1, fallen flower
Nature is the eternal cognitive object and aesthetic object of human beings. The forms of nature are rich and colorful, and human beings' acquisition of beauty is endless. Mountain plants are "temperamental". Emotion meets these forms, so there is an image. There are countless excellent poems in Chinese history. This paper just wants to talk about one of them-a poem with the image of "falling flowers".
Falling flowers is a natural phenomenon and law, but it is endowed with emotion and life in China's ancient poems. To sum up, the image of "falling flowers" has several meanings.
A. First, the fallen flowers are described as natural scenery, which constitutes a beautiful artistic conception.
Flowers are flying all over the sky in Spring City (Han Yi's Cold Food) gives people the feeling that the spring breeze is warm and sunny, and all kinds of flowers are dancing in the wind, which is wonderful.
"But now I remember that night, that storm, and I wonder how many flowers were broken." (Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn"), with the sound of wind and rain and falling flowers everywhere, you can imagine the beauty of spring and the childlike interest of children.
B. first, in the face of falling flowers, sigh: sigh that time flies and the beautiful scenery is no longer there.
"Running water in spring is heaven and earth." (Li Yu's "Langtaosha") This shows the hatred and helplessness of the country's destruction.
"Flowers from Shui Piao to water, one kind of acacia, two places of leisure." (Li Qingzhao's "Pruning Plums") expresses a deep melancholy and a touch of lovesickness.
"People who bury flowers today are stupid. Who did he know when he was buried? " This is Lin Daiyu's funeral speech in A Dream of Red Mansions. Flowers have been buried, who will bury them, suggesting that their fate is not as good as falling flowers, exhausting the persistent sadness in their hearts.
C, there is also the spirit of falling flowers that symbolizes high spirits.
Yu Yue, the examinee of "Flowers Fall in Spring", had a second interview in the Ritual Department during the light years of Qing Dynasty. This sentence begins with a poem, which means that hope lies on earth.
"A pool of spring water surrounds the flower body, and the flower shadow is enchanting and occupies the spring. It is better to be blown into snow by the east wind than to be ground into dust by Nanmo." (Wang Anshi's "Apricot Flowers in the North") The hidden poet would rather die in the struggle with the die-hards than compromise and go with the flow.
Step 2 live water
A, because water is soft and cold, it is often compared to moonlight, which is tangible but difficult to grasp.
Things.
"The day makes the night cool like water, sitting and watching the morning glory and weaving stars" (Autumn Night by Du Mu), the poet's indifference in borrowing water reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times from the side.
B, because the constant cutting of water, endless water, coincides with endless sadness, so poets often use water as a metaphor for sadness.
"Although the water is still flowing, the knife is chopped, and the wine is drowned, the sorrow is still there" (Li Bai's "Secretary of Xie Tiao Villa in Xuanzhou"), which expresses the poet's strong feeling of the irreconcilable contradiction between reality and ideal.
"How much sadness can you have? Just like a river flowing eastward. " (Ten Countries in Southern Tang Dynasty? Li Yu's "Yu Meiren"), the poet experienced the pain of national subjugation and tasted the pain of life. He used "a river of spring water" to express his grief and hatred, so that readers can see that grief is like a spring, and Wang Yang is wanton and full of resentment, and the feelings of grief and indignation are beyond words.
3. "Pound clothes" and "anvil sound"
A, caring about the family's warmth and coldness, sewing clothes for the whole family is one of the main responsibilities of ancient women. They have enough time to miss their relatives far away when they are doing the repetitive work of smashing clothes. The monotonous and long anvil sound helps to get rid of the troubles of the outside world, and the mind is single-minded, which plays a role in condensing and strengthening the feelings of missing. For these reasons, the action of smashing clothes and the sound of cleaning anvil related to it have become one of the most common images under the theme of "thinking about women" in classical poetry:
"Xiao Chuixiao's pipe is falling, and his skirt is broken to the moon at night." (Li Bai's Yi Dao)
"I'm tired of smashing clothes. I'm deeply blocked." (Du Fu's "Yi Dao")
"On the fly, beyond the anvil, we will go to Yutong forever." (Song? Yan "Youth Journey")
B, the state of dressing under the moon, the sound of the wind sending the anvil, not only misses the injury of women, but also easily touches the feelings of wanderers, so the image of dressing is also one of the traditional homesickness images.
