Cao Zhi is the first poet in the history of poetry to create five-character poems vigorously, and he is the founder of five-character poems. Among his more than 90 poems, there are more than 60 five-character poems. His creation completed the transformation from Yuefu folk songs to literati poems, which promoted the development of literati five-character poems.
Boiling beans is burning bean stalks, and beans ooze juice because they are boiled to make bean soup. The beanstalk burns under the pot, and the beans cry in the pot. It turns out that we are born from the same root. Why are you pushing so hard?
Literary appreciation
This poem was written in a purely metaphorical way. The language is simple and clear, and there is no need to explain it. Just a little dredging in individual words and phrases, its significance is self-evident. The poet's clever metaphor and clever language blurted out in an instant, which was really amazing. For thousands of years, the word "born from the same root, why bother to fry each other" has become a common language to persuade brothers not to kill each other, which shows that this poem is widely circulated among the people.
It skillfully uses the rhetorical devices of metaphor and personification to express the poet Cao Zhi's grief and indignation at the cannibalism of brothers and sisters, and at the same time gives a righteous and stern reprimand. The first four sentences of the poem describe the phenomenon of cooking beans in daily life. Cao Zhi used the word "bean" as a metaphor, and the word "cry" fully expressed the sadness and pain of the victims. The last two sentences express Cao Zhi's inner grief and indignation, obviously questioning Cao Pi: You and I are brothers, why should we push each other so hard? [2]
Citation by later generations
Lu Xun1920s, the president of Beijing Women's Normal University promoted retro education for Duan government and persecuted progressive students. In order to express this injustice, Lu Xun wrote Revenge for Tofu according to the original rhyme of Seven Steps Poetry: "Boil beans and burn tofu, and tofu cries under the kettle. I know you are ripe, just to teach. "
Guo Moruo doesn't quite agree with the view of "inhibiting planting". He thinks that Cao Pi is an important poet in the history of literary criticism and seven-character poetry. He also quoted Liu Xie, a literary critic in the Southern Dynasties, as saying: "The emperor of Wen respects talents by position, and the son builds a profit by latent embarrassment." He thought this was a fair evaluation. Guo Moruo pointed out: "On the one hand, standing on beans, we can certainly feel that the frying of glutinous rice is a fire;" If you stand on the one hand, isn't it a manifestation of sacrifice? " [2]
Therefore, in 194 1, Guo Moruo wrote a poem "Reversing the verdict and peeling"-"Anti-seven-step poem": "Boiled beans burn beans, and cooked beans turn to dust. Mature is precious at the dinner table, and ashes are fertile in the field. If you are not born from the same root, why bother to degenerate? " (But this poem is inferior to the original poem in both form and content. The original poems all rhyme. This poem of Guo Moruo, like other ancient poems he wrote, ignores the meter and takes "new style poetry" as a metaphor. In fact, it is four unlike poems, which completely misinterprets the will in conception and has completely changed its angle. The original poem shows that brothers kill each other, but Guo Moruo's poem involves what is "sacrifice" and "dedication". [2]
7 creative background
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This allusion comes from Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu-Southern Dynasties Literature: Wendi tried to get Cao Zhi to write a seven-step poem, and if he failed, he would do Dafa. The answer is a poem: "Boil beans as soup and ferment beans as juice. Honey burns under the pot, and beans cry in the pot. This is the same root, why rush to speculate with each other? " The emperor was deeply ashamed.
Cao Zhi, the son of Cao Cao, was brilliant since he was a child and loved by his father, so he was jealous by Cao Pi. After Cao Cao's death, Cao Cao's eldest son and brother Cao Pi succeeded to the throne as Wang Wei and later usurped the throne as emperor. Because Cao Pi was worried that leaving Cao Zhi and Cao Xiong (the fourth son) would have future troubles, he put pressure on them on the grounds that his father did not visit him when he died. Cao Xiong committed suicide because of fear. But Cao Zhi was brought into the imperial court. Finally, Bian Shi, the mother of four brothers Xelloss, began to plead, and Xelloss reluctantly gave Cao Azhi a chance to blurt out a poem within seven steps, otherwise he would be killed without forgiveness. Cao Zhi wrote this seven-step poem. [2]
During the Three Kingdoms period, after the death of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, Cao Pi, the second son, succeeded to the throne, and Cao Zhi, Cao Pi's younger brother, was made prime minister.
