Year: Tang Author: School of Literature: Five Laws
I began to recruit priests in the morning and felt sorry for my hometown.
When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost.
Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post.
Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food.
To annotate ...
Going to Good Morning is one of the famous works in Tang Dynasty, which was written by the poet when he left Chang 'an. Among them, "the cock crows in Maodian and the frost on the bridge is rejected" has become a famous sentence. The word "Zao" is the center of this poem's description, and all the actions, scenes and emotions in the poem revolve around it, which is the focus of the lens.
The first pair of couplets, "Begging for priests in the morning and visiting my hometown sadly", describes the time and mood of the poet's departure. The poet got up before the bell of the post station rang, which shows that the poet is eager to climb the mountain and hit the road early. The word "homesickness" points out the reason why the poet left early, and shows his restless sleep and inner pain of homesickness.
The second couplet, "The cock crows in Maodian and the frost in Banqiao", tells what the poet saw and heard when he first left the post office. Here, the poet wears a string of noun beads with emotional red lines, which forms a colorful morning picture for us: the rooster holds his head high, crows and pecks a new page of the calendar. At this moment, the waning moon is still hanging above the western sky, and the cold moonlight is accompanied by the footsteps of early pedestrians in the journey. "Mo Daojun left early and there were many early pedestrians." Footprints of pedestrians have been left on the wooden bridge in front of the shop covered with silver frost. After the poet's careful choice of words, a beautiful frost morning picture jumped to the page. There is a famous sentence in Ma Zhiyuan's poem "Tian Jingsha" in the Yuan Dynasty, "Old vines faint crows, small bridges flowing, old roads west wind thin horses". If traced back to the source, it can't be said that it won the interest of Wen's Frost Morning Map. The second couplet describes the crow of a chicken, the shape of the waning moon, the traces of people, the description of silver frost, sound, color, light and temperature, but the outstanding focus is on the word "early", but the poet skillfully visualizes and concretes the word "early".
Sanlian's "mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and branches bloom on the Ming Yi wall" is what I saw when I wrote Morning Travel. Mistletoe leaves wither and bitter orange blossoms bloom, pointing out that the festival of early departure is in early spring. Leave early in the early spring, the ground is frosted in the morning, and mistletoe leaves are all over the road. When you feel the chill in spring, the word "Ming" breaks the cold and darkness of dawn, giving people confidence and strength to welcome the red sun. At the same time, the word "Ming" comes late, which also implies the darkness of the sky when moving forward, thus reflecting the "early" departure. Some people regard the first couplet and this couplet as painting "autumn scenery", obviously because they are in the south and don't know the growth law of first frost, mistletoe and bitter orange in the early spring in the north.
At the end of the couplet, "I miss Ling Du's dream, and the geese return to the pond", and the couplet is written back to the dream I got the night before I left early. This means seeing the touching scene of brilliant flowers and the rising sun, so I remembered last night's dream. In my dream, I saw wild geese exulting and playing, and the beautiful winding pond overflowed. Maybe I'll meet my relatives at home in a few days. ! These two poems are very implicit. Originally refers to the poet's longing to go home and reunite with his relatives. However, the poet avoided straightness and bent, and conveyed the meaning of hoping to reunite with his family as soon as possible with the image of "full pond" In this way, the perfect artistic conception echoed with the first couplet was formed, which further highlighted the reasons for leaving early and showed the poet anxious to return's strong mood.
In addition to being good at creating scenery around the center and writing feelings, the ending is subtle and elegant, and the clever antithesis is its artistic feature that can not be ignored. The two couplets in the middle are not only excellent in sound, color and light, but also have a strong sense of space, which deepens people's image sense of the three-dimensional picture of poetry.
join the army
Year: Tang Author: Yang Jiong Style: Yuefu
The flames of bonfires in Kyoto, Chang 'an City, crude gas oil.
Leaving the palace, the general will assume the command; Surrounding the enemy and attacking the city, the elite cavalry are extremely brave.
The heavy snow darkened the color; The wind roared and the drums rang.