Du Fu's Autumn Flourishing expresses his yearning for his hometown in exile with the anvil sound of Baidicheng.
Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia bleak.
Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears the other day. She was alone in the boat.
Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
C, classical poetry shows the image of anvil beating, and also shapes this image. It not only infects and touches the thinking women and vagrants in the situation, but even ordinary poets often like to use this sound as the background music of their own poems to express various complex emotions:
"The deep courtyard is quiet, the small courtyard is empty, the cold anvil is intermittent, and the wind bursts. But the night is long and sleepless, and the sound of the moon comes to the curtain. " (ten countries south Tang? Li Yu's "trick")
"Anvil clear autumn lane, light white night hall cool. This means that no one will, and the city will be drunk. " (Lin Jingxi, "Night Meaning")
4.goose
According to legend, Hongyan can pass books. Li Yu said in Qingpingle: "There is no evidence for the news of the goose coming." In spring, geese fly from the south to the north. When the hero saw the geese flying from the south, he suddenly gave birth to a glimmer of hope. Maybe the geese will bring news of the old country Jiangnan. But after waiting for a long time, the geese flew by, and there was no news, leaving only deeper disappointment.
In the ancient culture of China, the image of wild geese was often extended to the corresponding images of "array", "sequence of geese" and "flying geese". Emphasize the significance of flying together as a group.
"Flying in a wild goose": refers to traveling in stages, such as the flight sequence of geese. The Book of Songs? Zheng Feng? There is a poem in Uncle Tian Yu, "Two clothes on board, two geese flying".
Preface to the Wild Goose: The order of flying geese. Du Fu's poem "Tianchi" says: "September autumn scares the goose, and Wan Li drowns the fish." It is more useful to describe brothers with "Yan Lie".
There is also "strict formation": the formation of geese flying. Lin Yi of Jiao Yanshou in Han Dynasty? "Fu Er Feng": "Nine geese array, the female is not alone." These poems all emphasize the relationship between geese and geese. The so-called "Duan Hong" is a lonely goose that has lost its flock. Liu Yong's action collection? Midnight music lyrics have such words: "Wandering in tears, Changhong is broken." Zhang Jiuling says, "A lonely swan flies from the sea."
5.azaleas
Also known as Du Yu, Zigui and Shu Bird. According to legend, Du Yu (Wang Di), the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo.
A, because its voice is imitated by ordinary people as "it is better to go home" and its voice is miserable, the cuckoo in ancient poetry is often a symbol of desolation and sadness, and poets often use it to express homesickness and homesickness.
"When the flowers are gone, I heard that the dragon crossed the five streams" (Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left, and the dragon has this saying"), the poet expressed his feelings of parting in the bleak natural scenery through the scenery in front of him.
"Xiangjiang River sounds sad at dusk, and people who kill pedestrians return to the ship" ("Jianzhou defected to He Jingzhao Gong")
B, it is said that when cuckoo crows, deep red blood will flow out of its mouth, so cuckoo crows are often used to express the desolation of the environment.
"Cuckoo's blood cries, ape's sobs" (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
"Zi Gui still cries blood in the middle of the night, and he doesn't believe in the east wind, so he can't call it back" (Wang Ling's farewell to spring)
"jathyapple, there is the melancholy sound of cuckoo again, worrying about the empty mountain" (Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu")
"Wu Hua, a Shu bird, can't bear to see decadence" (Southern Song Dynasty? Wen Tianxiang's "Nian Nujiao")
C, it is also useful to compare loyalty with cuckoo weeping blood.
"From now on, I will leave Jiangnan Road and become a raven with blood" (Southern Song Dynasty? Wen Tianxiang Jinling Post)
6. partridge
A, its cry is imitated by ordinary people as "you can't be a brother", which is very easy to arouse the association of hard journey and full of parting.
