However, it will be in a period when a hundred schools of thought contend, such as legalists, Taoists, military strategists, etc., which are highly respected by Ying Zheng. Confucius is just a cultural thought, and Qin Shihuang created a complete national system. Contributed to the continuation of China. If there is no country and people are displaced, what culture can we talk about? Talk about what ideas. Only when people live and work in peace and contentment can they have spiritual food.
For example, one can't eat any food. Is it useful for you to talk about some so-called advanced culture classes? Don't look at some other achievements of the two. From such a superficial point of view, Qin Shihuang's is even greater. As the subject said, one is pragmatic and the other is? Mouth gun? There is no belittling here, so don't get me wrong. The country is at war, and that set of cultural etiquette really doesn't have much effect
On the whole, Qin Shihuang was a political? Giant? Although the Qin Dynasty was only a short period of more than ten years, Ying Zheng initiated a series of political measures in a short period of time, creating a number of firsts in the history of China, which laid a solid foundation for later political development, so Mozi thought that Qin Shihuang was greater.
What did Confucius and Ying Zheng do next?
Confucius' achievements
Confucius, 55 BC1September 28th-BC 1 1 April. Zi surnamed Kong, a native of China (now Qufu), was an ancient thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism.
The Analects of Confucius is compiled according to Confucius' words, deeds, thoughts and culture, and is regarded as a Confucian classic. Confucius was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was revered when he was alive? A saint in heaven? Tiandao muduo? .
The Spring and Autumn Period is a very important, violent and turbulent period in Chinese history, which has the significance of connecting the past with the future.
In ancient times, it attached great importance to rites and music, but numerous Confucian scholars praised it. Ritual music? Civilization has begun to decline, is dying, and is rapidly declining. However, in form, it still retains its remnants.
It was in this era that Confucius appeared at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, which had a great influence on China culture.
Confucius' achievement is to establish Confucianism and construct a complete? Dedao? Ideology: Advocating at the personal level? Renyi Liyi? Virtue and virtue.
For example, now he respects teachers and values teaching, and is not ashamed to ask questions. He put forward benevolence and righteousness. Confucianism has a far-reaching influence on China culture and neighboring countries. Now the whole world is paying attention to Confucius' thoughts, and everyone advocates learning Confucius' Confucian culture. Confucius had a great influence in history.
Confucius' real contribution mainly lies in induction and refinement, and the Chinese nation itself has a certain cultural foundation, and the rites and music of the Zhou Dynasty are also very good. Cultural heritage has a long history in the Chinese nation.
On this basis, Confucius founded a theory on cultural thought, the real meaning of which is to face the crisis of moral norms in the period of social transformation. The spiritual culture of the Chinese nation has been highly concentrated, summarized, refined and summarized.
Contributions to Literature Confucius edited and arranged poems, books, rites, music, changes, spring and autumn in culture. Confucian culture has been the main line of China culture since the Qin Dynasty (the Qin Dynasty respected Confucianism).
In literature, The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. It contains 305 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period for more than 500 years. The Book of Songs opened a new chapter in the history of China literature, with Confucius as the first person.
The contribution of philosophy lies in philosophy. The Book of Changes has become the source of China's philosophy. What's in our textbooks? Tian Xingjian, a gentleman strives for self-improvement? I believe everyone knows.
What else is there? A gentleman carries things with virtue? When thoughts become human? Seeking change and upward? The ideological basis of. It is also the precious wealth of China's philosophy. Philosophy is superficial to most people.
Because the whole philosophy is too high, it has basically no practical effect for us ordinary people, and it is a treasure for philosophers.
Philosophy is a subject that studies basic and universal problems. Generally speaking, its world outlook has a strict logical system. It studies some very basic problems such as the nature of the universe and the position of people in the universe. It is a theoretical system about the world outlook.
At first, some friends may be a little confused. How can we know more about it? Besides, there are not many people studying philosophy now. Everyone likes to be pragmatic, but having it is just like not having it, and it also has a certain effect.
