Among them, "the cock crows in Maodian and the frost on the bridge is rejected" has become a famous sentence. The word "Zao" is the center of this poem's description, and all the actions, scenes and emotions in the poem revolve around it, which is the focus of the lens. The first pair of couplets, "Begging for priests in the morning and visiting my hometown sadly", describes the time and mood of the poet's departure.
The poet got up before the bell of the post station rang, which shows that the poet is eager to climb the mountain and hit the road early. The word "homesickness" points out the reason why the poet left early, and shows his restless sleep and inner pain of homesickness. The second couplet, "The cock crows in Maodian and the frost in Banqiao", tells what the poet saw and heard when he first left the post office.
Here, the poet wears a string of noun beads with emotional red lines, which forms a colorful morning picture for us: the rooster holds his head high, crows and pecks a new page of the calendar. At this moment, the waning moon is still hanging above the western sky, and the cold moonlight is accompanied by the footsteps of early pedestrians in the journey.
"Mo Daojun left early and there were many early pedestrians." Footprints of pedestrians have been left on the wooden bridge in front of the shop covered with silver frost. After the poet's careful choice of words, a beautiful frost morning picture jumped to the page. There is a famous sentence in Ma Zhiyuan's poem "Tian Jingsha" in the Yuan Dynasty, "Old vines faint crows, small bridges flowing, old roads west wind thin horses". If traced back to the source, it can't be said that it won the interest of Wen's Frost Morning Map.
The second couplet describes the crow of a chicken, the shape of the waning moon, the traces of people, the description of silver frost, sound, color, light and temperature, but the outstanding focus is on the word "early", but the poet skillfully visualizes and concretes the word "early". Sanlian's "mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and branches bloom on the Ming Yi wall" is what I saw when I wrote Morning Travel.
Mistletoe leaves wither and bitter orange blossoms bloom, pointing out that the festival of early departure is in early spring. Leave early in the early spring, the ground is frosted in the morning, and mistletoe leaves are all over the road. When you feel the chill in spring, the word "Ming" breaks the cold and darkness of dawn, giving people confidence and strength to welcome the red sun. At the same time, the word "Ming" comes late, which also implies the darkness of the sky when moving forward, thus reflecting the "early" departure.
Some people regard the first couplet and this couplet as painting "autumn scenery", obviously because they are in the south and don't know the growth law of first frost, mistletoe and bitter orange in the early spring in the north. At the end of the couplet, "I miss Ling Du's dream, and the geese return to the pond", and the couplet is written back to the dream I got the night before I left early.
This means seeing the touching scene of brilliant flowers and the rising sun, so I remembered last night's dream. In my dream, I saw wild geese exulting and playing, and the beautiful winding pond overflowed. Maybe I'll meet my relatives at home in a few days. ! These two poems are very implicit. Originally refers to the poet's longing to go home and reunite with his relatives. However, the poet avoided straightness and bent, and conveyed the meaning of hoping to reunite with his family as soon as possible with the image of "full pond"
In this way, the perfect artistic conception echoed with the first couplet was formed, which further highlighted the reasons for leaving early and showed the poet anxious to return's strong mood. In addition to being good at creating scenery around the center and writing feelings, the ending is subtle and elegant, and the clever antithesis is its artistic feature that can not be ignored.
The two couplets in the middle are not only excellent in sound, color and light, but also have a strong sense of space, which deepens people's image sense of the three-dimensional picture of poetry. -This poem
Shangshan, also known as Chushan, is located in the southeast of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province. The author left Chang 'an in the last years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and passed through here. The first sentence shows a typical "leave early" scene, which is very general. When I got up in the morning, the hotel was jingling inside and outside, and the bells of horses and chariots had already rung. Many activities, such as riding and driving, have been suggested.