"The setting sun is boundless in autumn, and the partridges are far away" (Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo Smells the Partridges")
"The river is worried about the evening, and the mountain is deeply aware of the partridge" (Xin Qiji, "Bodhisattva Man?" Book Jiangxi stoma wall ")
B, the partridge's cry can also be used to gently persuade people not to travel far to express their feelings of missing.
"There are Jiangnan guests in the banquet, so don't sing partridges to Dongfeng" (Zheng Gu's "The Song Composer at the Banquet"), which expresses the poet's homesickness caused by the so-called "Jiangnan guests".
7.swallow
A. Swallows become a symbol of love because they fly together.
"Falling Flowers Independent, Swift Qi Fei" (Song? Yan's "Fairy on the River"), the poet used the music scene of "Swallows flying together" to set off the sadness of "independence", that is, seeing swallows flying together, thinking that they are alone, the beloved person is not around, and the loneliness of missing comes to mind.
B, because swallows have the habit of clinging to their nests, they become the sustenance of classical poems to express current events and personnel metabolism.
Liu Yuxi's "Xie Wang Tang flew into the homes of ordinary people in the old days" (Wuyi Lane) not only hinted at the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past, but also revealed the poet's infinite feelings in the face of changes in the past and the present.
"I am old with reeds everywhere, and who will fly next to the old swallows" (Southern Song Dynasty? Wen Tianxiang "Jinling")
8, chilling
Lu Yun, a native of the Jin Dynasty, wrote in Ode to the Cold Cicada? In the preface, cicadas are praised for their five virtues: cockroaches on their heads are gifts; Only drink dew, lofty; It is honest not to eat whole grains; Not building a nest is frugal; It is commendable to keep the season in line with the climate.
Cicada often becomes the carrier of the poet's self-esteem, and Qiu Chan's life is at stake. After the autumn rain, the cicada gave a few intermittent groans. Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness.
"Singing in the west, thinking in the south." (Tang? Luo Yinchan), in which "West Land" means "Autumn" and "Southern Crown" means "Prison", the poet was excited by the smell of cicada, and used the metaphor of cicada to render his deep homesickness in prison.
"Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees! "(Li Shangyin's Cicada), the day is about to break, and the cicada is hoarse. But the tree on which it lives (referring to the expected person) is still green and seems completely indifferent to the cicada's cry. The poet took cicada as his own habitat, made a metaphor for others, gave it away, and was still fettered by a thin official.
"It's chilly, Changting is late, and the shower is over." (Song? Liu Yong's Yulin Order has not directly described parting, and the feeling of "sadness" is full of readers' hearts, brewing an atmosphere that can touch parting.
"The autumn wind is cool, and the chilling sound is by my side." ("Give a White Horse to Wang Biao" by Cao Zhi.
9, the moon
A, the moon in ancient poetry is often synonymous with homesickness and the carrier of acacia.
"Looking up, I found it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home." (Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking)
"He knows that the dew will frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home! . "(Du Fu's Moonlight Remembers Brothers)
"I don't know who Qiu Si will fall into tonight." (Tang? Wang Jian's "Fifteen Nights Looking at the Moon and Sending Du Langzhong")
"The moon is at sea now, and the horizon is at this time." (Tang? Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking of a Far Away"
"The spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan. When will the bright moon shine on me?" (Wang Anshi's "Dengguazhou")
"It is expected that every year will be heartbroken, moonlit and short matsuoka." (Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi")
B, the bright moon often contains the sadness of border people.
"The sand is like snow before returning to Lefeng, and the moon outside the city is like frost." (Tang? Li Yi's "On Listening to Xiao at Night on the Wall of the Country" is full of grief and indignation.
"The moon was bright in Qin, closed in Han, and the Long March did not return." (Tang? Wang Changling's Fortress is tragic.
C sometimes the bright moon also contains the eternity of time and space.
"If the ancients were running water today, they would look at the bright moon." (Li Bai's "Drink Poison to Quench Thirst") The plunder of life by time and the helplessness of life in front of time are vividly demonstrated.
D, because the moon is characterized by shining all over the world, with a circle and a gap, the full moon can mean that relatives and friends get together and everything is fine; The lack of a moon can be compared to the separation of relatives and friends, and things are not satisfactory.
