Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Letian, also known as Xiangshan Jushi, and also Mr. Zuiyin, was originally from Taiyuan. He moved to Xiagui when his great-grandfather was here, and was born in Sincheng, Henan. [1] He was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three major poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen jointly advocated the New Yuefu Movement, known as "Yuan Bai" in the world, and "Liu Bai" together with Liu Yuxi. [2]
Bai Juyi's poetry has a wide range of themes, diverse forms, and simple and popular language. He is known as the "Poetry Demon" and the "Poetry King". He became a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. There is "Bai's Changqing Collection" handed down from generation to generation, and his representative poems include "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "The Charcoal Seller", "Pipa Play" and so on.
Concentration of themes is one of the artistic features of Bai Juyi's allegorical poems. He usually only chooses the most typical thing to highlight a theme, "One sad thing, one sad thing", the theme is very clear. In order to convey the theme to the readers more clearly, a small preface may be added under the title of the poem to highlight the theme, or the theme may be highlighted by "the final chapter showing the ambition". Secondly, the artistic characteristics of white poetry are also reflected in the depiction of characters. He can grasp the characteristics of the characters and use the white drawing method to outline vivid and vivid characters. But the poetic meaning of Bai's poems is not simple. He often uses simple sentences to express allegorical meanings, and achieves shocking artistic effects. The poem "Light Fatty" describes the spirit of the ministers, officials and generals attending the meeting and the sumptuous food and wine at the table. However, it concludes with: "There is a drought in the south of the Yangtze River, and people in Quzhou are cannibals." What a tragic picture this is. scene. [25]
Leisure poems and allegorical poems are two types of poems that Bai Juyi particularly valued. Both have the characteristics of being practical, vulgar and fulfilling, but they are very different in content and mood. The allegorical poems aim at "general benefit", are closely related to social politics, and are often written with pride and enthusiasm; the leisure poems aim at "being alone", "contentment and peace, and playing with one's temperament" ("Yu Yuan Jiu Shu"), Thus showing an indifferent, peaceful and leisurely mood. [26]
Bai Juyi's leisurely poetry has a great influence on later generations. His simple and plain language style and indifferent and leisurely mood have been repeatedly praised. However, in comparison, these poems The "leisure" thoughts of avoiding politics, being content and maintaining peace, as well as the life attitude of turning to Buddhism and emulating Tao Yuanming, which are more consistent with the psychology of later generations of literati, have a far-reaching influence. For example, Bai Juyi said: "Fighting two snail horns, you get an ox hair" ("Seven Poems on Drinking Wine", Part 7), "What are you fighting over the horns of snails? This is reflected in the light of the stone fire" ("Five Poems on Drinking", Part 2) The poem, and "Later, I will make a detailed review of everything that happened in Wojiao" (Volume 8 of Wu Zeng's "Neng Gai Zhai Man Lu"). That is to say, based on the names given by people in the Song Dynasty, "the names of Drunken Old Man, Wandering Old Man, and Dongpo all come from Bai Letian's poems" (Gong Yizheng's "Jie Yin Notes"). Zhou Bida of the Song Dynasty pointed out: "In this dynasty, Su Wenzhonggong did not take permission lightly. He only respected and loved Lotte, and wrote many poems. All his articles were mainly about eloquence, loyalty and alms, uprightness, affection for people, and no attachment to things. They were roughly similar. "I was relegated to Huangzhou and was originally named Dongpo." ("Erlaotang Poetry") All these show the influence of Bai Juyi and his poetry.