The second sentence is the author talking about himself, but it also applies to ordinary passengers. It's good to be at home for a thousand days, but it's difficult to go out for a while. In feudal society, due to traffic difficulties, poor human feelings and many other reasons, ordinary people often moved to different places and dared not travel far. The poem "Traveling and Thinking of Hometown" can arouse readers' emotions.
Three or four sentences have always been popular. Mei once said to Ouyang Xiu: The best poem should be "a scene that is difficult to write, like the eyes, with endless opinions". Ouyang Xiu asked him to give an example. He quoted these two sentences and Jia Dao's "Birds are strange in the wild, and pedestrians are afraid in the sunset". He also asked: "The road is difficult, but you are worried." Isn't it obvious? " (Poem of June 1) Li Dongyang further analyzed in "Poems on Huailutang": "The thatched cottage crows, and the slab bridge frosts people." People only know that they can express their thoughts and feelings. I don't know that the second sentence doesn't need one or two sentences, but only mentions the word "seeking place", but it is rare to have a sonorous rhyme and full image.
If it is forced to pile up, no matter whether its words are clear and harmonious, I can write landscape objects, so what can I do! "sonorous rhyme" and "sufficient image" are the necessary conditions for all good poems. Li Dongyang put forward these two points as the subordinate conditions of "not using one or two idle words, only mentioning words", which can explain the artistic characteristics of these two poems.
The so-called "function words" refer to various words other than nouns; The so-called "mentioning words" refers to the choice and combination of nouns representing typical scenery. These two poems can be broken down into ten nouns representing ten kinds of scenery: chicken, sound, hair, shop, moon, people, trace, board, bridge and frost.
Although the words such as "chicken's voice", "Maodian", "traveled by people" and "Banqiao" in the poem are all combined into the radical phrase of "attribute plus head word", because all attributes are nouns, the specific meaning of nouns is still preserved. For example, can the word "chicken sound" and the combination of "chicken" and "sound" not cause an eye-catching visual image? Maodian, Travel and Banqiao are similar to this.
In ancient times, for the sake of safety, tourists usually stayed indoors early, and the rooster crowed early to see the sky. Since the poet wrote about going early, the cock crow and the moon are characteristic scenery. Maodian is a characteristic scenery in mountainous areas. In "The Chicken Crows on the Moon in Maodian", travelers in Maodian get up to look at the sky when they hear the chicken crow, pack their bags when they see the moon in the sky, get up and go on the road, and many other things are vividly shown.
Similarly, for early walkers, Banqiao, frost and people on the frost are also characteristic scenery. The author set out on the road before the cock broke dawn and the waning moon set, which was also an "early trip"; However, it is already a "cold slab bridge frost", which is really "Mo Daojun left early and there were many pedestrians early"! These two poems composed of pure nouns describe the scene of early death, which is really a good sentence with "sufficient images"
The sentence "mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, Zhihua famous post wall" is written about the scenery on the road. There are many bitter citrus reticulata and oak trees in Shangxian and Luonan areas. The leaves of oak trees are very big. Although it will dry up in winter, it will still stay on the branches. It was not until the early spring of the following year, when the branches were about to sprout, that they fell off.
At this time, the white flowers of bitter citrus reticulata have already bloomed. The word "Ming" was used because the white bitter orange blossom next to the wall was conspicuous before dawn. It can be seen that the poet is obsessed with the word "leave early". The scenery of the first trip reminds the poet of the hometown scenery that appeared in his dream last night: "The geese return to the pond."
Spring has come, hometown Ling Du, back to the pond to boil water to keep warm, geese enjoy themselves; And myself, I am far away, resting in Maodian and running on the mountain road! "Du Mengling" and Maodian's homesickness at night bring out the best in each other, taking care of "going home" from beginning to end, bringing out the best in each other; The scenery of my hometown in my dream is in sharp contrast with the scenery on my trip.
What I see in my eyes is "mistletoe falling down the mountain", and what I think in my heart is "wild geese returning to the pond" The scene of "leaving early" and the feeling of "leaving early" are perfectly expressed.