"People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine." This is the truth.
"I hate you, not Jiang Louyue, east and west, north and south, north and south, only with no separation. Hate you like Jiang Yue. If it is full, it will still lose money. When will we be reunited? " (Song? Lv Benzhong's "picking mulberry seeds" refers to the personnel generated by these two characteristics of the moon.
10, ship
A. There are many images in China's classical poems to express the sense of wandering, such as duckweed, Erigeron, and lonely goose, and "boat" is one of the most common images to express this sense of wandering.
The ancients often said that "boats and cars are tired" and "land and water go hand in hand", which shows the important position of "boats" in ancient transportation. A boat with a leaf, the sky is vast, and it is getting smaller and smaller than people; People shopping in a foreign land on the road are more likely to cause infinite reverie. Poems written on ships, or poems written on ships, have become a quite spectacular tribe.
The image of "ship" in the following two poems is more integrated into the poet's sense of wandering:
Monkeys whimper on the dark mountain, and the river rushes in the dark.
The wind on both sides of the strait rustled the branches and leaves, and the moonlight reflected on the river, a boat on a river.
Jiande's scenery is good, but it's not my hometown. I still miss my old friends in Yangzhou.
Recalling those two lines of tears that I couldn't restrain, I looked at the west side of the west bank and sent sadness to Yangzhou.
-Meng Haoran's "From Tonglu to Yangzhou"
The leaves of trees have fallen, and the southeast is foggy and frosty.
Forests and mountains in the evening, the sky and the sea are blue.
The color changes for a long time, so does the autumn sound.
Lonely boat, still crossing the night alone.
-Liu E preface "The Yangtze River sends Meng Haoran in late autumn"
The theme of these two poems is very similar to that of image group: both poets are wandering in a foreign land, living in a guest boat, and the night wind blows the leaves on the shore, making a sad sound. When they were far away from home and lonely, the two poets remembered their former friends and wrote poems to express their feelings. As the central image of poetry, the former is "I sail alone across the moon" and the latter is "I sail alone in a boat", both of which emphasize the combination of "moon" and "boat". The most direct poem to express the sense of wandering by boat is probably Li Shangyin's Magnolia:
At dawn, waves invade the clouds in Dongting Lake, and every day, sails are levied to send people away.
Looking up from Mulan's boat several times, I didn't know that Yuan was a flower body.
B, corresponding to the sense of wandering, another typical connotation of the image of "ship" in China's classical poems is "freedom".
The origin of this idea can be traced back to Zhuangzi, who said, "The skilled know what they are doing, and the unskilled want nothing. Swim when you are full, don't tie the boat, swim when you are empty. " Although his thoughts are negative, it has become an attractive life ideal for China literati to "have no power to bind chickens in one boat".
The following two poems expressing free feelings with the image of "ship" have been recited:
Fishing came back, but I was too lazy to tie the rope and let the fishing boat drift in the wind; At this time, the waning moon is already in the west, but I am sleeping soundly.
Even if the wind blows at night and the boat is blown away by the wind, it just stops on the shallow shore of the reed catkin beach.
-Sikong Shu's "Jiangcun is a thing"
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees.
The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing.
-Wei in Xixi Chuzhou
Qingshan 1 1
As the ancients said, a wise man enjoys water, while a benevolent man enjoys Leshan. The tranquility and vastness of the mountains always attract China people.
A, Castle Peak image appears frequently in poetry, which is the poet's home of body and mind. As a symbol of hometown, the majestic and steady green hills make the wanderers feel very kind.
"Green hills are the same as clouds and rain, and the bright moon has been in two townships." (Wang Changling's "Send Wood to Serve the Imperial Palace")
"Pedestrians think infinitely in the autumn wind, and the green hills across the water are like their hometown." (Tang? Dai Shulun's "Governing Sichuan Landscape")
People who travel far away look at the green hills in other places and think about the scenery in their hometown. It is very comfortable for people who yearn for the distance to return to Qingshan alone and seek peace.
B, on the other hand, personnel exchange becomes metabolism, but the green hills remain unchanged and last forever. It is not only a spatial image, but also implies the time factor. It represents a kind of pressure and inspires the poet to reflect on life and history. It provides a coordinate for the poet to locate his image in history.