Contributions to Historiography Confucius compiled The Spring and Autumn Annals, which recorded the history of Lu for more than 200 years and was also the first history book in China. It also laid the foundation for the development of historiography for more than two thousand years. We are familiar with Sima Qian's historical records and have to retreat. Confucius initiated historiography and was the first person to lay the foundation of historiography.
The contribution of moral education was also mentioned in the previous article. Confucius lived in the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, when rites and music collapsed and morality was about to decline. Cultivate one's morality, keep one's family in order, govern the country and level the world? And other guidelines, but also put forward:? Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faithfulness, loyalty, filial piety, diligence, fairness and economy? Among China's ten virtues, Confucius is China's moral teacher.
Needless to say, Confucius advocated morality, so morality is the basis of politics. Put forward? The benevolent loves others? Political views.
What is Confucius' rule of virtue? Tao is morality and Qi is law? What is the legal system? Ruled by politics and punished? In a stable society, Anbang also has a lot of useful experience in governing the country, otherwise it will not be respected by the Han Dynasty and even later historical dynasties.
Summary:
At first glance, Confucius' contribution is indeed not small, but it is basically ideological and cultural, and there is no relevant achievement on substantive issues. However, since he is a literate man, he can't lead troops to fight. Do you do your job?
Confucius tried to comprehensively explain and solve the basic political problems such as the political relationship between man and politics, the national political system, the principles and methods of governance, and the use and training of ruling talents. It has formed a complete and internally related political and ideological system. This system not only made an important historical contribution to the development of ancient Chinese political thought.
Confucianism founded by Confucius has influenced Chinese civilization and world civilization for thousands of years. Its essence is benevolence, righteousness and morality, and it takes being upright, governing the country and courtesy as the first priority.
Ying Zheng's contribution
Qin Shihuang (before 259? Before 2 10), Zhao was born in Handan, the capital of Zhao, so it is also called Zhao. He is the greatest politician, reformer, strategist and military commander in chief in the history of China.
The first founding emperor in the Qin Dynasty to complete the unification of China, the son of Wang Bo, a foreigner in Qinzhuang Township, was proclaimed king at the age of thirteen, proclaimed himself at the age of thirty-nine, and reigned for thirty-seven years.
The achievements of Ying Zheng, the first emperor, have almost become well-known achievements. They are all bad and tired, but they have to be said. Although we are familiar with Confucius and Qin Shihuang, no matter what level, we are basically familiar with them, but Confucius is different. Although we know that Confucius' specific contribution may be a bit at a loss, Mozi explained it more carefully in the previous article. Ying Zheng, the first emperor, is very familiar to us, so let's briefly talk about our achievements.
Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng created many China firsts in his short and brilliant life:
For the first time, China was reunified from the territory.
Qin Shihuang established the first feudal country in the history of China.
Qin Shihuang was the first feudal emperor in China. ?
Qin Shihuang was the first to realize the national unity in culture.
Qin Shihuang unified currency and weights and measures for the first time economically.
Qin Shihuang built China's first and most magnificent Big Mac project: the Great Wall of Wan Li.
More importantly, Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng founded the first multi-ethnic unified dynasty in China history-the Qin Dynasty. It laid the foundation for the unification of multi-nationalities, and today China, which is composed of 56 nationalities, has hundreds of nationalities, and finally merged and evolved.
Ying Zheng 13 years old, succeeded to the throne in 247 AD. After that, he removed obstacles, such as Lv Buwei and Ai.
In 238 BC, an adult coronation ceremony was held in the ancient capital Yongcheng, and he came to power.
After that, from 230 BC to 22 BC1year, it took ten years to destroy Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, and then it took three years to send troops to recover the southern tribes and Baiyue and gradually transform them, thus completing the great cause of reunification.
Build a multi-ethnic and centralized power? Qin dynasty.
