What techniques did Huang Tingjian use in an ancient poem Qingming?

This is the poet's masterpiece, which expresses the impermanence of life in a comparative way throughout. The first antithetical couplet contrasts the laughter of Taoli and the sadness of Tomb-Sweeping Day's barren grave, revealing a merciless sigh to the world. The second couplet shows the revival of all things in nature, which is in sharp contrast with the barren hills of the second couplet. From sweeping graves in Qingming to begging by the people, from banning cold food to burning mesons, no matter the sages. Finally, it is a cup of loess. When the poet saw the vitality of nature, he thought of the inevitable fate of death in the world and expressed a negative and nihilistic thought. The lines of this poem are interwoven with sadness. This is inseparable from the political ups and downs of the poet's life and the strong influence of Zen thought. However, the work embodies the author's life value orientation, whipping the ugliness of life, seemingly negative, but actually angry.