Singing to wine, life geometry! For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.
Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.
Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss. But for your sake, I've thought it over.
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.
The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it, and remember the past. (Talking about Zuo Yi: Talking about the banquet)
There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?
The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep. The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart. (sea: water)
Translation translation
Singing while drinking is short. Just like the morning dew is fleeting, there are too many lost days!
The songs on the table are passionate and generous, and melancholy has filled my heart for a long time. By what to alleviate depression? Only binge drinking can set you free.
Those students who wear blue-collar (Zhou Dynasty bachelor's clothing), you make me miss day and night. It is because of you that I have been chanting deeply to this day.
In the sunshine, the deer are chirping on the green slope and eating leisurely. Once talented people from all over the world come to our home, I will entertain guests in blowing sheng.
When can I pick the bright moon hanging in the sky? My long-standing worries and resentment suddenly welled up and merged into a long river.
Guests from afar came to see me one after another on the field path. Meet again after a long separation, have a long talk, have a full meal, and try to tell the old feelings.
There are few stars in the moon, and a group of nesting blackbirds fly south. Fly around the tree for three weeks without breaking your wings. Where can you live?
The mountains do not hesitate to look at the towering rocks, but the sea does not abandon the trickle to see the grandeur. I would like to be as courteous as the Duke of Zhou, and I would like the heroes of the world to submit to me sincerely.
Annotation explanation
Sing a song about wine: sing a song while drinking wine. When, it means right.
Geometry: How much.
Going to Japan is more painful: as painful as (morning dew) but long. There is a sigh that life is short.
Generosity: refers to impassioned singing at a banquet. When used, it means "should be used" here. The whole sentence means that we should sing with passion and generosity.
Du Kang: According to legend, he was the first person to make wine, which means wine here.
Jοon, leisure in the heart: used here to describe people who are eager to learn. Son, address each other respectfully. This is an antique collar. Green fern is the dress of Zhou scholars, referring to the learned people here. Long, long-term appearance, describes continuous thinking.
Thinking: originally refers to whispering and thinking, here refers to missing and admiring the sages.
Yo (not you) yo Luming Literature, wild apple. I have a guest who is blowing: Xiaoya Luming Literature in The Book of Songs. Yo-yo: Deer bark. Ping: Artemisia argyi.
Drum: Playing.
When can I get it? When can I get it? Answer the phone. Answer the phone. Another solution: when reading "chuò", it is a common word, and when reading "quit", it means to stop.
Cross the street: Cross the criss-crossing paths. Strange things go to the path of the field. Money, a north-south path.
Misuse and coexistence: condescending to visit. Waste, here means "waste driving"; Use, and. Save, greet, miss.
Yan: The Banquet (in the original, Yan is)? )。
Three turns (zā): three weeks. Turn, week, circle.
The sea is never too deep: a book called Water is never too deep. It means accepting as many talents as possible.
Creation background
The two short songs are two poems written by Cao Cao, a politician and writer at the end of Han Dynasty, with the theme of ancient Yuefu. The first poem expresses the poet's desire for virtue and ambition to unify the world through the singing of banquets. The second song praises Zhou Wenwang, Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong's adherence to the history of the Minister's Day, indicating that they only have the ambition to help the Han Dynasty, but have no intention of representing the Han Dynasty's independence.
These two poems are elegant, solemn, profound and full of emotion. Their political content and significance are completely integrated into the rich lyrical artistic conception, which fully shows Cao Cao's personality, knowledge, ambition and ideal, and his magnificent and elegant poems.
The writing period of "Two Short Songs" is different, which can be attributed to two theories: one is before Battle of Red Cliffs and the other is after Battle of Red Cliffs. The first statement is based on Zhang Hui's novel, which is not reliable. The second statement has no history or politics. Therefore, the creative background of this poem is still inconclusive.
There are roughly five theories about the creation time of the first poem in academic circles. 1. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, based on Su Shi's "Poem on Red Cliff", advocates that Cao Cao recite this poem "Drinking and Writing Songs" before the Chibi War, and the time is set at the end of the 13th year of Jian 'an (2008). The second is the theory of seeking talents, which comes from Zhang Keli's Chronicle of Three Caos: "While seeking talents, we express our eager desire to recruit talents." The time was in the fifteenth year of Jian 'an (2 10). Third, cross-strait harmony and singing originated from ten thousand. He believes that this poem was written in the first year of Jian 'an in Han Dynasty (196), and Cao Cao moved the Emperor Gaozu to Xudu, and Cao Cao made friends with his confidants and sang it. Fourth, eat, drink, and be merry. The exact time has not been verified. This sentence is Shen Deqian's "The Source of Ancient Poetry" Volume 5: "A Short Song". It is also fun to say it in time. Fifthly, Wang Qing hosted Wu Wan Khan at a banquet in May of the 21st year of Jian 'an (2 16).
