In the Putonghua proficiency test, reading aloud is a comprehensive test form of candidates' Putonghua application ability. Most testers lost more points in this item. If you know the basic requirements of reading aloud and master the basic skills of reading aloud, I believe it will help everyone and achieve good results!
First, read aloud in Mandarin.
Reading aloud is different from speaking. It requires candidates to be faithful to the original work, and they are not allowed to add words, omit words, change words or read back. It is also required that the initial consonant, vowel, tone, light tone, retroflex, sound change and sentence expression all meet the standard of Putonghua pronunciation.
1. Pay attention to the phonetic differences between Putonghua and your own dialect. The phonetic differences between Mandarin and dialects are mostly regular. There are big and small rules, and there are often some exceptions in the rules, so we should sum them up ourselves. It's not enough to just summarize. You should look up the dictionary, look it up, strengthen your memory and practice it again and again. In practice, we should not only pay attention to the phonological differences, but also pay attention to the learning of light words and vowels.
2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of polyphonic words. One word with multiple tones is one of the important reasons for misunderstanding, which must be paid great attention to. Disyllabic words can be learned from two aspects. The first category is polysyllabic words. We should focus on understanding their different meanings and memorizing their different pronunciations from different meanings. The second category is polyphonic words with the same meaning, so we should focus on their different use occasions. In most cases, one tone is "wide" and the other is "narrow". Just remember the "narrow" ones, such as "clip". Except for "jacket" and "jacket", everything else is pronounced positive.
3. Pay attention to the misreading caused by similar or radical analogies. This kind of misreading is very common, because the glyphs from A to B are similar, and the pronunciation of a new word is analogized from the pronunciation of the radical itself, or from the pronunciation of the more commonly used words in the radical. The so-called "scholar can only read half a word", which makes people laugh, refers to this misunderstanding. Such as green, brush and rinse.
4. Pay attention to the pronunciation of different words. In Mandarin vocabulary, some words (or morphemes in words) have the same sound and meaning, but they have two or more different pronunciations, which are called "different sounds". In order to standardize these pronunciations, the state organized the "Putonghua Phonetic Grading Committee" in 1950s to grade the pronunciations of words with different pronunciations in Putonghua. Decades have passed and several drafts have been changed. 1985. The state has published the Phonetic Evaluation Form for Variants of Putonghua, which requires that the pronunciation and phonetic notation of Variants of Putonghua involved in departments and industries such as culture, education, publishing and broadcasting should be based on this new phonetic evaluation form. When using the phonetic alphabet, it is best to compare it with reference books (such as Xinhua Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary). Look at all the pronunciations, meanings and use cases of a word first, and then look at the pronunciations and use cases in the audition table. After comparison, if there is any discrepancy between the two, the audition form shall prevail. In this way, the purpose of pronunciation standardization is achieved.
Second, the skills of reading aloud
1, breathe
It is very important to learn to control your breathing freely, because the sound produced in this way is solid and powerful, with beautiful sound quality and travels far. Some people seem to be short of breath when reading aloud, even out of breath, because he uses chest breathing and cannot control his breathing freely. Reading aloud requires sufficient airflow, and generally adopts chest-abdomen breathing method. Its characteristic is that the chest cavity and abdominal cavity contract or expand with breathing, paying special attention to the movement of diaphragm. We can do slow and even breathing training to learn how to control breathing with abdominal muscles.
