Note:
Bean curd: bean straw. Kettle: pot.
According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature, "Emperor Wen (Cao Pi) tried to make King Dong 'e (Cao Zhi) write poems in seven steps, and if he failed to do Dafa (kill), he replied as poems ... The emperor was deeply ashamed." This poem has been well-known for thousands of years and has been passed down for a long time.
In addition, the Seven Steps Poem of "Children's Edition" has been adapted as follows:
Boil beans and burn beans,
The beans cry in the kettle;
We are born from the same root.
What's the hurry?
Xie Lingyun once said, "There is only one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian has eight fights, so I have to fight, and the world is divided into one fight." (Shi Chang Tan) Liu Xie's Literary Mind Carves Dragons. A Brief Introduction also said: "Zi Jian is smart and talented, and his poetry is beautiful and elegant." Wang Shizhen's "Yiyuan" in the Ming Dynasty also said: "Zi Jian's genius is beautiful, and although he has a reputation throughout the ages, he actually avoids his father and brother. Why? It' s too high, and it' s too flashy. " It can be seen that predecessors have pointed out the characteristics of Cao Zhi's outstanding talent and abnormal endowment, and the best example of his talent is this "Seven Steps Poetry".
According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Literature, after Cao Pi became emperor, he always held a grudge against his brilliant younger brother Cao Zhi. Once, he ordered Cao Zhi to write a poem within seven steps, and if he failed to do so, he would be executed by Dafa (execution). However, Cao Zhi did not wait for his voice to fall, so he answered and said six poems, which is the first well-known poem above. Because it is limited to seven steps, it is called "Seven Steps Poetry" by later generations. It is said that Cao Pi was "deeply ashamed" after listening to it, not only because Cao Zhi embodied extraordinary talent in chanting poems, but also because the poem showed that brothers were brothers, so they should not be suspicious and resentful, and it naturally made the Emperor feel ashamed.
this poem is expressed purely by means of metaphor, and its language is simple and clear, and there is no need to explain it more. It only needs to be slightly dredged in a few words, and its meaning is self-evident. The "fermented soybean" in the second sentence refers to the fermented beans that are filtered and cooked to make seasoning juice. "Fen" refers to the beanstalk, which is dried and used as firewood. It is the beans born from the same root that are cooked by Fen. It is a metaphor that brothers are too tight and self-destructive, which is contrary to heaven and is unacceptable to nature. The poet's clever analogy and clever language, and he blurted it out in an instant, are really amazing. For thousands of years, the word "we are born from the same root, so why bother to fry each other" has become a common language for people to advise against brothers' killing each other, which shows that this poem has spread widely among the people.
This poem was first recorded in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and only four sentences were circulated later, namely: "Boiled beans burn beans, and beans cry in the kettle. This is the same root, why is it too urgent to fry! " Probably because it is still difficult to be sure whether it is really from Cao Zhi in the process of communication. However, the author of Shi Shuo Xin Yu didn't go far to Cao Wei's world, which naturally has certain basis. Moreover, according to Wei Zhi quoted in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Cao Zhi also said that "speaking words is the theory, writing a chapter", and Cao Cao once tried to use "Deng Tong Quetai Fu", which was successful and remarkable, so Cao Zhi made such a good poem in seven steps. Therefore, we still introduce it to readers as Cao Zhi's works.
Of course, the style of this poem is not consistent with other poems in Cao Zhi's collection. Because it was made in a hurry, it is far from the tempering of language and the exquisiteness of images. It has won the appreciation of readers for thousands of years with its apt and vivid metaphor and clear and profound implication.
Appreciation of Birding Stream-------------
Translation:
Spring is silent, and osmanthus flowers fall unconsciously. Silence makes the mountains in the spring night feel more empty. When the moon came out, the bird was startled by the moonlight. The chirping from time to time echoed in the mountain stream.
