Yue Fei (1103-1141) was a military strategist and national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty. Word Ju Peng, Xiangzhou Tangyin (now Henan) people. When I was young, I was diligent and eager to learn, and I developed a good martial arts. Yue Fei's father Yue and his mother Yao Shi have been farming for generations. As a teenager, Yue Fei learned archery and gun skills from Zhou Tong and Chen Guang successively, and became the strongest martial artist in the county. However, due to his poor family, he later came to Xiangzhou (now Anyang) to "make a living as a guest in the Han and Wei Dynasties." /kloc-joined the army at the age of 0/9 to fight against Liao. Soon after, due to the loss of his father, he retired and returned to his hometown to observe filial piety. 1 126, the nomads from the Jin army invaded the Central Plains on a large scale, and Yue Fei joined the army again and began his military career against the Jin army and protecting his family. Legend has it that when Yue Fei left, his mother, Yao Shi, tattooed on his back the words "faithfully serve the country", which became the creed that Yue Fei followed all his life. .
After Yue Fei joined the army, he was quickly promoted to Bing Yilang for his bravery in combat. At this point, Kaifeng in the capital of song dynasty was besieged by 8 Jin Army. Yue Fei went to the rescue with Zong Ze, the deputy marshal, and defeated the 8 Jin Army many times, which won Zong Ze's appreciation and praised him as "a talented person with both wisdom and courage, and an ancient warrior could not pass". In the same year, 8 Jin Army attacked Kaifeng, captured Hui Di and Emperor Qin, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. In May of the second year of Jingkang, Zhao Gou, King Kang, ascended the throne as Emperor Gaozong, moved the capital to Lin 'an and established the Southern Song Dynasty. Yue Fei wrote to Gao Zong, demanding to recover lost ground, which was rejected. Yue Fei then moved to Zhang Suo, the commander-in-chief of Hebei Province, where he served as the commander-in-chief of Zhongjun, and fought against the 8 Jin Army in Taihang Mountain area, making repeated military exploits. After returning to Tokyo and staying in Zong Ze, he turned to Kung Fu Lang and the meritorious military service. After Zong Ze's death, he succeeded to Tokyo and stayed in Du Chongshou Kaifengfu.
Suggestions for three years (1 129), Jin general Wu Shu led the Jin army to invade south again, Du Chong led the army to abandon Kaifeng and fled, but Yue Fei had no choice but to go south. That autumn, Wu Shu continued to invade the south, and Du Chong, who was left behind by Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), surrendered without a fight. Jin Jun was able to escape the natural barrier of the Yangtze River and quickly captured Lin 'an, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing), Mingzhou and other places, and Gaozong was forced to exile at sea. Yue Fei led a lone army to fight behind enemy lines. First attack Guangde Jin Jun defenders, and win six out of six. When Jin Jun attacked Changzhou, he led the troops to help each other, winning four out of four. The following year, Yue Fei set an ambush in Niutou Mountain, the martial arts of Jin Wu were broken, Jiankang was recovered, and 8 Jin Jun was forced to withdraw northward. Since then, Yue Fei's reputation has spread all over the country, and the sound has shocked the country. In July, Yue Fei was promoted to the governor of Tongzhou Town and Taizhou, with more than 10,000 troops, and established a disciplined and brave anti-gold force-Yue Jiajun.
In the third year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei was awarded the banner of "Loyal Yue Fei" by Emperor Gaozong for destroying Li Cheng and Zhang Yong. In April of the following year, Yue Fei sent his troops to the north, crushed the puppet troops of the rulers and recovered six counties, including Xiangyang and Xinyang. Yue Fei was also promoted to the Qingyuan Army for his merits. In December of the same year, Yue Fei defeated the nomads from Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui) and the nomads were forced to return to the north. In the fifth year of Shaoxing (1 135), Yue Fei led the army to suppress Yang Yao's rebel army and recruited 50,000 to 60,000 elite soldiers, which greatly increased the strength of Yue Jiajun.
In the sixth year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei made another northern expedition and captured Yiyang, Luoyang, Shangzhou, and then besieged Chen and Cai areas. However, Yue Fei soon found himself alone, without reinforcements and food, so he had to withdraw to Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei). In the Northern Expedition, Yue Fei's ambition was unfulfilled, and he wrote the word "Manjianghong", the eternal swan song:
Angry, leaning on the railing, resting in the rain.
Looking up, screaming in the sky, strong and fierce.
Thirty fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon.
Don't be idle, white and sad!
Jingkang is ashamed, but it is still snowing.
When will courtiers hate it?
Take a long-distance bus and break through the Helan Mountain Que! The monk longed for pork, but he said he longed for Hun blood.
Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky!
In the seventh year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei was promoted to Qiu. He repeatedly suggested that Emperor Gaozong start the Northern Expedition and recover the Central Plains in one fell swoop, but all of them were rejected by Emperor Gaozong. In the ninth year of Shaoxing (1 1 19), he made peace with Jin and paid tribute to Jin in the Southern Song Dynasty. This made Yue Fei very angry, and the above table demanded that "the military affairs be dismissed and Lin Quan abdicated" in protest. The following year, Wu Shu tore up the peace treaty and invaded the south again. Yue Fei was ordered to send troops to fight back. Zhengzhou, Luoyang and other places have been recovered one after another. The elite fighters of 8 Jin Army "Tiefutu" and "Kidnapping Horse" were defeated in Yancheng, and Zhuxian Town was occupied, only 45 miles away from Kaifeng. Wu Shu was forced to retreat to Kaifeng, 8 jin j morale is low, issued a "easy to shake mountain, difficult to shake YueGuJun" lament, dare not play.