As for the second song, it is also difficult for academic circles to determine its specific creation time, which can only be roughly inferred as between the seventeenth year of Jian 'an (2 12) and the twenty-second year (2 17). In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), in the first month of spring, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty appointed Cao Cao and Cao Pi as corps commanders with five senses, and later appointed Cao Zhi and others as Hou. In the seventeenth year of Jian 'an (2 12), Xian Di ordered Cao Cao to "praise the nameless, not the dynasty, and go to the temple with a sword, such as the story of Xiao He"; In March of the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Wei Gong and Cao Cao were appointed to the throne, and were awarded the titles of gold, red dragon and crown. In May of the 21st year of Jian 'an (2 16), Xian Di named Cao Cao Wang Wei. In the summer and April of the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17), Wang Cao was ordered to "erect a banner for the emperor and call it a warning sign. ..... In the winter of October, the son of heaven ordered Wang (Cao Cao) to take the second crown, ride a golden horse and six horses, set up an auxiliary car at five o'clock, and named Pi, a corps commander with five senses, as Prince Wei ". With the expansion of power and territory, people outside Cao Shi Group suspect that Cao Cao has the heart to stand on his own feet on behalf of the Han Dynasty. At that time, Sun Quan of Soochow seized the opportunity and sent an envoy to the table to declare the surrender of destiny, with the intention of urging Cao Caodai, but Cao Cao was alert to a plot of Sun Quan and said, "This is what I want to do!" Cao Cao knew the danger of Gao Zhen, so he gave this song "Zhou Xibochang" as a token of his heart.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
"Short songs" is an old topic in Han Yuefu, which belongs to "harmony and flat tone". This means that it was originally the name of a song. The original ancient characters have been lost. There are 24 songs of the same name in Yuefu, the earliest of which is Cao Cao's. How to sing this song, of course, is unknown now. However, in Yuefu's Harmony Tune, there are "long tunes" as well as "short tunes". Jason Wu's Interpretation of Ancient Poems in Yuefu in Tang Dynasty quoted the ancient poems Long song in Full swing, Ge Yanxing and Short Songs Can't Grow by Wei Wendi Cao Pi, Ge Yanxing and Ge Yanxing by Fu Xuan in Jin Dynasty, and The Governor came to Long song to continue short songs. Now we can only understand the musical characteristics of "short songs" according to this little material. Of course, this song "Short Song" originally had corresponding lyrics, that is, "Yuefu Ancient Ci", but this ancient ci has been lost. The earliest short song that can be seen now was written by Cao Cao. It is a quasi-Yuefu short line song. The so-called "quasi-Yuefu" is to make up new words with old Yuefu songs. There are two short songs written by Cao Cao, and here is the first one.
The theme of this short song is very clear, that is, the author hopes to have a large number of talents for his own use. In his political activities, in order to expand his ruling base among civilian landlords and crack down on reactionary hereditary forces, Cao Cao once strongly emphasized that "meritocracy means promotion", and for this reason, he successively promulgated the orders of seeking talents, promoting scholars and escaping. In fact, "short song" is a "song of seeking the virtuous", and it is precisely because it uses the form of poetry and contains rich lyrical elements that it can play a unique infectious role, effectively publicize his persistence and cooperate with his decrees.
"Short Song" originally had "six explanations" (that is, six paragraphs), which was divided into four sections according to the poem.