Birdsong Stream
Time: Tang Author: Wang Wei Style: Five Wonders
People are idle and osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty.
when the moon comes out, the birds startle the mountains, and when they sing in the spring stream. In
' s landscape poems, I like to create a quiet mood, and so does this poem. The word "people are idle" shows that there is no human disturbance around, which shows the poet's inner leisure. It highlights the integration of man and nature! The poem mainly depicts the quiet scene in the deep mountain valley at night and expresses the author's love for nature. The greatest feature of poetry in art is that it is static with movement and static with movement. The sentence "people are idle and osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and the spring mountains are empty" writes a kind of quiet and beautiful artistic conception: in the silent valley, there are few people, only spring osmanthus is falling silently; It's deeper in the middle of the night, and everything is silent, like nothing. Next, the poet wrote a more poetic scene: "When the moon rises, the birds will be surprised, and when it is in the spring stream". Because the mountain is too quiet, when a bright moon suddenly rises and bright Yin Hui falls on the night-shrouded empty valley, the birds in the mountain are alarmed, so they sing by the valley stream. This cry seems to break the tranquility of the mountain for a while, but it also makes people feel more quiet and quiet in the empty mountain. Wang Ji once wrote such a poem: "The cicada makes the forest quiet, and Tonamiyama is more secluded." This little poem by Wang Wei is similar to this. However, a careful taste of Wang Ji's poems inevitably gives people a sense of reasoning, full of philosophical implications, but lacking vivid descriptions, while this poem is vividly written, vivid and natural, with unlimited interest. Although the flowers fall, the moon rises and birds sing in the poem, "these moving scenery, even if the poem is full of vitality but not dead, at the same time, show the quietness of the spring stream more prominently through movement" ("Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry"), which shows that it still comes from behind.
Appreciation of "at hibiscus inn parting with xin jian"--------------
"Cold rain falls into Wu at night", and misty rain hangs over Wu Di Jiang Tian, weaving an endless network of worries. The rainy night adds to the bleak autumn, and also renders the gloomy atmosphere of parting. That chill not only pervades the misty rain in the boundless river, but also permeates the hearts of two people who have left. The word "Lian" and the word "Jin" describe the steady and continuous rain, and the dynamic coming from the river rain can be clearly perceived by people, so it is conceivable that the poet stayed up all night because of his feelings.
However, this boundless night rain picture of Wujiang, which is connected by water and sky, does not also show an extremely lofty and magnificent realm? In the middle and late Tang poetry and graceful Song poetry, the sound of rain was often written on such trivial things as phoenix tree under the window, iron horse in front of eaves, residual lotus in the pool, etc. However, Wang Changling didn't really write the details of how to perceive the coming of autumn rain. He just summarized the auditory vision and imagination into the rain of Lianjiang into Wu, and dyed a lot of misty rain with a large piece of light ink, which set off the open artistic conception of "seeing off the guests in plain and bright, and seeing off the lonely mountain in Chu" with great boldness of vision.
in the early morning, it was already dawn, and Xin gradually was about to board a boat and return to the north. Looking at the distant mountains in the north of the Yangtze River, the poet felt lonely when he thought that pedestrians would soon disappear outside the Chushan Mountain. On the vast river, of course, it is not only the solitary Chu Mountain that enters the poet's field of vision, but the mighty river is originally the most likely to arouse the association of feelings like water, and the famous sentences obtained by the Tang people are countless.
However, Wang Changling did not place his sadness on the river that went away with his friends, but focused on the Chu Mountain that stands in the vast Ping Ye. Because friends can get together with relatives and friends when they return to Luoyang, the poets who stay in Wudi can only stand by the river and watch the flowing water pass away like this lonely Chushan. A word "lonely" is like a fuse of feelings, which naturally leads to the last two parting words: "Luoyang relatives and friends are like asking each other, and a piece of ice is in the jade pot." The poet held out a crystal clear and pure ice heart from the crystal clear jade pot to comfort his friends, which can better express his deep affection for relatives and friends in Luoyang than any words of acacia.