"Mawei Slope"
Author: Zheng Wei
When Xuanzong returned to Ma Wei, Concubine Yang died, and the clouds and rain are unforgettable.
After all, it is the business of the Holy Emperor, who is Jingyang Palace Well?
Notes:
1. Hui Ma: Refers to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty returning from Shu to Chang'an.
2. Yunyu: It means that although the love between Xuanzong and the imperial concubine cannot be forgotten, the country has been renewed.
3. Jingyang Sentence: When Empress Chen heard about the arrival of the Sui soldiers, Uncle Bao, his beloved concubine Zhang Lihua and his beloved concubine Zhang Lihua, came out of the Jingyang Palace and threw themselves into the well. They were still captured by the Sui soldiers at night. captured.
Translation:
After the death of Concubine Yang, Xuanzong Luanjia returned to the imperial capital.
The couple’s unforgettable longing for her grew day by day.
Although Ma Wei was reluctant to die, he was still a saint.
Who is empress Chen of Jingyang Palace?
Appreciation:
This is an epic poem. In June of the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), Anshi rebels captured Tongguan and Chang'an was in danger. Xuanzong fled to Shu in a hurry. The road passed through Maweipo, and the six armies stationed in Mawei mutinied. He killed and raped Prime Minister Yang Guozhong and forced Xuanzong to grant the death of his imperial concubine. That is the Mawei Incident. The first two lines of the poem state that when Xuanzong returned to Chang'an, Concubine Yang had been dead for a long time, which means that his return to Chang'an was achieved in exchange for Concubine Yang's death. Although the mountains and rivers remain the same, the feeling of clouds and rain cannot be forgotten. The unforgettable contrast between clouds and rain and the new sun and moon express Xuanzong's complex psychology of both joy and eternal regret. The last two sentences are about Empress Chen of the Southern Dynasty hiding in the well of Jingyang Palace with her beloved concubine Zhang Lihua and Kong Guifei, and were eventually captured by Sui soldiers. Compared with the behavior of Tang Xuanzong Ma Weipo giving Yang Guifei to hang herself, there is a clear upheaval. The poem is considerate of Xuanzong and also satirical. Although Xuanzong's actions were better than those of Empress Chen, the victory was really small. Nostalgic quatrains·Mawei nostalgic
Loneliness is stained by fat stains and sweat, tenderness is once transferred to the East.
Only because of the traces of wind and water, the quilt is still fragrant today.
Notes
(1) Mawei: Mawei Station, also called Mawei Slope, is more than a hundred miles west of Chang'an, west of today's Xingping County, Shaanxi Province, where Concubine Yang Guifei died. this. Yang Guifei, nicknamed Yuhuan, was raised in her uncle's house when she was young. In 735 (the 23rd year of Kaiyuan), she was canonized as the concubine of King Shou (Li Mao, son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty). Later, she was consecrated as a female Taoist priest by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. She lived in Taizhen Palace with the Taoist name Taizhen. In 745 (the fourth year of Tianbao), she was canonized as a noble concubine of Xuanzong, and she was extremely favored. As a result, the Yang family became prominent. His elder brother Yang Guozhong was the prime minister on the right, and his three sisters were granted the title of wives of Han, Guo and Qin. They were extremely powerful. In 756 (the fifteenth year of Tianbao), Anlushan rebels broke through Tongguan, and Xuanzong fled to Sichuan in a panic. When he arrived at Maweiyi, the Sixth Army was unable to advance, so Yang Guifei was forced to hang herself. She died at the age of thirty-eight.
(2) "Lonely" sentence: The face is lifeless, and the makeup is stained by shiny sweat. Describe Yang Guifei's face when she hanged herself to death. Stains, liquid sticking to things. "Dream of Red Mansions" Cheng Gao originally wrote "accumulation", which is wrong. The Gengchen version shall prevail.
(3) Fu Dongyang: go to waste and become empty.
(4) Two sentences of "just because": According to legend, Concubine Yang had many "romantic" affairs, which is a general statement. Those who record the incident of leaving incense at her relics, such as "New Book of Tang: Biography of the Concubines", say that when Xuanzong returned from Sichuan, he passed Mawei, sent people to prepare a coffin for burial, dug up the earth, and obtained the incense pouch of Concubine Yang. Liu Yuxi's "Mawei Xing" said: "There are no people by the rock, only Lingbo socks. ... It is said that after seeing thousands of eyes, the fragrance will not stop." In addition, in "The Biography of Yang Taizhen", there is also a story about Concubine Yang's scarf blowing in the wind. The thing about He Huaizhi's headband and the aroma of auspicious borneol all over his body. "Yi Shang", "Yi Shang" in Qi Xu version and Cheng Gao's original version of "Dream of Red Mansions", whichever is the Gengchen version.
