In medieval Europe, Christianity was the domain of ideology and all arts. This pure religious music is only sung by the church choir, and there are no musical instruments. It's pure mono music (no matter what the voice, everyone sings the same melody). The monotonous hymn later began to add parallel melody lines four degrees below the melody line, forming the earliest harmony.
2. 1450 rpm 1600- Renaissance
14 and 15 centuries, the Roman Catholic church was defeated many times in the political struggle with secular monarchs, and its prestige and power began to decline. The Renaissance in the history of music began around 1450. By the middle and late period of16th century, the church model was gradually disintegrated and the major and minor sound systems were gradually formed by using the notation of four lines and five elements. Religious music also continued to develop. /kloc-In the late 6th century, the modal music in the Middle Ages gradually evolved into tonal music dominated by major and minor tones. Monotone music disappeared with the decline of ancient Greece and Rome, and returned to the historical stage after 1000 years.
3. 1600 to 1750- baroque era
Baroque era is the era of great development of European music. Generally speaking, the music from/kloc-0 to 1750 is called baroque music. 1750 In the year when johann sebastian bach, the master of polyphony, died, the polyphonic music representing Baroque could be considered as ending with Bach's death. The original meaning of the word baroque is an irregular pearl, and baroque is a new form of expression, which is characterized by not sticking to typical beauty. Semantically speaking, if the Renaissance aesthetics is compared to a round pearl, while the Baroque aesthetics is an irregular pearl, it is a form that would rather break the uniformity of form and pay attention to expressiveness. In a word, the baroque form is more emotional and dramatic than the Renaissance. Most people use painting and fantasy, which also shows that it has always been a technical feature of Baroque music, and basso continuo was common in that era. This is a semi-impromptu harmonic accompaniment on keyboard instruments (guqin, organ) according to certain rules when playing. The most important creation in Baroque period is the concept of "contrast". "Contrast" can be manifested in different aspects: the level of sound; Speed; Strong and weak; Differences in timbre; Solo (singing) and ensemble (chorus) and so on. These all existed in the music structure of Baroque period, and each had its own position. Many musicians in the Baroque period used concertos or complex concertos. The most obvious and strongest contrast is that a new school called "monody" appeared at that time.
4. 1750 to 1827- classical period
1750 After Bach's death. From the melody with instrumental music in Haydn 18 century to Beethoven 19 century, Vienna Classical Music School came into being, which was composed of three great composers: Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are close in music creation and style, so they are called one school. And Haydn was a pioneer in creating this style. Mozart followed Haydn closely, and Beethoven had something in common in his music. He studied composition with Haydn, and these styles are also reflected in his early or medium-term works. But in Beethoven's later works, he showed a strong personality and became a pioneer in the transition to romanticism. Classical music flourished in Vienna, and there were many composers and musicians in the early days of Vienna Music School. At first, a master was Gluck. Then Haydn and Mozart appeared and Beethoven came again. Take Vienna as the second hometown. None of the above four people was born in Vienna. They were attracted by Vienna's musical atmosphere, created the glorious tradition of Vienna Classical Music School, and ended their careers in Vienna.
5. From1827 to 19-Romantic Period
1827 Beethoven died, ending the rigorous classical period. In the first half of the19th century, new music trends and creative styles appeared in Europe, and their influence continued until the second half of the19th century. Romantic music has its profound social and historical background. This has brought about a change from rationality to understandable mysterious and supernatural forces. Musicians began to look to nature and put their emotions there. Among all the arts, music is considered as the most ideal form by most painters, poets and philosophers. This is because music seems to express the most content in the most ambiguous way, and because it exists in time, it is conditional to express the flow, change, development and activities in the emotional state. The change of ideas has also brought about the change of musical techniques. Although tonal harmony still dominates the harmony rules in the19th century, the purpose of romanticism is to expand the tonal harmony system as much as possible without disintegrating it. The Romantic Period's music has expanded tonality and harmony due to the use of variations and additional sounds, a large number of unprepared and unresolved harmony chords, and the use of seven chords, nine chords, eleven chords and thirteen chords. Therefore, Liszt, Chopin and Wagner reached the further edge of tonality and harmony in different ways.
6.65438+from the end of 2009 to the beginning of the 20th century-impressionism trend
Since the maturity of romanticism at the end of19th century entered the 20th century, music has become more complicated in all aspects. Music broke away from the field of pure music that pays attention to form and developed in the direction of title music. One of its greatest manifestations is impressionism. Debussy in France is a representative of the creation and completion of impressionist music. Just as the outline in impressionist painting is not clear, impressionist music does not take melody as its life. However, the harmony of impressionist music has surpassed the classical harmony theory and regarded harmony as a painting tool, whether it is triad or dissonance, and it can be mixed at will. Therefore, even if the melody is recognized, it is only a secondary or accidental phenomenon. Its works only vaguely reflect the atmosphere of the things described.