Appreciation of He Qifang's Autumn Sentences
The sound of logging drifted out of the valley? From the perspective of hearing, the depth and tranquility of the valley are written.
Put down the sickle that is already full of fragrant rice to eat? Use anthropomorphic rhetoric to write the scene of bumper harvest; ? Daoxiang? From the taste point of view, it suggests that rice is mature and presents a bumper harvest scene.
Living in a farmhouse in autumn? Using anthropomorphic rhetoric, this paper summarizes the situation of farmers' homes in autumn, concretizes nothingness and writes a relaxed and demure atmosphere.
Gently shake the parked paddle. Gently? It shows the fisherman's carefree mood.
Autumn games on fishing boats? The word "virtual reality" came into being. Fishermen play games on fishing boats and don't care how many fish they catch. They are feeling autumn, playing autumn, and they wrote down their leisure.
Qiu Meng in the eyes of shepherdess? It means hazy, writing the feelings of a girl and a shepherdess, which seems like joy and shame.
He Qifang's Original Autumn
The morning dew falls,
The sound of logging jingled in the valley.
Put down the sickle full of fragrant rice,
Use a basket to put rich fruits and vegetables between bamboo fences.
Live in a farmhouse in autumn.
Drop a round net on the cold fog on the river,
Put away the shadow of Chinese tallow leaves like a herring.
The reed crown is covered with frost,
Shake the parked paddle gently.
The autumn sports meeting is held on fishing boats.
The grass is getting wider and wider in the cricket's cry.
The stream dried up and the stones became clearer.
Where is the flute on the cow's back?
The flute hole full of summer fragrance and heat?
Qiu Meng in the eyes of shepherdess.
Appreciation of the Sentence Patterns in Autumn by He Qifang
First, love is based on things.
Emotional method is a traditional method. As early as thousands of years ago, Zhu expounded this method in his biography of The Book of Songs. ? Monkey, why don't you say something else first so that the lyrics can be sung? . Fundamentally speaking, whether it is human nature such as emotion or emotion, or advanced feelings such as morality, reason and beauty, it is the product of subjective experience caused by objective things. Liu Xie's? Love is based on things? Cao Xueqin's? Love with color? It is said that the object is used for the subject and emotion. Is this what the ancients said? Xing? Skill. There are two situations:
First, objective things make poets feel fresh.
Second, objective things triggered the poet's accumulated feelings for a long time. The former is a bold poet Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty. What time is tomorrow? Is this a poet facing the Mid-Autumn Festival? Full moon? People are happy and drunk? Scene book suddenly thought of my brother after many years? Yu Zi, when he stopped, a ray of parting came to his mind, so he wrote a poem. This is an objective thing, which makes the poet feel a sense of parting. It is also like Meng Jiao's Wandering Sons: The mother uses her needle and thread to make clothes for her son who has traveled long distances. Before leaving, I had a stitch for fear that my son would come back late and his clothes would be damaged. But how much love there is in that inch-long grass, have you got three rays of spring? This is the life picture of a loving mother sewing clothes for her son who is about to travel far away, and it is this objective life that makes the poet feel a kind of affection and praise for his mother.
Obviously, the theme? The poet's experience is born entirely from the objective life picture. In other words, emotions are based on things. In the latter case, such as Liu Zongyuan's "Seven Wonders", the coastal mountains are like swords, and Qiu Lai gives up her heart everywhere. How can we turn this body into tens of millions, scattered to the heads of state's homes to see! ? ("Look at the Lord at the beginning, send friends and relatives in Beijing") Is it obviously autumn here? Seaside mountain? Touched the poet's homesickness, but there is no inevitable internal connection between Qiushan and homesickness, but the physical connection plays the role of thixotropic agent. There are also Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night and Liu Yong's Basheng Ganzhou, which also belong to this category.
As for Fan Zhongyan's famous sentence: Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself? Is it on the other hand? Love is based on things? The use of manipulation.
Second, express your thoughts directly.
There were some lyric poems in ancient times, which put the scenery into the poet's mind and directly expressed fiery feelings. For example, Xiang Yu's "Gaixia Song": the mountain is difficult to pull out, and it will not die when it is unfavorable. I can't help it without dying, but I can't. ? The hero's ending is strong and fierce, and a generation of tragedies is on the paper. Although there is no scenery, you can imagine the dilemma of being besieged on all sides because of feelings. Also like Xin Qiji's Happy Forever? Gu Beiting in Hekou is nostalgic. Who can ask: Lian Po is too old to eat? In a few words, the poet borrowed Lian Po's canon to express his ambition beyond the ancient times, and his ambition will not change. Although there is nothing in the poem? Jingyu? But the poet's white-haired and unique Gu Beiting looked up at the sky and asked questions. This kind of poems, such as Lu You's ShiZi and Cao Cao's Although the Turtle has a Long Life, are full of strong feelings, and the objective scenery has melted into affection, so you will feel immersive after reading it.
Third, the emotional view of things.
Art psychology calls this method? Empathy? . ? Falling red is not heartless, but turning into spring mud can protect flowers better? . Gong Zizhen, what are these two poems? Empathy? Image description of the method.