Step 2 pronounce
The key to pronunciation is the use of pronunciation. The voice of the reader should be soft, beautiful and expressive. To this end, first of all, we should pay attention to protecting our voice, don't shout loudly for a long time, and don't * * our voice because of high temperature or too spicy diet. Secondly, we should pay attention to improving our ability to control and adjust the sound. The volume of sound is determined by the tightness of vocal cords, and the volume is determined by the vibration force during pronunciation. When reading aloud, don't shout from beginning to end ... >>
Question 2: What should I pay attention to when reciting poems? What are the skills? Hello! About reciting skills 1. What is recitation lang is the clarity of voice. Loud voice; Recitation, that is, recitation, is a kind of language art that uses clear and loud voice and combines various language means to perfectly express the thoughts and feelings of works. Recitation is an important form of oral communication. Recitation can not only improve reading ability and artistic appreciation ability, but more importantly, through recitation, great men can cultivate their temperament, broaden their minds, behave in a civilized manner and enhance their understanding; Young people can effectively cultivate the ability to appreciate the nuances of language and vocabulary, and establish the self-recognition ability of the best oral expression. Therefore, if you want to be a master of oral expression and communication, you can't ignore reciting. Second, the recitation preparation before recitation is the reciter's re-creation activity. This kind of re-creation is not set out from the recited materials alone, nor is it a simple word-reading activity, but requires the reciter to convey the main spirit and artistic beauty of the original text with sound language. The audience should not only understand the content of the recitation, but also be emotionally infected. In order to achieve this goal, the reciter must make a series of preparations before reciting. (1) Choosing reading materials Reading is an art of expressing emotions. The reciter should pay attention to the choice of materials in order to convey his feelings well and arouse the audience's singing. When selecting materials, we should first pay attention to articles with vivid language and suitable for catchy words. Because the sense of image is a very important link in recitation; Dull written language can not form a rich sense of image for a reader with strong sensory ability. Secondly, according to the occasion of recitation and the needs of the audience, as well as the reciter's own hobbies and actual level, we should choose the appropriate works among many works. (2) Grasping the content of the work, accurately grasping the content of the work, and thoroughly understanding its internal meaning are important prerequisites and foundations for reading the work. Of course, the use of various artistic means in recitation is very important, but if we leave the premise of accurately and thoroughly grasping the content, then artistic skills will become passive water, trees without roots, pure * * *, unable to express feelings and make the audience emotional. In order to grasp the content of the work accurately and thoroughly, we should pay attention to the following points: 1. A correct and in-depth understanding needs to accurately express the thoughts and feelings of the work, and the reciter needs to understand the inner meaning between the lines of the work. First, he should clear the obstacles and understand the meaning of new words, idioms, allusions and sentences in the text, and don't swallow them raw. Reading literature is a student's righteousness. Secondly, we should grasp the background, theme and emotional tone of the work, understand the work accurately, and don't read the work fragmented or even distort the ideological content of the original work. Taking Gorky's Haiyan as an example, after removing the text barrier, we should make a comprehensive analysis of the works. The work symbolically passed before the storm. The description of the approaching storm and the coming storm has shaped the image of Haiyan No.1, a "victory prophet" who is not afraid of lightning and thunder, but dares to fight against the wind and waves. This work spread like wildfire immediately after its birth, and was read by workers and revolutionary masses in the activities of revolutionary groups. It is regarded as a battle song to spread revolutionary information and strengthen revolutionary ideals. Comprehensive analysis, it is not difficult to grasp the theme of recitation: use * * * to call for the arrival of revolution. Furthermore, it is not difficult for us to grasp that the keynote of this work should be yearning and expectation for the revolution. 2. profound. Meticulous feelings are recited, which sounds cadence, but can't impress the audience. If there is no flaw in the work itself, it is that the reader's feelings for the work are too shallow, and he does not really enter the work, but "squeezes" the feelings there and "creates" them there. The audience is keen, and they will not be moved by false feelings. In order to arouse the feelings of the audience, the reciter must seriously appreciate the work, enter the role and enter the situation. 3. Rich and vivid imagination While understanding and feeling the work, it is often accompanied by rich imagination, which makes the content of the work move in your own mind and eyes, just like seeing it with your own eyes and experiencing it personally. Taking Chen Ran (my confession) as an example, while making a comprehensive analysis of my works, I can imagine that I am Chen Ran (special secretary of Chongqing Qianjin Newspaper). That's what happened to me at that time: I was arrested by * * * and tortured in prison, but my belief was firm. Finally, the enemy put a blank sheet of paper in front of me and asked me to write a confession. I am full of resentment and resentment towards the enemy. & gt