"When drinking songs, life geometry? For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. How to solve the problem is only Du Kang. "
In these eight sentences, the author emphasizes that he is very worried and extremely worried. So what's there to worry about? It turns out that he can't get many "talents" to cooperate with him and make contributions together. Imagine that even a powerful person like Cao Cao is worried about "seeking talents" there, and how much publicity effect it will have. If there are really "talents" among the landlords in Buyi, we can't help being moved and encouraged by these words. They are trying to find a way out. They didn't expect Cao Cao to be eager for talents there, so many people who are really talented or think they are talented are likely to be eager to "return" to him. At first glance, these eight sentences of "Chanting to Wine" look like the negative tone in nineteen ancient poems, but they are actually quite different. Talking about "life geometry" here is not to ask people to "eat, drink and be merry", but to make contributions in time. On the surface, Cao Cao is expressing his personal feelings. He is worried that time will pass too fast and he may not have time to make a difference. In fact, it is imperceptibly infecting the vast number of "talented people", reminding them that life is as easy to disappear as "morning dew" and the years have passed a lot. You have to make up your mind and come to me to show your ambition. Therefore, once analyzed, it is not difficult to see that the rich lyrical atmosphere in the poem contains quite strong political purposes. Such a positive purpose and deliberately use a low tone to start, which of course shows that Cao Cao really has his melancholy thoughts, so he speaks the truth; But on the other hand, it is precisely because of this tone that we can open the hearts of people at the lower level who have experienced many difficulties and are eager to find a way out. Therefore, the intention and wording are true and ingenious. In these eight poems, the main emotional feature is the word "sorrow", which needs to be overcome by wine ("Du Kang" is said to be the first person to make wine, so his name is used instead of wine here). The emotion of "worry" itself cannot be evaluated, only the objective content of this emotion can be evaluated, that is, what is "worry". Worrying because of selfishness, decadence and even reaction is a negative emotion; On the contrary, worrying about the purpose of some progress becomes a positive emotion. Looking at the specific historical background, the melancholy expressed by Cao Cao here belongs to the latter and should be properly evaluated in history. Chen Ling, a Qing Dynasty man, said in Bi Xing Jian: "This poem is a reflection on warriors in Song of the Great Wind by Emperor Gaozu. The origin of' life geometry' is said that the so-called ancient king knew that his life span was not long, so he made sages as heirs. " This can be said to basically understand the meaning of Cao Cao's worry; However, the so-called "building sages to pass on their descendants" is a bit far-fetched. Cao Cao was considering ending the war and unifying China with his own life. There are similarities and differences between Han Gaozu and Han Gaozu in singing "Da Feng Ge".
"Qingqing leisurely from jumping in my heart. But for your sake, I've thought it over. A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a guest, blowing sheng. "
These eight sentences are even more lingering. The phrase "Qingqing" comes from The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Zi Jin. The original poem is about a girl who misses her lover. The four sentences in the first chapter are: "Qingqing Zi Jin, carefree in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? " Your green collar bothers me deeply. Although I can't come to you, why don't you take the initiative to leave me a message? ) Cao Cao quotes this poem here, saying that he has been reciting it in a low voice, which is really ingenious. He said that "a girl in green is lingering in my heart", which is of course a direct metaphor for missing "talented people"; But more importantly, he omitted two sentences: "Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message?" Because it is impossible for Cao Cao to look for those "talents" one by one, he reminded them in this subtle way: "Even if I don't look for you, why don't you take the initiative to look for me?" From this implicit meaning, we can see that his intention of "seeking the virtuous" is indeed thoughtful and has touching power. And this touching power embodies the combination of politics and artistic creation. Of course, his profound and subtle intentions can't be fully expressed in the literature such as "Asking for a Scholar". As a poem, short songs can express feelings that political literature can't express and play a role that political literature can't. Then he quoted four sentences from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature to describe the scene of the banquet, meaning that as long as you come to me, I will definitely stay as a "guest" and we will get along well and cooperate harmoniously. These eight sentences still don't clearly say the word "seeking the virtuous", because Cao Cao writes poems, so he uses allusions as metaphors, which is the performance of "being gentle, respectful and frugal". At the same time, the word "Jun" is also typical in Cao Cao's poems. Originally in the Book of Songs, this "gentleman" only refers to a specific person; Here, it has a wide range of significance: all the "wise men" who read Cao Cao's poem at that time could think that he was the object of Zi Jin's memory. It is precisely because of this that this poem will play a huge social role if it is circulated.
