine"; For example, in "Haitang", "I can't see enough when I'm drunk, so I envy his butterfly branches"; For example, in "Farewell to Friends in Huaishang", "Several bagpipes leave the pavilion late, you go to Xiaoxiang and I go to Qin"; For example, in the singer at the dinner table, "There are also Jiangnan guests in the seat, don't sing partridges against the spring breeze"; Another example is the chanting of "moss on the wall, rain remembering spring fields all night" in Middle Age, with beautiful writing, euphemistic thoughts, rich emotions and lasting charm. After reading it, it is pleasing to the eye and memorable.
Zheng Gu —— Celebrities commented on the Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry. Poets and poets in past dynasties spoke highly of Zheng Gu's Teacher Yi Yan Tang and the poem Partridge. There is a poem saying: "Zao Mei is a lyricist, and Qi can't thank him"; There is a poem saying: "The teacher of one word has worshipped, and he lingers alone after the early plum blossom"; There is a poem that says, "I just read a scroll of Yuntai, and I suspect that the sound of partridges is in my ears"; There is a poem saying: "The old pine beside the reading hall makes the address desolate and the partridges sing"; There is also a poem that says, "Why is the partridge poem popular for thousands of years?" .
In the Yuan Dynasty, the new study room praised Zheng Gu for "tasting partridges and warning them". In Qing Dynasty, Jin Shengtan called the poem "Zheng Yanggu" "Bi Xing's Legacy"; Shen Deqian also said that the poem "Partridge" was "better in three or four words than" Hook "and praised it as" winning by charm ".
The Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry, published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House 1983, also said that the poem "Partridge" was "far from the spirit, but it still showed the poet's strong homesickness" and praised "the poet firmly grasped the emotional connection between man and partridge"
Yin Qi Temple, a bone-setting reading hall, is located next to Yin Qi Temple in Houyangshan, southeast village of Hongjiang Township, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City. There is a ridge called Shutang Mountain. In the middle of Shutang Mountain, a stone's throw away from Yin Qi Temple, there is an ancient house site. That is the former site of the famous Zheng Gu Reading House. The name of Shutangshan came from this.
Zheng Gu Reading Hall used to be a scenic spot in Yichun, especially praised by poets and poets in past dynasties. In Song Dynasty, Fan Chengda, Xin Qiji and Zhu all paid their respects here.
The reason why Zheng Gu Reading Hall deserves tribute is that Zheng Gu has a high historical reputation, and his poetry and personality are exemplary.
Zheng Gu is the first famous poet in Yichun County (now Yuanzhou District) who gained an important position and extensive influence in the national poetry circle, and also the greatest poet in Jiangxi in the Tang Dynasty. Today, Zheng Gu is still the pride of Yichun and even Jiangxi people.