Question 3: What reading skills should be paid attention to when instructing students to read aloud? Reading aloud is reading aloud in a clear voice, that is, reading written language clearly, loudly and emotionally in Mandarin, and turning the visual image of words into auditory image. Reading aloud is a foreign language art, which needs to creatively restore tones and turn silent written language into living spoken language. If writing an article is a creation, then reading aloud is a re-creation. 1. Reading in Mandarin is different from speaking. In addition to requiring the reader to be loyal to the original, and not to add words, omit words, change words or read back, it is also required that the initial consonant, vowel, tone, light tone, retroflex, sound change and sentence expression should meet the standard of Putonghua pronunciation when reading. 1. Pay attention to the phonetic differences between Putonghua and your own dialect. 2, pay attention to the pronunciation of polyphonic words 3, pay attention to the misreading caused by similar glyphs or radical analogy. 4. Pay attention to the pronunciation of different words. Second, grasp the tone of the work 1. Reading comprehension should first be familiar with the works and rationally grasp the ideological content and spiritual essence of the works. Only through thorough understanding can we have profound feelings, accurately grasp the artistic conception and rhythm of the works and correctly express the thoughts and feelings of the works. First understand the author's thoughts at that time and the background of his works. Second, a deep understanding of the theme of the work is the key to a deep understanding of the work. Third, according to the characteristics of different genres of works, be familiar with the content and structure of works. For lyric works, we should be familiar with their lyric clues and emotional styles. For narrative works, we should be familiar with the plot and character of the works. For a short passage, it is necessary to analyze and understand it paragraph by paragraph, grasp the central argument and sub-argument, clarify the argument and discussion method of the article, or grasp the interpretation order and interpretation method of the article. In short, only by mastering the characteristics of different works and being familiar with the specific content of the works can we accurately grasp different reading methods. 2. On the basis of deeply understanding the content of the work, the design scheme designs how to express the thoughts and feelings of the original through the concrete image of sound. First, we should determine the tone of reading according to different styles, different themes, different language styles and different audiences. Second, the reading scheme of the whole work should be considered as a whole. For example, how to read the scenery in the works? Where is the * * * of the work? How to arrange speed, height, stress and pause? Third, the skills of reading aloud 1, breathing It is very important to learn to control your breathing freely, because the sound made in this way is solid and powerful, with beautiful sound quality and travels far. We usually use chest breathing. Reading aloud requires sufficient airflow, and generally adopts chest-abdomen breathing method. 2. The key to pronunciation is the use of pronunciation. The voice of the reader should be soft, beautiful and expressive. To this end, first of all, we should pay attention to protecting our voice, don't shout loudly for a long time, and don't * * our voice because of high temperature or too spicy diet. Secondly, we should pay attention to improving our ability to control and adjust the sound. 3. Articulation skills are not only related to the clarity of syllables, but also to the roundness and fullness of sounds. To pronounce words clearly, we must first master the standard pronunciation of commonly used words. When reading aloud, you should be familiar with the initials, finals and tones of each syllable and pronounce them according to their standard sounds. Secondly, we should try our best to overcome the problems of vague pronunciation and unclear words. First, we were careless in the initial stage and didn't pay much attention to the exact location of the pronunciation organs. Second, we don't pay much attention to the mouth shape and tongue position in the final stage. Third, we pronounce words too fast and don't have enough time. Reading aloud is different from speaking at ordinary times. In order for the audience to hear each syllable clearly, the pronunciation must have a certain intensity and duration, and each phoneme should be in place. Practicing tongue twisters at ordinary times means practicing the basic skills of enunciation. 4, pause reading, some sentences are very short, just pause according to the punctuation marks written. Some sentences are long and complicated. Although there are no punctuation marks in the sentence, you can also make some short pauses in order to express your meaning clearly. But if the pause is improper, it will destroy the structure of the sentence, which is called reading sentences. Pay special attention when reading aloud. There are several correct pauses: ① Punctuation pause. Punctuation marks are the pause symbols of written language, and also the important basis for language pause when reading works. The pause rules of punctuation marks are generally as follows: the pause of periods, question marks, exclamation marks and ellipsis is slightly longer than that of semicolons, dashes and hyphens; The pause time of semicolon, dash and hyphen is longer than that of comma and colon; Commas and symbols have a longer pause time than normal periods. The pause above is not absolute. Sometimes in order to express feelings, you can stop where there is no punctuation and stop where there is punctuation. 2. Grammatical pause. Grammar pause ... >>
Question 4: What should I pay attention to when reading aloud? Reciting is different from giving a speech. Speech is to convince others of your point of view. Recitation, as you said, is a kind of performance, so put in your feelings and feelings about the work being recited. You can't go wrong! Second, the manuscript should be familiar. Don't think that almost enough. You must blurt it out. I don't know if you have any experience in reciting. Standing on the stage, I always feel a little nervous. If you are not familiar with the manuscript, you will be even more nervous! Third, you should add reasonable movements, expressions and clothes. Finally, if possible, it would be better to add background music or ask someone to help you dance! !
Question 5: What points should be paid attention to when reciting? Reading aloud is reading aloud in a clear voice, that is, reading the written language clearly, loudly and emotionally in Mandarin, and turning the visual image of the text into an auditory image. Reading aloud is a foreign language art, which needs to creatively restore tones and turn silent written language into living spoken language. If writing an article is a creation, then reading aloud is a re-creation.
In the Putonghua proficiency test, reading aloud is a comprehensive test form of candidates' Putonghua application ability. Most testers lost more points in this item. If you know the basic requirements of reading aloud and master the basic skills of reading aloud, I believe it will help everyone and achieve good results!
First, read aloud in Mandarin.