"It seems like a month, when can I wait? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it and remember the old grace. "
These eight sentences are the focus and care of the above sixteen sentences. The above sixteen sentences mainly have two meanings, that is, worrying about seeking the virtuous and treating the virtuous with courtesy. If compared with music, these can be said to be two "theme melodies" in the whole poem, and the eight sentences of "Clear as the Moon" are the reappearance and variation of these two "theme melodies". The first four sentences are about sadness, not the first eight; The last four sentences are about the arrival of "talents". These are the last eight sentences. On the surface, the meaning is repeated by the first sixteen sentences, but in fact, due to the reproduction and variation of the "theme melody", the whole poem is more restrained and chanting, which strengthens the concentration of lyric. Judging from the literary theme of expressing poetry, these eight sentences are not simple repetitions, but contain profound meanings. In other words, "talents" have come a lot, and we have cooperated very well; However, I am not satisfied. I'm still worried about talent, and I hope more "talents" will come. The bright moon in the sky has been running and will not stop ("stop" means "stop", and Jin Yue's Short Song Xing means "stop"; The definition of "duo" in high school textbooks is: take it as you pick it up. When can I pick it up? In the same way, my idea of seeking the virtuous will not be cut off. This is also a thoughtful expression, because Cao Cao is constantly recruiting talents, so will the latecomers worry about "overcrowding"? Therefore, Cao Cao further said here that his heart of seeking wisdom will not end like the bright moon, and people will have no worries, and they will be given preferential treatment early and late. On this point, the author will make it more clear below. It is just a connecting link and plays a transitional and buffering role.
"The moon and the stars are thin, and the black magpie flies south and circles the tree three times. What branch can we rely on? The mountains are not tired of heights, the sea is not tired of depths, the Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to the heart. "
The four sentences "Bright moon in the sky" are not only an accurate and vivid description of the scenery, but also metaphorical. Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, said in The Source of Ancient Poetry: "There are few stars in the moon, and there is no one to rely on for strange talents." This shows that he saw that these four sentences are metaphors, but that "guest" is vague; In fact, this refers to those who are hesitant, and they are at a loss in the situation of the Three Kingdoms. Therefore, Cao Cao used the scene of blackbirds circling trees and "with what branches" to motivate them. Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to your side quickly These four poems vividly describe the situation and mood of the hesitators, but the author not only does not accuse them at all, but reveals his concern and sympathy for these people in his rich poems. This just shows that Cao Cao is good at ideological work and he attracts and strives for talents with a reasonable attitude. And a feeling like this also gives full play to the unique infection effect of poetry. The last four sentences make the finishing point, clearly release the liver and courage, and hope that all talents will come back to me and understand the theme of this poem. The allusion of "Duke Zhou vomited food" comes from "History of Han Poetry". According to legend, Duke Zhou said, "The son of King Wen of our country, his brother, and uncle of King Cheng; I am also in the world, and I am not a light in the world. However, if you hold it for three times and vomit for three times, you still fear losing the people of the world. " In order to receive the people all over the world, Duke Zhou sometimes washed his hair and ate a meal, which was interrupted several times. This legend is of course too exaggerated. However, this allusion is used here to highlight the author's thirst for talents. The phrase "the mountain will never be too high and the sea will never be too deep" also convincingly shows that the more talents, the better, and there will never be a sea of people. Chen Ling said in Guan Zi Xing Jie: "Birds choose wood, can wood choose birds?" ? Three points in the world. Scholars either go north or go south. When we left for Shu and Wu, the emperor had not decided yet. If you don't spit and feed the festival, why come? Mountains never tire of soil, so they can become high; The sea never tires of water, so it can become deep; You never tire of scholars, and the world returns to your heart. "These words are very helpful to explain the background, theme and the meaning of the last few words of this poem.
Generally speaking, short songs, like other poems of Cao Cao, such as Good Li Xing, Duijiu, A Bitter Cold Journey, etc. , is a highly political poem, mainly serving the political line and strategy implemented by Cao Cao at that time. However, its political content and significance are completely integrated into the rich lyrical artistic conception. The whole poem gives full play to the specialty of poetry creation, accurately and skillfully uses metaphor, and achieves the goal of combining reason with emotion and touching. In the era of Cao Cao, he was able to achieve the expected social effect according to the special laws of lyric poetry, and this kind of creative experience is obviously worth learning. At the same time, because Cao Cao's emphasis on "meritocracy" at that time had certain progressive significance, his highly artistic performance on the theme of "seeking talents" should also be affirmed by history.
Appreciation of Short Songs and Poems (Ⅱ) A Short Song to Wang Langsi
Wang Lang's wine is drunk and his sword is drawn. Stop crying!
I can be an upright wizard.