"Heroes go to luxury, only green mountains are like green mountains." (Xu Hun's "Jinling Nostalgia"), this sense of nothingness is repeatedly expressed in classical poetry. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with a word "Linjiang Xian", which is known as "the first tune through the ages" because it condenses this feeling. Qingshan's broad mind provides people with a place to live, which makes people nostalgic and yearning. Whether the poet finds the shortness of life in the eternity of Qingshan and fears it, or transcends it, his body and mind are eager to return to Qingshan.
Tao Yuanming, who loves autumn mountains by nature, gave up his job "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge and seeing Nanshan leisurely" ("Drinking") and completely entrusted himself to nature. Li Bai, who was ostracized by the imperial court, said, "Ask Yu if he wants to live in the blue mountain, but smile without answering his heart" (question and answer in the mountain).
Similarly, the image of "green hills" in poetry is often used to imply strong feelings.
"This is where your comrades have to leave you and turn at the foot of these purple mountains. I wonder when we will raise our cups again. Like we walked on the moon last night? . "(Du Fu's Farewell to General Yan at the Station)
"Wu, the mountain is green, and the green hills on both sides of the strait are greeted. Who knows the feeling of parting? " (Song? Sauvignon Blanc in Lin Bu)
D. The endless green hills left a deep visual impression and imagination space for readers. The poet learned a skill very early, expressing certain feelings in the first half of the poem and putting the image of "green hill" at the end.
"Facing the mist on the water, I still waved and cried. Because the birds disappeared in the space outside the desolate green hills "(Liu Changqing's" Watching Wang Nangui "), the figure of friends disappeared from tears like birds, and the green hills still stood in front of us, and the constant separation added sadness and melancholy. Qian Qi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the examination room "Try Hunan flavor, drum and harvest", which is the most successful example ending with the image of "Castle Peak". At the request of the examiner, in the first half of the poem, he described the drum and harp of the goddess Xiang Shui. The beauty of melody is rare in the world, and he ended the poem with the following four sentences: "Running water spreads a small pool, and I hate Taiwan crossing the Dongting. At the end of the song, people disappear, and there are several peaks on the river. " After the song ended, Xiangling disappeared, and Hattori painted a river and several green hills, presenting readers with an extremely clean picture with a sad soul and a pair of eyes for recourse. The open ending of "When the song ends, the river peaks green" has always been appreciated by people.
12, Mei
Throughout the ages, poems and songs about flowers are mostly about plum, with unique charm, beautiful charm, elegant style or dignified integrity. "Jingzhou Ji" contains a poem by Lu Kai, a poet from Southern Liang Dynasty: "Fold plum blossoms and send them to the dragon head. What's in Jiangnan? Talk about giving a plum. "
A, cold plum, no longer a common natural thing, has become a symbol of hometown, full of poetry and typicality. This cold plum naturally became the concentrated sustenance of my homesickness. So, Wang Wei asked alone, "Leaning against the window and opening the first cold flower tomorrow?" . Just like "I heard a broken willow in the song tonight" and "Ask where the plum blossoms fall, and the wind blows all over the mountain overnight" (Gao Shi). When listening to songs, I think of plum blossoms in my hometown, but when I think of the autumn of plum blossoms, there is a feeling of homesickness in the sentence.
B, most of Yongmei's poems in Tang Dynasty were about in my heart forever, conveying friendship and supporting life experience. After the Song Dynasty, expressing in my heart forever's meaning through Mei Chuan's friendship gradually stopped, but writing about the beauty of his image and praising his character. The former is represented by Lin Hejing's Xiao Mei in the Mountain Garden, while the latter is represented by Lu You's Bu Operator? Yongmei. Lu You loved Mei all his life, love, love as a metaphor of Mei. He praised Mei as "the highest integrity among flowers", just like Mei's bosom friend, Mei's incarnation: "How can it be transformed into hundreds of billions and a plum blossom?" (Lu You's Plum Blossom Poems) The poems after Yongmei only developed the charm of the Song people.