Reading aloud is different from speaking. It requires candidates to be faithful to the original work, and they are not allowed to add words, omit words, change words or read back. It is also required that the initial consonant, vowel, tone, light tone, retroflex, sound change and sentence expression all meet the standard of Putonghua pronunciation.
1. Pay attention to the phonetic differences between Putonghua and your own dialect. The phonetic differences between Mandarin and dialects are mostly regular. There are big and small rules, and there are often some exceptions in the rules, so we should sum them up ourselves. It's not enough to just summarize. You should look up the dictionary, look it up, strengthen your memory and practice it again and again. In practice, we should not only pay attention to the phonological differences, but also pay attention to the learning of light words and vowels.
2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of polyphonic words. One word with multiple tones is one of the important reasons for misunderstanding, which must be paid great attention to. Disyllabic words can be learned from two aspects. The first category is polysyllabic words. We should focus on understanding their different meanings and memorizing their different pronunciations from different meanings. The second category is polyphonic words with the same meaning, so we should focus on their different use occasions. In most cases, one tone is "wide" and the other is "narrow". Just remember the "narrow" ones, such as "clip". Except for "jacket" and "jacket", everything else is pronounced positive.
3. Pay attention to the misreading caused by similar or radical analogies. This kind of misreading is very common, because the glyphs from A to B are similar, and the pronunciation of a new word is analogized from the pronunciation of the radical itself, or from the pronunciation of the more commonly used words in the radical. The so-called "scholar can only read half a word", which makes people laugh, refers to this misunderstanding. Such as green, brush and rinse.
4. Pay attention to the pronunciation of different words. In Mandarin vocabulary, some words (or morphemes in words) have the same sound and meaning, but they have two or more different pronunciations, which are called "different sounds". In order to standardize these pronunciations, the state organized the "Putonghua Phonetic Grading Committee" in 1950s to grade the pronunciations of words with different pronunciations in Putonghua. Decades have passed and several drafts have been changed. 1985. The state has published the Phonetic Evaluation Form for Variants of Putonghua, which requires that the pronunciation and phonetic notation of Variants of Putonghua involved in departments and industries such as culture, education, publishing and broadcasting should be based on this new phonetic evaluation form. When using the phonetic alphabet, it is best to compare it with reference books (such as Xinhua Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary). Look at all the pronunciations, meanings and rules of a word first, and then look at the pronunciations and use cases in the audition table. After comparison, if there is any discrepancy between the two, the audition form shall prevail. In this way, the purpose of pronunciation standardization is achieved.
Question 6: What should I pay attention to when reading poetry? Generally speaking, poetry reading needs to highlight the sense of rhythm and charm.
First, the characteristics of poetry
Compared with other literary forms, poetry is characterized by harmonious rhyme and distinct rhythm, forming a certain sense of rhythm and musicality. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Prose is walking, and poetry is dancing." Therefore, poetry recitation should emphasize harmonious and smooth rhythm and rhythm.
Rhythm and rhythm
Rhythm is the basic condition for poetry to be musical. Especially ancient poems, must rhyme, that is to say, the end of each poem or the last word of every other sentence must fall on the same or similar syllables. If the examinee's pronunciation is good, reading aloud will naturally sound harmonious and beautiful. If the examinee's phonetic foundation is not very good, it is easy to expose this weakness when reading poetry.
What are the functions of phonology in poetry?
First, through a series of rhymes at the end of the poem, all the poems that have made great progress in content form a unified whole. Strengthen the integrity of structure and image from the perspective of phonological coordination.
Secondly, the rhythm of poetry forms a musical artistic language, which can be endowed with emotion when reading and conveyed through sound, so as to achieve the combination of sound and emotion and enhance the expressive force of color.
For example:
It was a long time ago that I met her, but since we separated, the time has become longer, the east wind is blowing and a hundred flowers are blooming. Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night.
Thirdly, the rhythm of poetry makes the reciter read fluently, which has the characteristics of beauty, fluency and singing.
The rhythm of poetry can be roughly divided into thirteen categories, and the specific categories are very professional, so candidates don't need to master it now, but it should be noted that rhyme feet are rare in poetry and generally appear in children's songs and folk songs.
(2) Another feature of metrical poetry is its strong and lively rhythm.
Guo Moruo once said: "Rhythm is her appearance and her life for poetry." Externally, rhythm is reflected in the strength of pronunciation and the length of language. The strength of pronunciation includes stress and light reading, and the length of language includes fast reading and slow reading. Generally, it is used alternately in the specific recitation process and arranged regularly and roughly neatly, which can form the sense of rhythm of poetry.