Appreciation
"Nostalgic Quatrains" was written by Xue Baoqin in "A Dream of Red Mansions". There are only ten of them, and "Nostalgic Quatrains - Mawei Nostalgia" is one of them. Xue Baoqin often boasts that she has been doing business with her father since she was a child, and has traveled extensively and has seen a lot. This is credible, but not all the places written in the ten poems have been experiences she has personally experienced. Xue Baoqin's boasting about her childhood experiences is consistent with the general mood of these nostalgic poems, which tortuously reflect that her original family has gone from bad to worse, otherwise she would not have come to join Jia's family. However, when she wrote poems, she always lived the luxurious life of an aristocratic lady. Her truly sad days will come with the decline of the four major families. At that time, she will go far again, and she will be very sad. I recall the life in Grand View Garden with a sentimental mood.
The moral of this poem "Nostalgic Quatrains - Mawei Nostalgic" in the novel is actually about Qin Keqing. The first two lines of the poem describe her "mourning in Tianxiang Tower" and hanging herself from a beam. The words "stained with sweat" describe her remains when she hanged herself, which is vividly imagined. The book once said that she was "slender and delicate, and behaved gently and peacefully", so the word "gentle" was used. The last two sentences are about Jia Baoyu's "Wandering in the Taixu Realm" in her room. Therefore, the word "quilt" in the Gengchen version of "Dream of Red Mansions" is correct and should not be changed to "clothes".
"Nostalgic Quatrains" is not a true epic poem, nor is it a spring lantern riddle made purely to evoke the nostalgia for the past. Its certain appreciation of historical figures and events does not necessarily represent the historical views of the author or the characters in the novel.
Li Shangyin Mawei · Overseas Apprentices Wen Gengjiuzhou
"Mawei Overseas Apprentices Wen Gengjiuzhou"
Author: Li Shangyin
Original text:
Overseas disciples heard about Jiuzhou, and it was uncertain whether he would live in this life or not.
In the sky, I heard that the tiger travels to announce the night watchman, but there is no more chicken man to announce the dawn.
On this day, the six armies were stationed together, and the Chinese Valentine's Day laughed and morning glory.
How can the Four Ji be the emperor, not as good as the Lu family?
Notes:
1. Ma Wei: There are two original poems, both of which satirize Tang Xuanzong, and this is the second one. Mawei (wi), place name, the place where Concubine Yang Guifei hanged herself. "Tongzhi": Maweipo is located 25 miles away from Xingping County, Xi'an Prefecture. "The Biography of Concubine Yang Guifei in the Old Book of Tang Dynasty": Anlu Mountain rebelled, Tongguan fell, and Cong Xing arrived at Mawei. Chen Xuanli, the general of the Forbidden Army, secretly ordered the prince to kill Guozhong and his son. Since the four armies did not disperse, it was said that the thieves were still there. Refers to the imperial concubine. Unexpectedly, the emperor bid farewell to his concubine and hanged himself in a Buddhist chamber at the age of thirty-eight.
2. Overseas disciples heard about Jiuzhou: This is used in Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" to suddenly hear that there are fairy mountains overseas, referring to the fact that Yang Guifei lived in fairy mountains overseas after her death. Although she heard the news that the Tang Dynasty restored Jiuzhou, Humans and gods are separated, and they can no longer reunite with Xuanzong. Merely heard, empty heard, unfounded hearsay. More, more, more. Jiuzhou, the original note of this poem: Zou Yanyun: Beyond Jiuzhou, there are Jiuzhou. During the Warring States Period, Zou Yan, a native of Qi, created the theory of nine major states. He said that China was named Chixian Shenzhou, and there were nine other places as big as Chixian Shenzhou outside China. This poem uses overseas Kyushu to refer to the imaginary wonderland. After Yang Guifei died, some alchemists said that she could be found in the fairy mountains overseas. See Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" and Chen Hong's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow". But after all, the legend of immortals was vague and could not bring any comfort to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, so he only heard about it.
3. His fate is uncertain: Chen Hong's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow": Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Concubine Yang once made a secret vow to each other at midnight on Chinese Valentine's Day, wishing to be husband and wife for the rest of their lives, each holding hands and sobbing. But what will happen in the next life is still unknown, and the couple in this life is already finished.
4. The tiger traveling in the sky heard the news of the night watchman, but the chicken man announced the dawn: recalling the scene when Xuanzong fled from Shu. The Tiger Brigade refers to the imperial army that followed Xuanzong into Shu. Watchman Xiao, also known as Watchman Jin, is Diao Dou who reports the watch at night. Chicken man, the guard who tells the time in the palace. According to the system of the Han Dynasty, chickens were not allowed in the palace. Guards waited outside the Suzaku Gate and sang chickens. A tool for timing.
