(1), plain and simple. It is characterized by choosing exact words to state directly, or using simple drawings without modification, which is true, profound and approachable. For example, Jia Dao's See the Guest: "I asked your students under a pine tree," he replied, "My teacher went to collect medicine." However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? "The whole article is 4 sentences and 20 words, which is not difficult. There are also Tao Yuanming's poems and Li Yu's words.
(2) Implicit and meaningful. Poetry is full of aura. The aura of poetry lies in meaning and "short words and long feelings". There is always a "blank" between the lines to inspire people to think and understand. For example, Li Shangyin's "Sending North on a Rainy Night": "When you ask about the return date, the rain will rise in the autumn pool in the evening. When * * * cuts the candle at the west window, it talks about the rain at night. " Couples who live far apart miss greetings, their feelings at that time and their desire for long talks at home are all obvious and hidden in the blank. There are also Du Mu's quatrains and Li Qingzhao's later poems.
(3), fresh and elegant. Its characteristic is that the language is novel and unique, unconventional, giving people a fresh and beautiful pleasure. For example, Yang Wanli's "Xiao He only shows sharp corners, with a clear dragonfly standing on the top" ("Little Pool"); Meng Haoran, Prepare chicken rice for me, old friend, you entertain me on your farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. I'll come back when the mountain is on holiday and it's chrysanthemum time. "Green trees, green hills, cottages, nurseries and Sang Ma blend harmoniously. This is a beautiful and quiet rural scenery, fresh and natural.
(4), vivid image. The language of poetry is often touching because of its vivid images. For example, Su Shi's "Shake Over the Air, Hit the Shore, Roll Up Thousands of Snow" ("Red Cliff Nostalgia") is both a poem and a painting, vividly showing the magnificent scenery of Red Cliff, with great momentum and an open realm.
(5) Gorgeous and elegant. For example, Li Bai's "Rizhao incense burner gives birth to purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs in front of Sichuan." Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days. "The whole poem is colorful, beautiful, unpredictable and beautiful.
(6) concise and lively. Its characteristics are: the language is concise, concise, simple, clear and unadorned. Such as Jia Dao's poems and Ma Zhiyuan's Sanqu.
(7) magnificent. Its characteristics are: strong bones and strong mountains and rivers. For example, Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea is open-minded and full of lofty sentiments. The most representative is the frontier poets represented by Gao Shi and Cen Can in the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In their works, there are wolf mountains, deserts, secluded fields, isolated cities, extreme cold and heat, grief and indignation of unity, and determination to defend the frontier to the death.
(8) Rough and bold. Li Bai is a master of the uninhibited school, which is characterized by intense emotion, high style, strange imagination and exaggeration. "Don't you see how the water of the Yellow River flows down from the sky into the ocean and never comes back?" ("Into the Wine") magnificent, a thousand miles; "The grass is green and white, and the west is restored to the east." (Antique) depicts the rapid passage of time and the rapid change of personnel in one go, seamlessly. Su and Xin are the most outstanding representatives of the unrestrained school of Song Ci.
(9) Depression. Depression refers to the profundity, richness, anxiety and suggestibility of emotions. "Sinking or not floating, it is not thin." Du Fu's poems are extremely rich. Sadness is the main content of Du Fu's poems. His sorrow is not only personal, but also national, national and people's. Therefore, this kind of sadness has rich emotional levels, which makes him depressed and gain deep feelings and lofty values. His "Three Officials", "Three Farewells", "Car Shop" and "Cottage Broken by Autumn Wind" are all melancholy masterpieces.
(10) tragic and generous. Generally, poets lament the ever-changing diseases, the speed of youth passing away, the seriousness of people's disasters, the ups and downs of fate and the anger of unfulfilled ambition, while those who are concerned about the country and the people and are generous and sad look at them with sadness. It can be seen that compassion is the voice of the times and the cry of the poet. Faced with the turbulent reality, the poet expressed compassion out of a serious sense of responsibility. Chen Ziang's poems are famous for their sadness. Youzhou rostrum is the most exciting elegy.
(1 1) lingering sadness. Poetry is graceful and delicate. For example, Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao,
China's language is profound and mysterious, especially the concise language of ancient poetry, which is really a word of gold. Yuan Hao, a writer in the Yuan Dynasty, asked, "Every word must be written and every word must be read. Chewing has a aftertaste, which is not enough. " Therefore, we must carefully scrutinize it to appreciate the taste.
