After a heavy rain, I was in Wangchuan's cabin.
Wang Wei
It's raining in the Woods, and then it's slow to smoke. Steamed quinoa and boiled millet in Xiangdong? .
An egret flies over the quiet swamp, and mango birds sing in the trees in midsummer.
I learned to watch the morning glory in the mountains calmly and eat sunflower seeds with dew under the pine trees.
Why should I scare seagulls, even if I think about it, by giving the honorary position to any clown? ?
Wangchuanzhuang, located in the middle of Zhong Nanshan Mountain in Lantian, Shaanxi, is Wang Wei's seclusion place. "Biography of Wang Wei in Old Tang Dynasty" records: "All Uighur brothers respect Buddha, live on vegetables and don't eat blood. Grow up fast in your later years and don't wear clothes. " In these seven laws, the poet described his quiet and elegant Zen life with the quiet and beautiful pastoral scenery of Wangchuan, and created a kind of artistic conception of harmony between things and me.
"There is rain in the forest, and there is smoke from the kitchen. Steamed quinoa cooks millet in Xiangdong? . "The first couplet describing Tian's life is what the poet saw on the mountain: it was the rainy season, the sky was wet, the air was moist, the smoke rose slowly over the quiet jungle, and the farmers at the foot of the mountain were cooking. A woman's house steamed quinoa and boiled millet, and brought the dishes to the east? -Tiantou in the east, where men go to work early in the morning. As far as the poet can see, he first wrote the fireworks in the empty forest. The word "night" not only vividly described the smoke in the kitchen on rainy days, but also revealed the poet's leisurely mood. Then, we write about cooking in the morning, paying farm money and even having a picnic in the field, showing a series of pictures of people's activities, which are orderly and full of life breath, making people want to see the happy mood of farmer Fu Tian.
The natural scenery written by Zhuan Xu is also the result of the poet's meditation: "An egret flies over the quiet wetland, and mango birds sing in the trees in midsummer." You see, in the vast and empty flat land full of stagnant water, egrets take off, and their posture is so quiet and chic; Listen, far and near, in the beautiful forest, orioles are singing to each other, and their voices are so sweet and happy. In the summer of Wangchuan, birds are flying, and the poet only chooses orioles and egrets with different shapes and habits to describe them in connection with their respective backgrounds: snow-white egrets and golden orioles have different colors in vision; Egrets fly, orioles sing, one takes dynamics, the other takes sound; Desert, describing the wide distribution of paddy fields and broad vision; The sky is cloudy, the summer trees are dense and the realm is deep. These two scenes set off each other and cooperate with each other, making the rainy weather in Wangchuan, Shan Ye picturesque. The so-called "painting in poetry" is a good example.
Li Zhao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, sneered at Wang Wei's "Yi Xue articles and good sentences" (in the national history supplement) because he saw Li Jia's poem "Egrets fly to paddy fields and orioles sing in summer". Hu Yinglin, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, advised him: "When the Tang Dynasty flourished, you can arrest the Tang Dynasty and arrest those who stole it in advance." ? This is Jia Zheng's fishing poem. "("Poetry, Internal Compilation "Volume 5) Accordingly, it is hard to say who copied the poems of the same period and later. But from an artistic point of view, their poems are still competitive. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "Adding the words" desert "and" Yin Yin "to these two sentences is a kind of embellishment of beauty, so as to see its own beauty. For example, Li Guangbi gave orders to the Guo Ziyi army, which was wonderful several times. " "Mo Mo" has a broad meaning, while "Yin Yin" has a profound meaning. "Mo Mo Paddy Field", "Yin Ying Xia Mu" and "Paddy Field" and "Xia Mu" are in the same breath, and the picture is open and profound, full of sense of realm, rendering a vague and confused tone and atmosphere of rainy weather.