Cao Zhi is very talented and proficient in governing the country. When it comes to North Korea's political affairs, he is eloquent and well-governed, so he has great prestige in North Korea. It can be said that a word spoken by a gentleman cannot be recalled. All this xelloss saw in his eyes, and his jealousy arose, which made him angry. He regarded him as a thorn in his side and a thorn in his flesh, persecuting him everywhere. Ministers gradually understood the reason, and made flattering remarks in front of the emperor. Rumors mislead the public: Cao Zhi will enter the DPRK one day, and his palace will be restless. If they rebel and try to usurp the throne another day, why not a huge palace of harm? It's better to start first and get rid of the roots, so as to avoid sleeping in the future.
Xelloss just got what he wanted, and with the help of civil and military officials, he decided to start work as soon as possible. Just in time for a rebellion, Cao Pi falsely accused Cao Zhi of being the mastermind. At noon, Cao Pi sent his younger brother Cao Zhi to meet him in the billiard hall. As soon as Cao Zhi arrived, he was cut off by an ambush guard. When I met Cao Pi, Cao Zhi said, "What did my brother send me to do?" Cao Pi said, "I don't know. According to my intention as an important official, I heard that you are the mastermind of today's incident. Is it because of what you did? " Cao Zhi sighed and said, "My brother suspects that I am plotting to usurp your throne! How can I stand such a crime? I hope my brother can see it clearly! " Cao Pi couldn't refuse, so he had to say, "Well, for the friendship between you and my brother, I order you to write a poem to celebrate the mutual affection between you and me, but the word" brother "is not seen in the poem. No, don't blame me for ruining my family! " "If I can't write a poem in seven steps, so be it!" Cao Zhi said confidently. "You say so, that's settled!" [2]
After xelloss finished, Cao Zhi took the first step. Suddenly, he smelled the smell of boiled beans floating in the distance. He is very inspirational and lyrical. At the beginning of the sixth step, he wrote this well-known poem: "Boiled beans make soup, fermented beans make juice. Honey burns under the pot, and beans cry in the pot. This is the same root, why rush to speculate with each other? " After the poem was written, Cao Zhi said to Cao Pi, "Although we are divided into monarch and minister, we are connected by flesh and blood after all. Why pass the buck? " Brothers and sisters? I have no intention of competing with your rights. No matter who is the monarch, I will faithfully follow without complaint! The gun that opens the bow is easy to stop, but the arrow that opens the bow is difficult to prevent. If you want to destroy me, it's easy. Why bother? My father can't be satisfied in the grave! "Xelloss listened to, be refuted have nothing to say. (But according to records, after Cao Pi made this request, Cao Zhi's poem was finished. [2]
8 Introduction to the author
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Portrait of Cao Zhi
Portrait of Cao Zhi [3]
Cao Zhi (192-232) was born in Zijian of Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was a poet, a writer and a representative of Jian 'an literature. He is the son of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, and the younger brother of Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei. He was the king of Chen before his death. After his death, posthumous title "thought", so he was also called King Chen Si. Because of their literary attainments, later generations are called "Three Caos" with Cao Cao and Cao Pi, and Xie Lingyun, a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, even commented that "there is one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian monopolizes eight fights". [4] Growing up, Ying Hui, 65,438+00 years old, read hundreds of thousands of words of poems, essays and ci fu, and knew how to write, which won the favor of Cao Cao. [2]
Cao Cao once thought that Cao Zhi was the "most important" among the philosophers, and wanted to make him a prince several times. However, Cao Zhi's behavior was laissez-faire and repeatedly broke the law, which caused Cao Cao's anger. Cao Pi, his brother, was quite pretentious, and finally gained the upper hand in the struggle to establish a reserve army. In the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17), he was made a prince. In the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao died of illness, and Cao Pi succeeded to Wei and soon proclaimed himself emperor. Cao Zhi's life has changed fundamentally since then. [5] He changed from a noble prince who lived a leisurely life to an object that was restricted and hit everywhere. In 226 AD, Cao Pi died and Cao Cao succeeded to the throne, namely Wei Mingdi. Cao Cao still kept strict precautions and restrictions on him, and his situation did not fundamentally improve. During the period of Emperor Wenming 12, Cao Zhi moved to Chenjun several times. Later scholars spoke highly of Cao Zhi. There are ten volumes in Cao Zijian. [4]