The wind and the sun move in yu zhang, and the afterword waves of whales are in full bloom.
Take off your sword and stop wandering.
The Queen Mother of the West is as rich as an enemy. Who do you want to go to?
The head of Zhong Xuan Building is full of spring, eyes are singing and looking at my son.
I am old in my eyes!
Appreciate:
"Short songs" is an old topic in Yuefu, and short songs refer to short singing, which may refer to short tones here. Wang Lang is a young man named Lang, whose name is unknown. An official whose job is to correct illegal acts. In the spring of 768, Du Fu's family left the Three Gorges from Kuizhou and arrived in Jiangling. This poem was written in Jiangling in the late spring of this year.
The first half expresses the meaning of comforting Wang Lang. When Wang Lang was frustrated and in high spirits in Jiangling, he drew his sword and danced. Du Fu advised him not to be sad. At that time, Wang Lang was going west to Sichuan to defect to the local governor. Du Fu lived in Sichuan for a long time and said that he could recommend Wang Lang, so he said, "I can give you a hand" to save you, a handsome wizard, from depression. The following two sentences are inheritance, praising Wang Lang with strange metaphors. Yu and Zhang, the names of two trees, are excellent building materials. The poem says that when Yu and Zhang's branches and leaves shake in the strong wind, they can shake the sun and describe the height of the tree as much as possible. It is also said that when whales swim vertically in the waves, they can make the vast sea churn, trying to describe the fish as big. There are two sentences specifically saying that Wang Lang is talented, saying that he can take on great events and make a difference without drawing his sword and dancing. He can put it down and have a rest.
The second half of the song expresses the mood of seeing me off. The poet said that with Wang Lang's genius, if you go to Xichuan, you will be appreciated by senior officials in Sichuan, but you don't know which local governor to look for. "Pearl shoes", put on shoes decorated with pearls. Historical records. "Biography of Shen Jun in Spring": "In spring, more than 3,000 guests of Shen Jun stepped on the beads." The Zhong Xuan Building where Du Fu bid farewell to Wang Lang is in the southeast of Jiangling City. Zhong Xuan was written by RoyceWong, a poet in the Three Kingdoms period. He went to Jingzhou to take refuge in Liu Biao and wrote Ode to the Building. Gao Jixing, the back beam, built the Zhong Xuan Building in Jiangling. It was late spring when the farewell ended. Du Fu looked at Wang Lang, his eyes full of admiration and singing hopefully, hoping that he could show his talents after he entered Sichuan. The person in the eye refers to Wang Lang. The last sentence is the sigh of people and themselves: Wang Lang, Wang Lang, you are in your prime and have made great achievements, but I am old and useless! It means encouraging Wang Lang to make timely efforts.
This poem is abrupt, tragic and ups and downs. It is a kind of sadness to write Wang Lang's elegy from "drawing the sword to the ground"; The author advised him not to be sad and realized that "I can pull" was a joy. "Draw the sword to the ground", the mood is high, it is a kind of lift, "I can pull", so that the mood is slightly slower, it is a kind of fall. "Restrain the plug and be open-minded" echoes the elegy, "I can pull" to take care of "Mo Ai". Then introduce "wizards", use "yu zhang to turn over the wind" and "whales to stick to the waves", do their best to exaggerate their abilities and set off an uproar, which can be described as a resurgence; Accepting "don't mourn" and "take off your sword" is often gentle, but it is depraved. It is pointed out that "winning princes" should be changed from sadness to joy, but it has turned to "what door", and "winning princes" is still empty, from joy to sadness. Since "I can pull" and "green eyes", isn't it gratifying? However, another "I am old" turn made me unable to make a difference, so the so-called "I can pull it out" just became a good wish, but it failed again, from joy to sadness. One sorrow and one joy, falling together, changing endlessly, will inevitably return to the elegy of "Sword Drawing". "Don't mourn" has only become a comforting word, which cannot but be attributed to the suppression of the plug. It is precisely because of the elevation of the mountain peak in yu zhang's two sentences that the sadness of restraining the fortress is strengthened, and the author's grief and indignation at the failure to display his talents is expressed, which has far-reaching significance. The syllables of this poem are very distinctive. The first two eleven sentences have many words and short syllables. Five or twelve single sentences rhyme, the first five sentences in the first half are flat and the first five sentences in the second half rhyme. The rhythm is very short, which is rare and unique in ancient poetry.