13, chrysanthemum
Beautiful and elegant, the fragrance attacks people and deceives frost and snow. Flowers are gorgeous after withering, so they don't compete with others. In poetry, it is often a symbol of natural and unyielding noble character.
"Drink Mulan dew early and eat autumn chrysanthemum late." (Warring States Chu? Qu Yuan's Lisao), the poet symbolizes the nobleness of his character by drinking dew and eating flowers.
"The bushes in autumn are like Taoist priests, and the edges around the fence are more and more inclined. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred in flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " (Tang? Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum expresses the poet's pursuit of loyalty and noble character.
"It is better to die with incense on the branches than to blow in the north wind" (Zheng Sixiao's Cold Chrysanthemum)
Poems such as "The lonely east hedge is wet and the sand shines before the gold" (Fan Chengda's "Two Chrysanthemums after Chongyang") all use chrysanthemums to express the poet's lofty spiritual quality, and the chrysanthemums here undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
14, Lotus
Lotus is also called lotus, hibiscus, hibiscus and lotus.
The second man said, because "lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "pity" means "love" and "son".
Respectfully speaking, "Reiko Kobayakawa" means that he loves the person in his heart, so there are many poems about lotus flowers in ancient poetry to express his love.
"Nantang autumn picking lotus, lotus over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " (Western Zhou Song by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties) Here, reality coexists with reality, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love. "The fog hides the hibiscus, but the lotus is not clear." (Thirty-five of Jin's "Forty-two Midnight Songs") The dew in the fog hides the true face of the lotus, and the lotus leaf is visible but not very clear. This is also a homophonic pun, writing about a woman who vaguely feels that the man loves her.
B, because the lotus leaves the mud but is not stained, clear but not demon, it is also regarded as a symbol of noble people who still maintain integrity in the turbid world.
Other poems about "Lotus"
"Jiangnan can pick lotus, lotus leaves" (Han? Jiangnan, an ancient Yuefu poem)
"The east wind brings misty rain, and the wheels outside the Lotus Pond faint" (Li Shangyin's Untitled Four Poems)
"The Yangtze River is green in spring, and the lotus leaves are as big as money" (Tang? Zhang Ji's "Spring Biequ")
15, bamboo
A, bamboo is modest, introverted, rooted, firm, natural and unrestrained, tall and straight, so most of the poems are symbols of "faithfulness", "elegance" and "righteousness". Poets use bamboo to express their aspirations and express their feelings, which contains profound philosophy.
"Eating without meat is better than living without bamboo, which makes people thin and vulgar" (Su Shi's Tale of Green Bamboo) shows the elegance of literati.
"Asserting that Qingshan does not relax, the roots are broken. Thousands of blows are still strong, and the wind is east, west, north and south "(Qing? Zheng Banqiao's "Bamboo Stone" highly praised the nature of bamboo that is not afraid of adversity and thriving;
"Hsinchu is taller than the old bamboo branches, supported by old poles. There will be many new students next year, and ten dragons and grandchildren will go around Fengchi "(Qing? Zheng Banqiao's Hsinchu eulogized the virtues of respecting the old and loving the young, which were passed down from generation to generation.
B, in addition, there are bamboo high winds and bright festivals.
"Naturally, Ziyou is partial to Er, and he is humble and honest in the cold and frost" (Liu Jian's Hsinchu).
C, showing tenacious vitality.
"Stay in the snow after paraquat" (Bai Juyi's title "Li Ciyun Window Bamboo").
D, show loyalty.
"Began to pity you under the window of Zhushan Mountain, and waited for me to return without changing the shade" (Qian Qi's "Returning to the Old Cottage in the Late Spring") and so on.
Song Qing 16
Pine trees are hardy and do not wither in winter. The ancients said: "When the cold comes and the summer goes, you will know that the pine and cypress are withered." (The Analects? Therefore, it is often regarded as a symbol of integrity and moral integrity.
"I hope that the seniors will be relaxed and be careful not to be full of peaches and plums." (Li Bai's Book Gift) Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person.
"Don't be cold, pine and cypress are natural." (Three Kingdoms? Serina Liu's "My Brother's Gift"), the poet encouraged my cousin to be as loyal as a pine and cypress, and to maintain noble quality under any circumstances.