5. On this day, the six armies were stationed in Maweipo: This is a description of the Maweipo Incident. Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow": The six armies have nothing to do but die in front of the horse. At that time, the Chinese Valentine's Day laughed at the morning glory: it means that when Li and Yang were whispering in the Hall of Eternal Life in the middle of the night on July 7, they thought that the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the sky could only meet once a year, not as much as they could be together every day.
6. Why was the Emperor of the Four Dynasties not as good as the Lu family? These two sentences mocked Tang Xuanzong, although he had been emperor for many years, he could not keep his concubines forever, and he was not as good as ordinary people who could always stay together. How and why. The fourth century, forty-eight years. The ancients used twelve years as a period, which refers to the forty-five years of Xuanzong's reign, which is nearly the fourth century. Mochou of the Lu family, Xiao Yan's "Song of Water in the River": The water in the river flows eastward. The daughter of Luoyang was named Mochou. She married into the Lu family at the age of fifteen, and her son at the age of sixteen was named Ahou. The osmanthus in the Lu family orchid room is the beam, and there are tulips and storax in the middle. Here, the happiness of the married life of a common woman, Mochou, is contrasted with the love tragedy of Concubine Yang.
Translation:
Under the empty Mawei slope, I can only see the place where Yuyan Kong died. The deep love that went up to the blue sky and fell into the underworld has become an empty legend. In addition to the nine states in the world, there is also the great nine states. The instructor must have been here when he was looking for traces of Concubine Yang. When Emperor Tang Ming and Yang Yuhuan were in the Palace of Eternal Life, they swore that they would be in love with each other in heaven and be married on earth. I'm afraid that their destiny in this life has been exhausted, and their future life is still unknown. Staying together or separated, who knows. I recall that during the Ming Dynasty, when Emperor Ming was temporarily stationed in Mawei, he could hear the sound of golden towers but could not see the prosperity of the palace. In just a few short nights, things have changed, people have changed, and the stars have changed. Unexpectedly, the jade beauty has become empty. The younger brother was dishonest, and the three armies killed his older sister in anger. The sky that night was just like the sky that laughed at the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the Palace of Eternal Life that night. Unexpectedly, she was even worse than the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. Come to think of it, the emperor is nothing more than this. He can't even protect his beloved. If I had known this, I would not be as good as Mochou Nu from the Xiao family.
Appreciation:
This is a political satire poem, directed at Tang Xuanzong, the former emperor of Li Tang Dynasty.
At the beginning, it is a combination of narrative and discussion. It first uses the story of overseas Gengjiuzhou to summarize the legend that the alchemist found Yang Concubine overseas, and then denies it with mere hearing. He who only hears it hears it in vain. It means: Xuanzong heard from the alchemist that Concubine Yang still remembered her vow to be husband and wife in the fairy mountain, and was very sad, but what's the use of it? It is unclear whether he will be born as a couple; but the relationship between husband and wife in this life is clearly over. How it ended will naturally lead to the following.
The second couplet uses the rooster in the palace to announce the dawn, which contrasts with the tiger brigades in Mawei Station that sing night watchmen, and the different situations and moods of past happiness and present suffering, past safety and present danger are vividly displayed on the page. The life of the tiger traveler Ming Xiaojuan on the run was very uncomfortable, which is a meaning. In contrast to the rooster announcing the dawn, it implies that the protagonist is eager to re-enjoy the peace and happiness of the past, which is another layer of meaning. Then use Kongwen and Wufu to echo each other to show that hope has been disillusioned and to build momentum for the tail couplet. This is the third level of meaning. The purpose of the tiger brigade's chanting night watchman was originally for patrolling and guarding, but if it is just a rumor, it has the opposite meaning. Judging from the rules and regulations, Kong Wen said that he would rest for the rest of his life and that the six armies would be stationed together.
The meaning is: Although the Tiger Brigade is chanting the watch, it is not to protect the safety of the emperor and the noble concubine, but to launch a mutiny. Because of this, there was no one to report the news, and it was no longer possible for Li and Yang to enjoy a comfortable palace life.