I'd rather be a junior officer to fight for my country than a white-faced scholar who only engraved his chapter.
To annotate ...
This poem borrows the title "Joining the Army" from the old Yuefu and describes the whole process of a scholar joining the army and fighting. There are only forty words, which not only reveal the psychological activities of the characters, but also render the environment and atmosphere, and the brushwork is extremely vigorous.
The first two sentences were written and reported, which aroused the patriotic enthusiasm of people with lofty ideals. The poet did not directly explain the military emergency, but said that "bonfires are shining in Xijing" and expressed the military emergency through the visual scenery of "bonfires". A word "photo" plays up the tension. "The grievances in my heart" are caused by bonfires. Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the country, and he doesn't want to spend his youth between pen and inkstone any more. A word "self" shows the scholar's sincere patriotic passion and writes the spiritual realm of the characters. The first two sentences explain the background of the whole event. The third sentence, "Zhang Ya resigned from Phoenix Que", describes the scene of the army resigning from Beijing. "Tooth Zhang" is a symbol of the emperor's transfer of troops. Divided into concave and convex parts, respectively in the hands of the emperor and the general. "Phoenix Que" is synonymous with the palace. The poet used the words "tooth Zhang" and "phoenix bird" here, which are elegant and steady, showing not only the lofty mission of going to war, but also the solemnity of the scene. In the fourth sentence, "The fighters rode around the Dragon City", it was obvious that Tang Jun had quickly reached the front line and surrounded the enemy's castle. The Fighter and Dragon City are relative, which shows the war atmosphere of enter the dragon. The word "circuitous" vividly depicts Tang Jun's military posture of encirclement and suppression of the enemy. Five or six sentences began to write about fighting, but the poet did not write from the front, but set it off through the description of the scenery. "The snow darkened the flag painting and the wind rang the drum." The first sentence starts from people's vision: heavy snow covers the sky, which makes the colorful paintings on the military flag look eclipsed; The last sentence begins with people's hearing: the wind whistling, intertwined with the majestic marching drums. Two poems, vivid and colorful, wonderful. The poet expresses himself in a unique way, symbolizing the "flag" and "drum" of the army, showing the brave and fearless spirit of the soldiers fighting the enemy in the snow and the tragic scene of bravely killing the enemy inspired by the drum. The last two sentences of the poem: "Better be a centurion than a scholar." Express the lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments of the scholars who joined the army to protect the border and defend the country. The hard and fierce fighting increased his love for this extraordinary life. He would rather gallop on the battlefield and fight to defend the frontier than be a scholar in his study.
This short poem tells the whole process of the scholar's joining the army. Being able to concentrate such rich content in a limited space shows the poet's artistic skill. First of all, the poet grasped the most representative fragment in the whole process and gave a general description of the image. As for how the scholar joined the army, how to bid farewell to his parents, wives and concubines, and how to March all the way, the poet omitted everything and did not write. Secondly, the poem adopts a jumping structure, jumping from one typical scene to another and developing by leaps and bounds. For example, just after the third sentence was written, the fourth sentence surrounded the enemy and then showed the scene of fierce fighting. But this kind of leap is very natural, and there is rich imagination space between each span. At the same time, this leaping structure makes poetry have a lively rhythm, such as turbulence on a cliff, giving people an indomitable momentum, effectively highlighting the strong patriotic passion of literati and the spiritual outlook of Tang Junbing.
The four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty were very dissatisfied with the beautiful poetic style at that time. They have made fruitful explorations and innovations in the content and form of poetry, and Yang Jiong's poetic style is vigorous and passionate. Especially, it is not simple to write such a poem describing the battle of the golden drum in the form of strict rules. Generally speaking, only the two couplets in the middle are required to be couplets. Except for the first couplet, all the other triples of this poem are correct. Not only the sentence is correct, but also the same sentence, such as "Tooth Zhang" versus "Phoenix Que" and "Iron Ride" versus "Dragon City". The neat antithesis makes poetry more rhythmic and imposing, which is very valuable in the early Tang Dynasty.