If the carefree working life of farmers written in the first couplet aroused the poet's strong interest and admiration, then the poet would be more intoxicated with the free flight of orioles and egrets. Moreover, in these two couplets, the activities of characters and natural scenery are not simple imitations of objective things, but have been induced and filtered by the poet's mind, with distinct subjective colors and reflecting the poet's personality. For Wang Wei, "Time goes by, but it gives me peace and relief from all kinds of affairs", being in this idyllic Wangchuan Villa is really a happy place, which can't help but make him feel endless fun. The following two couplets express the poet's joy of seclusion in the mountains.
"I learned to watch the morning glory in the mountains calmly and eat sunflower seeds with dew under the pine branches." The poet lived alone in an empty mountain, lived in seclusion under a pine forest, and realized that life was short by participating in hibiscus, and picked sunflower for fasting. This feeling, in the eyes of ordinary people, is too lonely? However, poets who have long been tired of the hustle and bustle of the world have taken great interest in it. Compared with vanity fair, which has always been disturbing and derailed, what a world this is!
Why should I scare seagulls, even if I think about it, by giving the honorary position to any clown? ? Wilder always calls himself a poet. The poet happily declared: I have already gone to the machine, and I have never thought of vulgarity. I am out of my destiny and I have no problems with others. Who else will doubt me for no reason? Ordinary people can almost avoid worldly troubles and indulge in the joy of the mountains. "Zhuangzi Miscellaneous Fables" contains: Yang Zhu went to learn Taoism from Laozi, and the innkeeper greeted him on the way, and all the guests gave up their seats; After coming back from school, tourists no longer give up their seats, but "compete for seats" with him, which shows that Yang Zhu has gained the way of nature and is no longer separated from others. Liezi Huangdi contains: there are people near gulls at sea, and they don't suspect each other. One day, his father asked him to take the seagulls home. When he went to the seaside again, the seagulls flew far away, and his intimate relationship with them was destroyed by his ulterior motives. These two allusions, which are full of colors of Laozi and Zhuangzi, are combined into one, expressing the poet's state of mind, which is the result of writing Zhai Qing and Xi Jing in the first league.
This seven laws, vivid in image and profound in meaning, shows the poet's leisure in seclusion in the mountains and away from the secular world, and is the representative work of Wang Wei's pastoral poems. Once upon a time, some people regarded it as the culmination of the seven laws of the whole Tang Dynasty, saying that it was the acme of "empty the past and accurate the present", which was of course caused by the eccentricity of feudal literati. However, some people think that "elegant and quiet, not better than Yu Cheng's Accumulated Rain". Appreciating the profound artistic conception and superb style of this poem, the artistic opinions are still good. (See Zhao Diancheng's Notes on Wang Youcheng's Collection, Volume 10)
(Zhao Qingpei)
Appreciation of Wang Wei's Hunting Watching
go hunting
Wang Wei
In the wind, the horn sounded and the general was hunting outside the borehole.
The grass is yellow in autumn, and the eagle eye is sharper; When the ice and snow melt, the horseshoe is extraordinarily brisk.
It has passed Xinfeng City in a blink of an eye and soon returned to sunny Liu Ying.
Looking back at the eagle wilderness, thousands of twilight clouds spread to the horizon.
The title of this poem is hunting and riding. Judging from the bold style of this poem, it is Wang Wei's early works. The content of the poem is just an ordinary hunting activity, but it is written with passion. As for its artistic skills, Shen Deqian of A Qing Dynasty marveled at it: "Its composition, syntax and typesetting are excellent. This is also rare in Tang poetry. " (Tang Poetry)
The poem begins with "Bowing at the Horn of the Wind". Before writing about people, we should try our best to write about its influence: the wind whistling and the strings singing. The sound of wind and horn bow (a hard bow decorated with horns) corresponds to each other: the strength of wind is heard through the vibration of strings; The wind blows the strings. The word "Gong Gong" brings out the meaning of "hunting", which can remind people of the shooting scene of "a horse flying like a bolt from the blue". What a good hand-eye you should have to shoot in the strong wind! This aroused the reader's suspense about the hunter. Full of momentum, the protagonist launched: "General Hunting Weicheng". The appearance of the general is exactly what readers expect. This initial stroke that wins everyone's attention can take the lead. "It is amazing to fall from a mountain without knowing where it came from" (Fang Shudong). Two sentences "If it is reversed, it is a pen" (Shen Deqian).