Baiyue and other places in the south are now Guangxi and Guangdong, which shows the foresight of the first emperor. Today, we see the contribution of these fields. If it hadn't taken Ying Zheng three years to send hundreds of thousands of elite troops to recover these areas and guard them, there wouldn't be today's prosperity.
There is also the establishment of an imperial system, the strengthening of centralization, the strengthening of absolute monarchy, the weakening of the old aristocratic forces, and the promotion of nobles who have risen due to military achievements.
The feudal system was abolished and replaced by the county system, and a whole set of county system and bureaucracy from the central to the local level was established. The county system initially broke the patriarchal clan system of blood relationship, while the feudal system and bureaucratic system replaced the hereditary system of nobles. It will become the standard management mode after the unification of China.
Books are written in the same language, cars are on the same track, and lines are on the same wheel. Unified writing, unified currency, severe punishment for private currency, and the right to make money is in the hands of the state. We know the importance of this system. Unified currency and weights and measures greatly facilitate domestic business exchanges.
During the Warring States period, because they were all vassal States, there were certain differences among countries, such as writing, cars and currency. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, the width of the car was set at six feet, and one car could pass through the whole country.
Cars are on the same track and roads are at the same distance, so the construction of Qin Zhi Road greatly facilitates domestic traffic. The way of Qin is of great significance. For more than two thousand years, it has been the main waterway transportation route between Lingnan and the Central Plains.
Unifying the written language has made it the foundation of a nation, and it has been used ever since.
The construction of Lingqu and the Great Wall, the expansion of Xinjiang and the construction of Lingqu have strengthened the control over the Pearl River Basin, making this area the territory of China forever. Lingqu is one of the oldest canals in the world.
The construction of the Great Wall will make it a natural dividing line between agricultural and nomadic peoples, and the Great Wall will become a national border for a long time. It is also a great relic of China. It is also a great relic of the world.
Attack the Huns in the north and recapture the Hetao area, making this area the territory of China forever.
Open up the southwest, control the local tribal countries, and extend the political power to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Set up officials here? , the establishment of administrative agencies. And bring it into the county administrative system.
These areas have become the territory of China, as well as Baiyue and other places in the south.
In other respects, Qin Shihuang built the first expressway in the history of China: Qin Zhi Road.
Qin Shihuang built the first underground palace with the largest scale, the strangest structure and the most mysterious in China-Qin Shihuang Mausoleum.
Just the Terracotta Warriors outside the imperial tomb? The eighth wonder of the world? .
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is one of the largest, strangest and richest imperial tombs in the world.
It fully embodies the artistic talent of the working people of the ancient Han nationality in China more than two thousand years ago, and is the pride and precious wealth of the Chinese nation. Left many precious historical records about the Qin Dynasty. It has left valuable information for exploring history today.
Conclusion:
From the above-mentioned construction of Mozi, we can see that some practical things done by Qin Shihuang were of great significance and influence at that time and even today.
However, Confucius' cultural thought has serious limitations and needs to be based on a complete political and ideological system and every proposition. If there is no political system, how can cultural ideas be displayed?
Without the foundation of feudal autocracy laid by Qin Shihuang, how could Confucianism be carried forward after the Han Dynasty? Become the subject of thought? Without the political system initiated by Ying Zheng, where did Emperor Wu come from? To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone? After that, Confucianism developed rapidly and became the ruling ideology of China's long feudal society.
And cultural thought needs to be established in a complete political system. What if there is no such cultural system? How does culture develop and continue?
If people don't have enough to eat and don't wear warm clothes, do they still pay attention to cultural thought?
For many people, cultural ideas and higher-level things can only be considered after eating and wearing warm clothes. Qin Shihuang's actions are pragmatic. It is equivalent to people providing energy and maintaining normal operation. Confucius' ideology and culture are like the thoughts of the human brain. In the period of peace and stability, the two complement each other and are perfectly integrated.
Text/History Mozi Museum
Image source network, invasion and deletion.
Welcome everyone's attention and praise, thank you.