China's classical poems have regular rhythm, strong sense of rhythm and strict requirements. Five-character poems should be broken three times and seven-character poems should be broken four times.
For example:
Zhumen-wine and meat-smelly,
There are bones on the road-freezing to death.
Between North Korea, Bai Di and Cai Yun,
Thousands of miles-Jiangling-one day-also.
The two sides of the strait-apes-crows-can't stop,
The canoe has passed-Chung Shan Man.
Because of the irregular verse in the new style poetry, the treatment of broken sentences in the process of recitation is free, which can be long or short. Moreover, when mastering the weight, speed and discontinuity of a poem, we must find a unified rhythm according to the content of the poem, which requires the use of logical reading skills mentioned in the chapter "Preparation for Recitation".
For example, the poem "Yan He is still flowing":
Parting ―― Yanhe ―― Jiuyan River ―― Flowing into the Yellow River ―― Flowing into the Millennium Sea ―― Never ending ―― Love Yanhe all one's life ―― unforgettable ―― How many horses Yanhe sang ―― How many soldiers drank here ―― How many heroes passed away ―― Slaying the enemy's combat knives, touching the water-repellent film Yanhe now flows into the Yellow River.
The two songs have distinct ideas and rich feelings.
There is a saying in The Book of Songs that "poetry expresses ambition". Poets express their thoughts and feelings through poems. They express these thoughts and feelings in the most exciting and full state. In addition, due to the limitation of space, poetry must express the richest emotion and profound philosophy in the simplest language, so poetry is extremely vivid and intense in expressing meaning, and the thoughts between the lines are full of enthusiasm. This requires readers to be emotional, need to recite the * * * and strong appeal.
The language of the three songs is simple, but vivid, with great imagination.
The common expressions in poetry are "Fu, Bi and Xing", and "Fu" means "telling the truth", that is, telling events directly. For example:
Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away. The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills.
"Bi" means "comparing one thing with another", which is a rhetorical device and the most common rhetorical way in poetry. For example:
The purple mist is illuminated by sunlight, and the waterfall hangs in front of the mountain. On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth.
Xing is >>
Question 7: What should we pay attention to in prose recitation? On the basis of fully understanding the prose thought, read aloud with thinking and reading; On the basis of accurately grasping the structure of prose, it is easy to read. The most important thing is to control and express emotions. The faint sadness needs to be released to arouse people's association, the full anger needs to be loud to make people sing, the joy that can't help but be forgotten needs to be shared, and the moment of meditation needs to be suppressed to bring others into meditation. In a word, it is essential to completely reproduce the emotional thoughts injected into the article by the author to others, carefully ponder and try again and again.
There is no fixed form of reading prose, but there are some basic skills, that is, first understand the overall idea of the article, and then regard yourself as the author and express the article in language!
Be sure to avoid the misunderstanding that I just read the article. At first, I will have a sense of expression disorder, but I will get better if I practice slowly! ◎ The standard pronunciation (including pronunciation tone) of reading aloud accounts for 50% of the momentum (including sentence intonation and writing style), 40% of the manners (including appearance, attitude and expression), 1 1% of the pronunciation (1)- clear pronunciation and clear articulation. Make the prefix, abdominal sound and ending sound clear when pronouncing. Tone-the first and second tones of the national tone are lighter, higher and longer; The third and fourth notes are heavier, shorter and faster. Second, the momentum: explore the author's mood, content changes, and choose the appropriate expression. 1 sentence reading-pause in mediation to strengthen persuasion. If the sentence is too long, you can pause at the place that has the least influence on the meaning of the text. 2 appropriate volume 3 intonation-different ages, different identities, different feelings, and speaking speed will show different feelings. Determine the sound level according to the meaning of the text. In order to express that some words are more important than others, you can say unimportant words faster or lighter, and when you meet important words, they will be particularly elongated or aggravated. This is the point. 3. Manners of going up and down 1: Smile, look around and dress neatly. When reading aloud: You don't have to read it to the audience at the same time, which is easy to cause missing sentences, but you should pay attention to the manuscript not to cover your facial expressions. ◎ Preparation steps1tUnderstand the content: after getting the title, browse it to understand the content and main idea of the article, and what syntax and vocabulary are used to make us feel this way. Correct phonetic notation: check the uncertain notes. Mark: How to express the feelings of joy, anger, sadness and joy? Should the pitch be low or high? Which sentence should be lengthened? Which sentence is suitable for brevity? Where should we stop? Where should it be compact and where should it be arranged to be loud and quiet? Fast, slow? Main sentence reading.