17, Indus River
Indus is a symbol of desolation and sadness.
"The buttonwood leaves in Jinjing are yellow, and the bead curtain does not roll frost at night. The smoked jade pillow has no color, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time. " (Tang? Wang Changling's poem "Autumn Long Letter" is about a girl who is deprived of her youth, freedom and happiness. In a desolate and lonely palace, she was alone, lying listening to the palace leak. The first sentence of the poem is based on a yellow-leafed sycamore tree by the well, which sets off a bleak and cold atmosphere.
"A phoenix tree sounds like autumn, and a small banana sounds a bit sad, dreaming of the third night." (yuan? Xu Zaisi, "Double tone? Water sprite? Rain at night "), with buttonwood leaves falling, rain hitting plantains, write all your thoughts.
"Peach and plum blossom, the spring breeze blows down, and after the autumn rain" (Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow), the cold rain in autumn hits the plane leaves, and the bitterness can be imagined. Others such as:
"One leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps fall to the light" (Wen, "More Leakage");
"Indus raining, dripping at dusk" (Southern Song Dynasty? Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice and Whispering" and so on, in general, also express such feelings.
18, Liu
A, Liu from "I have been to, Liu Yiyi" in the Book of Songs, which is the first time that Liu confessed and borrowed Liu to hurt people. There are thousands of trees in the world. "Chang' an is devoted to infinite trees, only weeping willows stay. "People will fold willow, write willow farewell. This is because "there is another village" and "everything is affectionate". The ancients took their meaning to show their reluctance and stay with Liu. " "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, so "folding willows" stay together to express sincere farewell. Folding willows to bid farewell has been around since the Han Dynasty. In the Yuefu of the Southern Dynasties, there were some folk songs, such as "Don't push the whip when you get on the horse, turn your back on Yang Liuzhi, play the flute on the plate, and worry about killing the walker", which reflected that when you left at that time, you turned over the willows when you got off the horse. Ordinary Yang Liuyi evokes feelings and associations that people have never clearly realized. In the poem, the young woman "doesn't know what to worry about" goes upstairs to enjoy the scenery. When she touches the "willow color", she stays worried: "I suddenly see the strange willow color and regret teaching my husband to find the topic." (Tang? Wang Changling's in my heart forever)
C, willow has a graceful charm ("a small willow, an inch of tenderness"), so it is endowed with endless sadness. This feeling coincides with the sadness of parting. "Liu is reluctant to part" and "Liu is reluctant to part" is probably the reason why poets like to enter poetry with Liu.
19. In addition, the common images in classical poetry include: using "floating clouds" as a metaphor for wandering wanderers (such as "I should think of you in floating clouds, so I think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off"); The maturity of "plum" is a metaphor for a girl's desire for love (such as "looking back by the door, but smelling plum" (Li Qingzhao's "Dianjiang Lip"); Use "steed" as a metaphor for ambition (for example, "Xiao Teng is so rampant" Du Fu's poem "Cao Zai Huma"); Use "lilac" to mean sadness or complexity (for example, "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie" (Niu Qiao's Thanksgiving); "Red beans" symbolize love or acacia {such as "when those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches; May you take more as a symbol of our love. " (Tang? Wang Wei's Acacia)}; Write "Huayang" and leave love (for example, "In detail, it's not Huayang, it's a little tear" (Su Shi's Shui Long Yin); Use "grass" as a metaphor to retain hatred (for example, "retaining hatred is like spring grass, which can be born farther away" (Li Yu's Qing Ping Le); Write parting thoughts with "Rain Beats Banana" (for example, "How much leisure worries, dreams chase banana rain" (Ge Zhongsheng's "Lips drooping"); Use "crow" to express the bleak atmosphere {such as "the withered vine and the old tree are faint" (Yuan? Ma Zhiyuan's "Clear Sand? ), "Outside the setting sun, ten thousand points in west Western jackdaw, flowing water around the lonely village" (Song? Qin Guan's man Fang Ting). There are moss, Yangtze River, bluebird, red dust, Qingyun and so on.