Du Fu
Seeing that the guest was worried, the rogue came to Chunjiang Pavilion.
That is, send flowers for further study (4), and then teach Yingying Taitai Ding Ning (5).
Translation:
Seeing that I was immersed in the sadness of staying at home, I couldn't extricate myself, but I didn't know the human feelings and came to Jiangting unscrupulously. It is too rash to let flowers bloom once, and it is too hard to teach warblers to sing once.
Notes on key points and difficulties: ① This group of quatrains was written in the second year of Du Fu's residence in Chengdu Caotang, that is, the second year of Dai Zong Shang Yuan (76 1). "Man Xing", write whatever you want. 2 don't wake up: intoxicated and confused. 3 rogue: I don't understand human feelings. Right away, right away. Expectation: reckless, rash. 5 Then: Come again.
Appreciation and inspiration:
The most prominent feature of this poem is to write sadness with musical scenes. Du Fu came to Chengdu and built a thatched cottage with the help of his friends. The scenery here is beautiful, and his life here is relatively stable. But he did not forget that the national disaster has not been removed and it is difficult to return to his hometown. Therefore, his worries about his motherland still haunt him from time to time. So how do you write this "guest worry"? The poet combines his mood with provocative spring scenery, deepens his thoughts and feelings in the opposition between emotion and scenery, and strengthens the artistic effect of poetry. The scene of being annoyed with spring in the poem is similar to the artistic conception of "the petals are already in tears, and the lonely bird has been singing and moaning" in Looking at Spring. They are all written in the way of "happy scenery and sad writing" (Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua"), which is doubly sad. Therefore, in the poem, Wang Jiangting's spring scenery made him feel like a rogue, but when he saw the flowers in full bloom in the spring breeze, he felt that he was too Ding Ning, which doubled the poet's troubles and worries. This artistic expression conforms to the reality in life. Qiu commented on this poem and said: "When people are comfortable, spring is also affectionate; People are frustrated and spring scenery becomes hooligans. " (Detailed Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems, Volume 9) It was the poet who fully described the true feelings at that time, which deeply touched the readers' hearts and aroused * * *.
Du Fu (712-770), with beautiful words, was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai and is known as "Du Li" in the world. The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering.
Du Fu is a great realistic poet, who wrote 1400 poems in his life. His experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods.
First, the roaming period of reading (before the age of 35)
During this period, he traveled to Wu, Yue (now Jiangsu and Zhejiang), Qi and Zhao (now northern Shandong and southern Hebei) and worked in Luoyang. After meeting Li Bai in Luoyang, they formed a profound friendship, then met Gao Shi and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to Jizhou again, met at the east foot after breaking up, and separated again, so there was no chance to meet again.
Second, trapped in Chang' an period (35 to 44 years old)
During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "detaining the rich in the morning, following the fat horse dust at night, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding his worries everywhere". Finally, he got a small official who led the government to join the army. During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.
3. Being trapped as a thief and being an official (45 to 48 years old).
When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope, Ai Jiangtou and Sad Chen Tao. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of the suggestion, Shangshu was demoted to be the prime minister of joining the army. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
Fourth, the wandering period in the southwest (48 to 58 years old).
With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. Then go back to Chengdu. After Yanwu's death, he drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to the same lake and died on the Xiangjiang River. The works of this period include Heart on the Water Threshold, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sick Orange, Climbing the Building, Book Reading, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Showing Wu Lang again, Ascending the Mountain, Qiu Xing, Three Jueju and Sui Yanxing.
Throughout his life, Du Fu's thoughts were "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" and "being the best monarch and being Yao Shun", so his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the old themes of Yuefu, and created many new themes of Yuefu, such as "three officials" and "three parting", which had a positive impact on the "new Yuefu movement" of Baiyuan. For details about his life, see Old Tang Book (volume 190). This is Du Gongbu.
Thoughts on Bamboo and Crane
Qian Wei Yan
Fine jade is rustling in the water, and the wind should be clear at night and dew in autumn.
Even better is to teach the immortal horse to stand by, which is the best in the world.
Note: Ji Xian, namely Crane.
This is a poem about bamboo, which actually expresses the poet's interest.
The poem is set on a clear and white autumn night with water as the lining, which sets off the thin bones and rustling charm of bamboo, coupled with an imaginary white crane. What the poet yearns for is a kind of detached, elegant and refined taste.
It means: the distant clouds float slowly on the clear water, and the breeze makes the night dew drip slowly. I stand with my beloved crane. Perhaps this is the first-class beauty in the world. .
In the Song Dynasty, Qian said, "Thin clouds are rustling in the water, and the wind should be clear at night and dew in autumn. It is also the first class in the world to teach Ji Xian to stand next to him. " On the surface, I yearn for a lofty and refined life like a floating cloud and a wild crane, while some poetry critics point out that this poem is "a complaint in the bones." This is an insight, this is a word. Wang Yucheng, another Song Dynasty poet, loved bamboo all his life and wrote many poems about it. Especially after he was demoted to Shangzhou for being framed for two years in Chunhua, he wrote, "Who planted hundreds of rustling poles? The accompanying song is called idle official. Don't compete with Yan Yan for spring scenery, stay cold alone. " (Bamboo in the Official House) is the poet's hardship in the face of cold counties and villages, and the expression of the inner sadness of the relocated guests. Later, "I didn't see bamboo on my clothes, but I didn't smell it for a long time." ("Xi Yi Xue Zhong Xian") and "Broken dreams, half drunk outside the window, moonlight in Bo Xue. Mo Yan's official is sloppy and wears clothes all night to see this gentleman. " Watching bamboo on a snowy night is a kind of self-forgiveness facing the ups and downs of life.
Thoughts on Bamboo and Crane
Qian Wei Yan
Fine jade is rustling in the water, and the wind should be clear at night and dew in autumn.
Even better is to teach the immortal horse to stand by, which is the best in the world.
Make an appreciative comment
From the ninth year of Tiansheng (103 1) to the second year (1033), Qian was appointed as the magistrate of Henan Province (now Luoyang, Henan Province), where poetry was regarded as.
Praising thin bamboo cranes is first-class elegance. Chen Yan's "Essence of Song Poetry" comments on this poem: "As an identity, it is a first-class human language." As far as poetry is concerned, what you see is true, but the quality of money's human reality is no less than nothing. Yuan Haowen's "On Thirty Poems" has a saying: "The heart is always distorted, and the article would rather see people again", which is generous to this kind of thing.