First, the source:
This poem comes from the first article of "Nine Songs" written by the Eastern Emperor Taiyi Qu Yuan in the Warring States Period.
Second, the author profile:
Qu Yuan (about 340 BC-278 BC) was a great patriotic poet in ancient China. Han nationality, a native of Danyang, Chu, has a flat name and an original word. During the Warring States Period, Chu was born into a noble family, worked as a doctor and was a disciple in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. In 278 BC, General Bai Qi of the State of Qin attacked the capital of Chu in one fell swoop. Qu Yuan, who was concerned about his country and people, committed suicide in Shi Huai, on the Guluo River near Changsha. It is said that the Dragon Boat Festival is the anniversary of his death. He wrote many immortal poems, became the founder of China's ancient romantic poetry, and created a new poetry genre-Chu Ci on the basis of Chu folk songs. The style of "Chu Ci" initiated by him is unique in the history of China literature, and it is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has had a positive impact on later poetry creation.
Third, the original poem is as follows:
When the auspicious day is good, Mu will go to see the emperor happily;
Caressing the sword, the jade is not cut;
Yao Xi Yu Tang, but I want to put Xi Fang Qiong;
Yao Hui steamed the borrowed wine and drank the pulp of cinnamon wine;
Drum-beating, relaxing festival;
Chen Yu-Sai advocated it;
Lingyan Xi Jiao Fu, Xi Mantang;
The dispute of five tones is complicated, and you are happy in Lekang.
Four. The translation of the original poem is as follows:
Auspicious day of the zodiac, auspicious day, respectfully entertain the East Emperor God.
Touch the hilt of the jade sword, wear jade and jingle.
Exquisite Yao Xiyu was trapped in all directions, and sacrifices and flowers were arranged to spread the fragrance.
Cao Hui wrapped the orchid leaves for meat sacrifice as a cushion, and presented the fine wine pulp brewed with cinnamon pepper.
Raise the drumstick and beat the drum, the rhythm is slow and calm, and the cymbal is played and the drum is sounded.
The witch danced beautifully, her clothes were more beautiful, and the rich fragrance overflowed the hall.
Wu Yu Yin Qi played in the Federation of Industry and Commerce. I sincerely wish God a happy and healthy life.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) appreciation:
Nine Songs is the most refined, beautiful and charming poem in Qu Fu. It represents the highest achievement of Qu Yuan's artistic creation. Nine Songs is based on the merits and heroic achievements of Chu ancestors. Poetry takes mountains and rivers, gods and natural scenery as its theme; Taking fairy tales and historical legends as poems, it vividly expresses the poet's sad feelings of loyalty to the monarch, patriotism and concern for the country and the people during his exile in Southern Chu, Yuan and Xiang in his later years, as well as his inner purposes of "taking pleasure in ambition", "talking about comfort with me, caring for men and women with affection" and "chanting family ties and taking the weather vane".
The nine songs include 1 1 chapter, and predecessors have made various arrangements to make it conform to the number of "nine". For example, in the Qing Dynasty, Jiang Ji's Notes on Chu Ci in Mountain Pavilion advocated that Xiang Jun and Xiang Fu should be combined into one chapter, and Priestess of Death and Shao Siming should be combined into one chapter. Wen Yiduo and What's Nine Songs hold that the Eastern Emperor Taiyi is a hymn, the Soul of Li is a hymn, and the Chapter Nine is the text of Nine Songs. However, most people regard "Nine" as an imaginary number, and agree with Wang Yuan's Collection of Songs of the South and Wang Fuzhi's Interpretation of Songs of the South. They think that the first ten chapters are dedicated to ten gods, which are closely related to the production struggle and survival competition from the origin of ancient human religious thoughts. Ten kinds of gods can be divided into three types: ① God ── Emperor Taiyi (the most expensive god), YunZhongJun (the cloud god), Priestess of Death (the god of life), Shao Siming (the god of master) and Dong Jun (the sun god); (2) Dedicated to Mrs. Hexiang (the God of Xiang Water), Hebo (the God of River) and (the God of Mountain); (3) Ghosts-national mourning (the soul of the fallen soldiers). Some people think that among the above ten gods, the "East Emperor Taiyi" at the beginning of the text is supreme, and the "national mourning" at the end of the text is a martyr, all of whom are male; The rest are Yin and Yang couples, namely Dong Jun (male) and YunZhongJun (female), Priestess of Death (male) and Shao Siming (female), Xiang Jun (male) and Mrs. Xiang (female), Hebo (male) and Shan Gui (female). The original text of Nine Songs is basically arranged according to the above relationship, but this edition of Dong Jun is scattered (Wen Yiduo's Revision of Chu Ci).
Judging from the content and form of "Nine Songs", it seems to be the embryonic form of the game god song and dance drama. The words "subject and object are my words" in the nine songs, such as Yu, Wu, Jun, female (especially), beauty, childe and so on. , are the titles in the lyrics of musicals. There are only three kinds of lead singers: one is a wizard who plays God, the wizard plays Yang God, and the witch plays Yin God; Second, wizards meet gods, wizards meet yin gods and witches meet yang gods; The third is a wizard who helps sacrifice. Therefore, the structure of the nine songs mostly appears in the form of duets between wizards and witches. Chen once pointed out in Qing Dynasty: "The joy of nine songs. There is a wizard singer. There are witch singers; There are wizards who dance and sing; One witch sings, and many witches are in harmony. " In this way, "Nine Songs" has a large number of words of mutual affection between men and women, and under the veil of religious ceremonies and the relationship between man and god, it has staged a living drama of love between men and women on earth. This expression of men's and women's feelings is extremely complicated and tortuous: sometimes it is manifested as longing for God, sometimes it is manifested as doubt about God's waiting, sometimes it is manifested as joy of meeting God, and sometimes it is manifested as sadness of parting from God. Judging from the artistic conception of poetry, it is quite unique.
Zhu Zeng commented on "Nine Songs" and said: "Compared with its kind, it should belong to three fu; As for his words, they were changed to Zheng and Wei in "National Wind". " Dialectics of Songs of the South are all works of love, but the styles of Zheng and Wei in Nine Songs and The Book of Songs are really different. But this is not because of the "complex change" of the "declining wind", but because of the different characteristics of the national cultures of the North and South during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Zheng and Wei's poems show the simplicity of northern folk songs; However, Nine Songs not only puts on a mysterious religious cloak, but also presents a profound, secluded, tortuous and graceful artistic conception, which has a strange and rich artistic charm.
The love between men and women cannot sum up all the contents of the nine songs. As a sacrificial song, each chapter has different sacrificial objects and contents, such as the solemnity of "Emperor Taiyi" and the heroism of "national mourning", which has nothing to do with the love between men and women. "National Mourning" is a song to mourn the fallen soldiers, and it is also a battle song with perseverance and high morale. By describing the fierce battle scenes, it enthusiastically praised the heroes who died for the country and reflected one aspect of Chu national character.
Nine Songs is a sacrificial song for the purpose of entertaining the gods. On the surface, its artistic image is a supernatural god, but in essence it deifies people in reality. In the description of characters' feelings and environmental atmosphere, it is vivid and beautiful, solemn and elegant, and full of strong life breath.