Yuanri (1)
original text
In firecrackers, one year old is divided by two,
The spring breeze warms Tu Su.
Thousands of families spend every day (4),
Always trade new peaches for old ones.
To annotate ...
January 1: refers to the first day of the first lunar month, that is, the Spring Festival.
(2) Firecrackers: refers to the sound made by the ancients when they burned bamboo. It was used to ward off evil spirits and later evolved into setting off firecrackers. One year old except: one year has passed. Except, passed away.
(3) Tu Su: It means "Tu Su wine". Drinking Tu Su wine is also a custom of ancient New Year in China. On New Year's Day, the whole family drinks this wine soaked in Tu Su grass to ward off evil spirits, avoid plague and prolong life.
(4) Thousands of households: refers to numerous portals and dense population. Bend: the bright and warm appearance at sunrise.
5. Peach: refers to the symbol of peach, an ancient custom. On the first day of the first lunar month, people write the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on a mahogany board and hang them by the door to ward off evil spirits. Also called Spring Festival couplets.
translate
In the sound of firecrackers, the old year passed; The warm spring breeze ushered in the New Year, and people happily drank the newly brewed Tu Su wine. The rising sun shines on thousands of families, who are busy taking off the old peach charms and replacing them with new ones.
Creation background
This poem was written when the author first worshipped the Prime Minister and started his New Deal. 1067, Song Shenzong succeeded to the throne, and Wang Anshi was appointed as the magistrate of Jiangning, and then he was appointed as a bachelor and lecturer of Hanlin. In order to get rid of the political and economic crisis faced by the Song Dynasty and the constant intrusion of Liao and Xixia, in A.D. 1068, the gods called Wang Anshi to "enter the DPRK again and again", and Wang Anshi immediately wrote a letter advocating political reform. The following year, he devoted himself to politics and presided over the political reform. During the Spring Festival in the same year, Wang Anshi saw that every household was busy preparing for the Spring Festival, and he wrote this poem with emotion when he thought of the new atmosphere at the beginning of the political reform.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem describes the scene of bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new in the Spring Festival. A piece of firecrackers sent away the old year, drinking mellow Tu Su wine and feeling the breath of spring. The rising sun shines on thousands of families, and every family's peaches are replaced with new ones.
This is an impromptu work about welcoming the New Year in ancient times. Based on folk customs, it sensitively absorbs the typical materials of ordinary people during the Spring Festival and captures the representative details of life: setting off firecrackers, drinking Tu Su wine and changing peach symbols, which fully shows the joyful atmosphere of the New Year Festival and is full of rich life breath.
"Firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze warms Tu Su." Setting off fireworks on New Year's Day is an ancient custom that has continued to this day. In ancient customs, every year on the first day of the first month, the whole family drank Tu Su wine, and then wrapped the dregs in red cloth and hung them on the doorframe to "exorcise evil spirits" and avoid the plague.
The third sentence, "Every family lives", inherits the previous poems, which means that every family is bathed in the light of the early spring sunrise. The last sentence describes the forwarding discussion. Hanging peach symbols is also the custom of the ancients. "Always replace new peaches with old symbols" is a sentence pattern of compression and ellipsis. The new peach omits the word "character" and the old character omits the word "peach", which are used alternately because of the limitation of the number of words in seven sentences.
Poetry is a human voice. Many critics have noticed that the artistic conception and reality expressed in this poem also have their own metaphor and symbolic significance. Wang Anshi's poems are full of cheerful and positive fighting spirit, because he was the prime minister at that time and promoted the new law. Wang Anshi was a famous reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. During his tenure, just as people replaced the old with the new, he abolished the old politics and implemented the New Deal. Wang Anshi is full of confidence in the New Deal, so it is particularly cheerful in his poems. This poem praises the birth of new things, which is as full of vitality as "the spring breeze picks up"; "Tomorrow" shines on "thousands of families". This is not an ordinary sun, but the beginning of a new life. Political reform has brought a bright future to the people. At the end of the sentence, "new peaches are often exchanged for old peaches" shows the poet's satisfaction and joy at the victory of political reform and the improvement of people's lives. It contains profound philosophy, pointing out that new things always replace declining things.
Although this poem uses line drawing technique, it tries its best to render the festive atmosphere, and at the same time, it expresses its own thoughts through the custom of 1 month 1 day, showing its connotation without revealing it.
Evaluation by famous experts
Wang Xiang's "Thousands of Poems Make Up the School": "This poem is self-evident. When it first worships the item, it is old and new, and it follows its politics. "
Xiong Baiqi's Selected Poems of Eight Great Masters in Song Dynasty: "This poem is not only a new way to write New Year's sentences, but also a new way to write them. The combination of the two is close and seamless, and the warm and bright scene of Yuanri is vividly written, praising and affirming the victory and bright future of implementing the new law. "
Yao Dianzhong's Notes on Selected Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties: "Using the word' change' means writing the customs and habits at that time and opening up new poems for readers. Reveal the irresistible law that the new replaces the old, the progressive replaces the backward and historical development. "