Weicheng is the old city of Xianyang in Qin Dynasty, in the northwest of Chang 'an, on the north bank of Wei River. At that time, the grass on the plain had withered, the snow had disappeared, and there was a breath of spring in the depression at the end of winter. The words "the grass is dead" and "the snow is gone" are as simple and vivid as sketches and quite picturesque. The eagle eye is particularly sharp because of the withered grass, the horseshoe is unobstructed because of the exhausted snow, and the couplet is extremely fine. The words "sharp eagle eye" and "disease" mean that prey will be found soon, followed by the words "light horseshoe", which means that hunting horses will catch up quickly. The words "disease" and "light" are both wonderful. The two sentences are reminiscent of Bao Zhao's famous sentence "The beast is fat and the spring grass is short, the flying grass is flat, and the ground is flat", but the meaning of finding the prey and then pursuing it is clearly written on paper, while Wang Wei puts the same meaning in obscure sentences, which makes people think deeply and feel meaningful. At first glance, three or four sentences seem to have the same meaning and are called each other; It is a "flowing couple" who understand the meaning of the party. Such subtle opposition is rare.
The above description of hunting only touches on three details, namely "Horn Bow", "Hawkeye Disease" and "Light Horseshoe", but does not describe the hunting scene. First, because of hunting opinions; Second, the fun of hunting is far from practical, only good for hunting and riding and its influence.
Behind the necklace is "light horseshoe", but it means to go hunting and come back. Although the turning point is continuous with the meaning of the above words, it naturally flows away. "Xinfeng City" is in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, and "Xiliuying" is in Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province, with a distance of more than 70 miles. These two place names can be found in Hanshu. Poets come to the meeting at will and get together for a while, which is elegant and tasteful, so it is unnecessary to refer to reality. When you say "suddenly pass" and "go home", you will see the speed of returning to camp, and it really feels like a thousand miles a day. "Xiliuying" was originally the place where Zhou Yafu stationed troops in the Han Dynasty. It is used to add another meaning, which seems to mean that the hunting hero in the poem was also named as a general, which is in line with his image of high spirit and dashing and heroic when shooting in front of him. These two sentences, together, not only vividly describe the hunting and riding scenes, but also truly show the hero's airy feeling and joy.
Speaking of hunting, it's very poetic. However, the tail couplet ends with scenery, but it is not the scenery of the camp, but the prospect of the hunting ground, which is already "thousands of miles away". This scene is far from the beginning of the article. The beginning and the end not only echo each other, but also contrast: the beginning is a storm, which corresponds to the tension of hunting; At this time, the wind will calm down, which is commensurate with the indecision after hunting. Writing about landscapes is all expressions, and seeing the ups and downs of feelings in the changes of landscapes is a wonderful stroke. Seven sentences have been published. The History of Northern Hubei records that when Hu was hunting in Northern Qi Dynasty, Yu saw a big bird, which hit his neck like a wheel and spun down. This is a sculpture, so it is called "archer". The phrase "shooting an eagle" implies that the general is muscular and superb in archery. This ending of the poem is meaningful and memorable.
Looking at the whole poem, half of it is about hunting, half of it is about hunting returning, and it rises and falls suddenly, making a proud knot, lingering for two times at a time, bearing one turn at a time, and having an irresistible momentum of rhythm, which can reflect the five laws of combination from beginning to end. This is the beauty of composition. There are three place names hidden in the poem, which makes people feel unconscious, the allusions are empty and the scenery is expressive, so that three or four sentences are both very physical and beyond words, which is the beauty of syntax. Dry, tired, sick, light, sudden death and return, the choice of words and words is precisely tempered, and both salty and salty can be taken into account. This is the beauty of calligraphy. All these techniques well express the emotions and lofty sentiments of the angry people in the poem. Therefore, this poem fully deserves the reputation of a masterpiece in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. (This article has been accessed 290 times)