In the Song Dynasty, with the development of the city and the rise of the citizen class, people's pursuit of cultural life became more intense.
At that time, there were not only teaching fields in the palace, but also Gejitang in Gelou in many cities and even Geji in the homes of some bureaucratic gentry. This social fashion provided conditions for the overall development of Song Ci.
There are a large number of Song Ci, which are close to those compiled by Tang Guizhang, including more than 330 famous poets and more than 9900 works.
In the process of the development and prosperity of Song Ci, the guiding role of the whole society is also very obvious.
If the poets in the Tang Dynasty were just tools and playthings of the royal family and its rulers to some extent, then the poets in the Song Dynasty have jumped from being appreciated to becoming the protagonists in the political arena in the Song Dynasty.
Every emperor in Song Dynasty loved Ci, and every minister in Song Dynasty was a poet.
Song Dynasty politicians Fan Zhongyan, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang and Su Shi were all famous poets at that time.
Li Qingzhao, a woman who never appeared in feudal society, has also become synonymous, and her name will last forever.
In the imperial examination at that time, there was a proverb: "Su Wen is cooked and eats mutton; Su Wensheng, eat vegetable soup.
"This shows the extent to which the poet Su Shi is worshipped.
It is the recognition and admiration of the whole society that makes Song Ci have enduring influence.
The Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907) was the heyday of the development of classical poetry in China.
Tang poetry is one of China's outstanding literary heritages and a bright pearl in the world literature treasure house.
Although it has been over 1000 years, many poems have been widely circulated by us.
There were many poets in the Tang Dynasty.
Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are of course world-famous great poets. Besides them, there are countless other poets, like the stars all over the sky.
There are more than 2300 famous poets today.
More than 48,900 of their works are preserved in the whole Tang poetry.
Tang poetry has a wide range of themes.
Some reflected the class status and class contradictions of the society at that time and exposed the darkness of feudal society; Some praise the just war and express patriotic thoughts; Some depict the beauty of the motherland's rivers and mountains; In addition, some people express their personal ambitions and experiences, some express their children's love, some tell the friendship of friends, the joys and sorrows of life and so on.
In short, natural phenomena, political dynamics, working life, social customs and personal feelings can't escape the poet's keen eyes, making their writing the theme.
In terms of creative methods, there are both realism and romanticism, and many great works are examples of the combination of these two creative methods, forming an excellent tradition of China's classical poetry.
There are various forms of Tang poetry.
There are basically two kinds of ancient poems in Tang Dynasty: five-character poems and seven-character poems.
There are also two kinds of modern poems, one is called quatrains, and the other is called metrical poems.
Quatrains and metrical poems are five words and seven words respectively.
Therefore, there are basically six basic forms of Tang poetry: five-character archaic poetry, seven-character archaic poetry, five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains, five-character rhythmic poems and seven-character rhythmic poems.
Classical poetry has a wide range of requirements for rhyme and meter: in a poem, the number of sentences can be more or less, the chapters can be long or short, and the rhyme can be changed.
Modern poetry has strict requirements on rhyme and meter: the number of sentences in a poem is limited, that is, four-line quatrains and eight-line meter poems. The words used in each poem have certain rules, and the rhyme cannot be changed; Rhyme also requires that the middle four sentences become antithesis.
The style of ancient poetry is handed down from the previous generation, so it is also called ancient style.
Modern poetry has strict rules, so some people call it metrical poetry.
The forms and styles of Tang poetry are rich and colorful, bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new.
It not only inherited the tradition of Han and Wei folk songs and Yuefu, but also greatly developed the singing style. It not only inherited the five-character or seven-character ancient poems of the previous generation, but also developed into a long and huge system of narrative romance; It not only expanded the use of five-character and seven-character styles, but also created modern poems with particularly beautiful and neat styles.
Modern poetry was a new style of poetry at that time, and its emergence and maturity was an important event in the history of Tang poetry development.
It pushed the artistic features of China's ancient poems with harmonious syllables and refined words to an unprecedented height, and found a typical form for ancient lyric poetry, which has been especially loved by people so far.
However, the metrical poems in modern poetry are easy to be bound because of their strict metrical restrictions, which is a major defect brought by their advantages.