In the third couplet: This day refers to the death day of Concubine Yang. The Sixth Army and Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" were not published. The Sixth Army had no choice but to agree, but "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" was followed by the story of the horse's death in front of the horse, and today the writing is reversed to recall the time. Comparing and supplementing it at that time with today's, not only the meaning is self-evident, but also the writing style is jumping off and rich in content. This is called the reverse elegance method. At that time, Xuanzong made a secret vow with Concubine Yang on the Chinese Valentine's Day. He laughed at the Morning Glory and the Weaver Girl who could only meet once a year, but they wanted to be husband and wife for the rest of their lives and never be separated. So what? With the two contrasting against each other, it is not difficult to understand the ending of Concubine Yang's death, and Xuanzong's hypocritical and selfish mental outlook is also fully exposed. At the same time, "Laughing Morning Bulls on the Chinese Valentine's Day" is a typical summary of Xuanzong's obsession with women and neglect of political affairs. When used to compare the six armies with the same garrison of horses, it shows the causal relationship between the two. Without the debauchery at that time, how could there be separation today? And when Xuanzong was indulging in sensuality, he never considered the day when his beloved concubine would die! At this point in the writing, the last line of the couplet is already on the string.
The last couplet also contains strong contrast. On the one hand, Tang Xuanzong, who had been emperor for more than 40 years, could not keep his beloved concubine; on the other hand, as ordinary people, the Lu family could keep his wife Mochou, who could both weave silk and pick mulberry. The poet thus issued a stern question: Why is it that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who has been emperor for more than 40 years, is not as good as ordinary people who can keep their wives? The first six lines of the poem are all critical of Tang Xuanzong. It ends with a question that requires a lot of exploration to give a comprehensive answer, which enriches the content of the criticism. Zheng Sixiao Painting Chrysanthemums
"Painting Chrysanthemums"
Author: Zheng Sixiao
The flowers are not in full bloom, but the fun of being independent and sparse is not endless.
I would rather die with the fragrance on the branches than blow it down in the north wind.
Translation:
When the chrysanthemums bloom, the flowers have withered.
She is alone beside the sparse fence,
It makes people feel happy and special.
What’s even more different is that chrysanthemums would rather keep their fragrance on dead branches,
than be blown down by the north wind.
Appreciation:
Zheng Sixiao’s poem about chrysanthemums is different from other poems praising chrysanthemums as good, beautiful, charming and unyielding. It is a chrysanthemum poem with specific life connotations.
Zheng Sixiao, who was a scholar at Imperial College in the late Southern Song Dynasty, took the examination of Erxue Hongci. When the Yuan soldiers went south, Zheng Sixiao was worried about the country and the people. He went to the imperial court to give direct advice and stated his strategies for resisting the enemy, but he was rejected. Zheng Sixiao was heartbroken and lived in seclusion in Suzhou alone, never marrying. After the fall of the Song Dynasty, he changed his name to Yiweng and his name to Suonan to show that he never forgot his homeland. He also titled his living room "Ben Acupoint World", split the characters into combinations, and placed the ten of the character "Ben" in the acupoint, implying the two characters "Song Dynasty". He was good at painting ink orchids. After the death of the Song Dynasty, he did not paint orchids with soil. When people asked him why, he replied: "The land was taken away by others, and you still don't know?" Zheng Sixiao's self-motivated moral integrity, sorrow, anger and perseverance make people cry! He praised chrysanthemums to describe himself. This song "Painting Chrysanthemums" poured his blood, tears and life into it!
These two lines of chrysanthemum poems are people’s first understanding of chrysanthemums. The chrysanthemum does not bloom at the same time as other flowers. It is a noble person who does not conform to the vulgarity and is not flattering.
The arrogant chrysanthemum represents his determination to stick to his noble moral integrity and would rather die than surrender to the Yuan Dynasty. This is Zheng Sixiao's unique sentiment and his vow to be unyielding and loyal to his motherland.
Song Dynasty poets' chanting about the dead branches of chrysanthemums has become an incomprehensible complex. This is of course related to the secret pain of the Southern Song Dynasty. In "Withered Chrysanthemum", Lu You has a poem about the remaining stamens hugging the branches, and in "Yellow Flower", Zhu Shuzhen has a poem in which she would rather hold the fragrant branches and grow old than dance with the yellow leaves in the autumn wind. Judging from the completeness of the image aesthetics and the clear political direction, they are slightly inferior to these two poems by Zheng Sixiao.
It is more tragic and poignant to die hugging a fragrant branch than to grow old on a fragrant branch, and the tone is majestic and vows not to look back. Comparing "Have the North Wind Fallen" and "Don't Dance with the Yellow Leaves Dancing in the Autumn Wind", the former asks questions with a firm tone; the latter states that the word "dancing" brings a slightly unrefined mood and is slightly disconnected from the theme. More importantly, the former points out the north wind, which clearly points to the Mongol Khanate originating from the north. The feeling of resistance is clearly visible on the page.
Of course, the poems written by Lu You and Zhu Shuzhen are both good poems, but the three poems stand side by side, and the worry and anger in these two poems by Zheng Sixiao are even deeper and broader.
This poem is particularly appropriate when used to express national integrity, loyalty and patriotism.