First, understand the characteristics of ancient poetry
1. Intention is ten, the next three points.
The genre of ancient poetry has a fixed form, such as metrical poems, quatrains, poems, songs, etc., which urges poets to express rich content in a limited space, which determines that the language of ancient poetry often has the characteristics of "full meaning, three points in the next sentence", concise and implicit, and endless meaning. Specific performance has two aspects:
(1) pays attention to "accuracy and vividness". There are many interesting things about the poet's refining ci in the ancient Poetry Talk. Jia Dao's Lun Heng and Wang Anshi's Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan are well-known examples of "refining Chinese characters". "Accurately vivid" can capture the characteristics, describe the psychology well, convey the artistic conception well, and describe the scene in an immersive way.
(2) Pay attention to jumping and leaving blank. In order to achieve concentration and conciseness, ancient poetry often omits some words that can be omitted, resulting in poetry jumping and leaving gaps, which are often poetic. Poetry lies in readers' imagination and association. For example, Wen's "Walking in the Morning", "A crow in a thatched cottage, frost on a bridge is neglected" and Ma Zhiyuan's "Qiu Si" omit some function words of predicate verbs to play a cohesive role, so we need to add these omitted elements between images when interpreting them.
Appreciation of Ancient Poetry (1)
-analyzing the linguistic features of ancient poetry
Teaching objective: to analyze the linguistic features of ancient poetry.
Read the following poem:
Hua ju Zheng Sixiao
Flowers can't bloom, and independent fences are not poor.
It is better to hold incense in the branches and wait for death than to blow it into the north wind.
Note: Zheng Sixiao (1241-1318) was a poet and painter in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Lianjiang (now Fujian) people. I once tried to give up my life in business school to become knowledgeable. When the Yuan army invaded the south, it offered a defense strategy to the court, which was not adopted. In the future, I will stay in the martial arts and deliver meals to Guobao Temple. Original name is unknown. After the death of Song Dynasty, it changed its name to show that it missed Zhao Song, and the word recalled Weng, indicating that it did not forget the old country; Sit and lie down every day, facing south and facing north. Zheng Sixiao was good at making orchids, and spent less money on Xiao Ye, which showed that the land in Song Dynasty was plundered.
Appreciation: "Flowers can't bloom, and the interest of being alone is not exhausted" is people's understanding of chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemums don't bloom at the same time as flowers. She is a noble scholar when she doesn't follow the crowd.
The sentence "I'd rather hold the fragrance of the branches than die before being blown down by the north wind" further describes the chrysanthemum's arrogance and aloofness, and expresses its determination to stick to high morals and honor and to die before succumbing to the Yuan Dynasty. This is Zheng Sixiao's unique feeling and his unyielding loyalty to the motherland.
First, the four steps to understand poetry
1, topic 2. Analysis author 3. Study the content of this poem and try to restore it in modern language. Read the comments below this poem.
Second, analyze the language characteristics of ancient poetry.
Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem?
Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem or talk about the language art of this poem.
Common ones are: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous, clear and fluent, talkative, euphemistic, uninhibited, graceful and restrained, concise and vivid, etc.
Solution steps: (1) Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features.
(2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem.
(3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed.
Example: Ancient Poetry: On Meeting the Messenger of the Capital Author: Cen Can
The distance from the east home is very long, and the tears are wet and the sleeves are still flowing.
I'll meet you immediately, without paper and pen. Please tell my family that I'm safe.
Question: Liu Xizai, a native of the Qing Dynasty, once said, "Poetry can be seen in a convenient place, so it feels kind and tasteful." (See "Art Outline". Poetry has a rich charm among the people and can be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people for a long time. Cen Can's poems have this feature. Try to analyze it.
Analyze the linguistic features of the following ancient poems.
Exercise: (1) 1 1 It was stormy on the 4th of the month.
I lay sprawled in my lonely country, not feeling sad about my situation, but thinking about defending the frontier of the country.
The night will be over, I lie in bed listening to the sound of wind and rain, in a daze in my dream, riding an armored horse across the frozen river to the northern battlefield.
Exercise: (2) Fisherman Ao Fan Zhongyan
The scenery in Qiu Lai is different. Nobody cares about Hengyang goose. The four sides are connected with each other. Thousands of miles. Long smoke and sunset, isolated city closed.
A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home. Ran Yan didn't return to nothing. The pipe strength is covered with frost. People don't sleep, and the general has white hair and tears.
Exercise: (3) Tianjingsha Qiu Si Ma Zhiyuan
Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
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