? Worried about the ebb and flow of the tide, it is difficult to ebb. ? The object disappears, but the feeling still exists in the subject. The feelings contained in the subject are relatively independent. It not only reflects the object, but also acts on it. ? Poets are the darling of feelings? . (Guo Moruo) Therefore, climbing mountains is full of feelings, while watching the sea is full of meaning. Liu Xie summed up this emotional phenomenon that the subject acts on the object as? Something emotional? Wen Xin Diao Long. This is universal and widely used in artistic observation and artistic conception. Like what? The candle on the table lit the heart, and it also saw the parting; You see, it shed tears for us and flowed to the morning. ? (Du Mu's farewell)? Xiaofeng stole wine all night, but invited Gu Song to cover up the drunken guests? . (Yang Wanli's Autumn Mountain)? I was afraid of falling asleep at night, so I wore red makeup around the tall candle. ? (Su Shi's Begonia) Obviously, the poet put his heart on farewell and affection for flowers? Location shooting? On the candle, Haitang and Xiaofeng, therefore, they will be sad, sleep and be ashamed, and become the materialized feelings or transformation objects in the art world. It makes inanimate objects have artistic life and receives wonderful artistic effects.
This artistic method of empathy can also produce direct or indirect empathy in complex artistic creation. The artistic effect is higher. A good word in a dream of red mansions:? Leng Yue buried the flower soul? It contains double empathy, with people as the main body and flowers and the moon as the objects. First, people? Soul? Move in? Flowers? And then what? Flowers? Have a drink. Soul? , and then what? Flower soul? Moving in again? Month? Medium. Thus, the pure feelings of the subject turned into flowers and months. The image is getting clearer and clearer.
This kind of emotional activity that pays attention to scenery or expresses emotions is very dominant for poets. Wang Guowei said in "Words on Earth": Poets must have disdain for foreign things, so they can command romantic life with slaves. You must have a feeling of changing your mind about things in order to have the joy of flowers and birds. ? The artistic conception of lyric works is determined by the feelings reflected by the subject.
Fourth, borrow scenery to express emotion.
Jiang Xue by Liu Zongyuan is a representative lyric work. There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths. A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice. ? In this painting, the main body does not appear at all, and the poet seems to have described the scene of fishing alone in the Han River purely objectively. In fact, as long as you carefully ponder the body odor, you will have a feeling of loneliness and anxiety about loneliness. Here, the feelings contained in the subject are integrated into the scenery, and the image of the poet is hidden behind the scenery.
The characteristic of lyric works by borrowing scenery is that there is no obvious performance? Love words are like Cao Cao's:? There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on? The poet doesn't express his mind directly, but calls himself? World hero? Cao Cao's great political ambition is beyond words. That's true. Without a word, it's all romantic. (Si Kongtu's "Poetry") Here, the scenery is viewed with emotion, the scenery is selected with emotion, and the scenery is fixed with emotion. As Wang Guowei said, all scenery words love language. ?
Five, the scene blend
In thinking in images, subject and object sometimes interact. Art psychology calls the subject acting on the object emotion? Location shooting? And the object reacts to the subject as emotion? Internal imitation? . (Zhu Guangqian's Psychology of Literature and Art) The extreme of this interaction is that things and I are together. It is a very high artistic realm.
Jing has a poem by Yongmei, saying that he has reached the state of selflessness or sameness between artistic ideas. The moon is like a tooth, and the window screen is printed in front of the court. The old pen that escaped Zen should be difficult to draw and better than others. According to Hu Zaishan, I was scolded by his wife. Why do you care? Mostly plum blossoms. It's me. I'm plum blossoms. ? In the dim moonlight, thin light passes through the window screen and sparse plum shadow, which makes the poet fascinated and fascinated by the plum window and causes his wife's complaint. In fact, the poet has entered a high artistic realm, and he has been integrated with plum blossom.
The subject and object are the same, sometimes in the whole scope and sometimes in the local scope. For example, in A Dream of Red Mansions, the last four sentences of Daiyu's autumn window are stormy. The cold smoke house turned into depression, and the bamboo window dripped when it was empty; I don't know when the storm will stop, but I have taught my tears to wet the window screen. ? The objective scenery here is the screen window dripping with autumn rain. However, because of people and things? The interaction of autumn wind and autumn rain at dusk, in the artistic realm of the poet, the tears of the subject and the objective raindrops are combined into one. Rain? Tears? It is difficult to distinguish, and there is no need to distinguish.
There is also Liu Yuxi's well-known Zhi Zhu Ci: Willow Green is in Jiang Shuiping, and I can hear the songs on the Langjiang River. Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny. ? The objective scene here is sunrise after rain, and lovers say goodbye forever. So, really? Ruthless? Medium? Love? . Poets use it? How are you? With what? Love? Homophonic, produce association; But as far as the relationship between people and things is concerned, although the two? Alien? But? The sense of farewell of isomorphic lovers, like warm sunshine, warms the heart and spleen. Therefore, in the artistic realm of the poet, the harmony between emotion and scenery has reached the extreme. That this poem will be passed down through the ages and become a swan song.