In Zhuxian Town, Yue Fei recruited soldiers, contacted the Hebei Rebel Army, and actively prepared to cross the Yellow River to recover lost ground and take Huanglongfu directly. He excitedly said to the generals, "Go directly to Huanglongfu for a drink!" At this point, the emperor and Qin Gui made peace with one heart, and sent 12 inscriptions in succession, ordering Yue Fei to withdraw. Yue Fei couldn't restrain his inner sadness and sighed: "Ten years of hard work was destroyed! States and counties will be closed once and for all! The country is difficult to revive! Gankun world, there is no reason to reply! "His ambition is hard to pay, so he will shed tears.
After returning to Lin 'an, Yue Fei was relieved of military power and served as a Tang Dynasty envoy. In August of the 11th year of Shaoxing, he sent someone to make peace with Jin, and Jin Wushu demanded that "the flies must be killed before making peace". Qin Gui falsely accused Yue Fei of rebellion and imprisoned him. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (1 142), on December 29th, Qin Gui poisoned Yue Fei to Fengbo Pavilion in Lin 'an on trumped-up charges. Yue Fei is only thirty-nine years old. His son Yue Yun and his subordinate Zhang Xian were also killed. Ning Zongshi, Yue Fei was able to get revenge and was hunted down by the king of Hubei.
Yue Fei is skilled in strategy and rigorous in running the army. His army is famous for "freezing to death without demolishing houses and starving to death without exile". During his military career, he personally participated in and commanded 126 battles, never losing, and was a veritable victorious general. Yue Fei did not leave any special military works, but his military thoughts and general plans for running the army were scattered in books, memorials, poems and so on. Later generations compiled Yue Fei's articles and poems into Legacy, also known as Collection of Yue Zhong and My King.
The author misses the Central Plains and worries about the country and people.
The author of the first three sentences dreamed that he led his troops to fight thousands of miles, recovered his homeland, made great strides, and realized his grand wish of "returning my rivers and mountains", which was very exciting.
The disappointment and hesitation after waking up in the last three sentences reflect the contradiction between ideal and reality. The description of the scenery sets off the inner loneliness, appears tortuous and euphemistic, and expresses the anxiety and anger of unfulfilled ambition.
Xiaque expressed the anguish that the recovery of lost land was blocked and no one understood.
The first three sentences lament that the years have passed and there is no hope of returning home. On the surface, "blocking the return trip" means that the mountain is high and the water is deep, the road is impassable and it is difficult to return. In fact, this is a metaphor of dissatisfaction and condemnation of Zhao Gou and Qin Gui for humiliating peace and obstructing the struggle against gold.
The last three sentences use the allusions of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi to express their loneliness, lack of confidant and deep loneliness.
The whole poem shows the author's dissatisfaction with the "peace talks", his opposition to surrender, and his depression when he was under control. It embodies the author's strong patriotic feelings.
This is Yue Fei's first word, which was first written by Yue Fei's grandson York (1183-1234) and has been circulated since the Song Dynasty.
Spread. But how does Yue Fei explain that "the old mountain is old and the bamboo is old, which hinders his return home"? Why is he "less bosom friend, broken string"
Who is listening? "What's he thinking? People have different views on these issues. The author is skeptical.
If you want to read ancient Chinese, see the Biography of Yue Fei in the Song Dynasty. It is said that Yue Fei's northern expedition hit Zhuxian Town, and he "succeeded" but "served twelve times a day."
Gold plate ",asked him to withdraw; He "cried bitterly and bowed to the East again, saying that' ten years of hard work was in vain' once." Chen Yu's Treasure Stories in Southern Song Dynasty
The words also contain: "There is a cloud in Yue Fei's" Xie Recovered Henan Forgive "and" Stop Soldiers Table ":'If you don't keep the promise of the stone, it is difficult to fill the needs of the valley'."
In other words, after retiring, he still opposed the peace treaty and advocated the war of resistance. The Biography of Qin Gui in the Song Dynasty also said: Yue Fei "takes the recovery as his own responsibility and refuses."
Echo the discussion ","talk repeatedly and discuss the plan ". Accordingly, the author believes that the word Yue Fei was used after withdrawing troops. Among them, "Laoshan pine and bamboo are old,
Obstructing his return means that his hometown, Tangyin, Henan Province, has become an enemy-occupied area, and even if he returns to China, he will be homeless. "Little friend, the string is broken.
"Who listens" is the exclamation that the capitulators have the upper hand. As a hawk, he lacks a confidant and has no way to serve the country. And his "heart" is just
It is the northern expedition to the Central Plains to restore the past, "give me back my rivers and mountains." Shen Xiong's Ancient and Modern Thorns in the early Qing Dynasty also held this view. male
Say: Yue Fei "pretends to be small", ... and "Man Jiang Hong". His loyalty and anger are obvious. He doesn't want to make a fool of himself, so he can.
Know what you are thinking. "
A passionate dream was thus broken. I can only pour out my heart through the sound of the piano-that's all.
"Give me back my rivers and mountains" is the blood of this anti-gold warrior! However, in the hubbub of "peace", who is this voice?
Suo's true bosom friend? The mangosteen in the old garden is old, and the strong man has white temples. At this moment, all the words are filled with the sadness of crickets in the dim moonlight.
A bitter and sad song ...
In a word, this word is full of patriotic loyalty and anti-Japanese anger under the oppression of capitulation forces, rather than the feeling of daily life.