Name: Battle of Fishing City
Venue: Fishing City, Hezhou, Sichuan
Time: 1259
Participants: Southern Song Dynasty, Mongolia
Results: The Southern Song Dynasty won.
Main commanders: Wang Jian and Meng.
catalogue
brief introduction
Brief introduction of war
War background
The war broke out in an all-round way.
The terrain is very dangerous.
Stabilized the political situation in Mongolia.
Died in Jinyun Mountain Temple.
The fierce battle of Fishing City and the heavy losses of Mongolian army.
During the period from the 6th year of Baogou in the Southern Song Dynasty to the reign of Kaiqingyuan (8-9 years of Mongolian Empire Monge Khan, 1258- 1259), in the battle of Monge attacking the Song Dynasty, General Wang Jian of the Song Dynasty and his assistant Zhang Jue defended the fishing city (now the fishing mountain about 5 kilometers east of Hechuan District in Chongqing) to defend the famous fortress against the attack of Mongolian troops. In July of the sixth year of Baoyu, Mongolian Khan led 40,000 troops, with a number of 6,543.8+10,000, and attacked Sichuan from Liupanshan (now Ningxia) in three ways. 12, captured most counties in western Sichuan and northern Sichuan, arrived at Vu Thang Mountain (near the county seat of Vu Thang now), and prepared to attack Hezhou. In Song Dynasty, Yu Jie moved Hezhou Prefecture to Fishing City. Fishing City is located at the top of Fishing Mountain, 5 kilometers east of Hechuan District, Chongqing, with a relative height of about 300 meters. At the intersection of Jialing River, Qujiang River and Fujiang River, the battle between South, North and Fishing City.
The barrier is surrounded by water on three sides in the west and hangs on the river. In the twelve miles around the city, a stone wall several feet high was built, and a wall extending to the middle of the river was built in the north and south. There are 0/3 ponds/kloc-and 92 wells in the city, which can be described as sufficient drinking water. The Navy Wharf is built by the river, with warships, which can control the Sanjiang River from the top and shield Chongqing (now Chongqing) from the bottom. It is a defensive fortress that supports the war situation in Sichuan, and the terrain is very dangerous. Meng Ge sent general Jin to the fishing city to surrender and was killed by Wang Jian. In the first month of nine years, Mongo Khan relied on his soldiers to make Mazhuang stronger, so he quickly avoided the fortified city, made a detour to build a strategy under Quidditch, and decided to capture the fishing city regardless of the unfavorable conditions of the right time and place. So he sent the late kings to attack Yili Mountain City (now northeast of Qujiang, commonly known as Sanjiaomiao Village), dragged Tu Luxiong to attack Pingliang Mountain City (now central and western Sichuan), and ordered Yang Dayuan, commander-in-chief of the Song Dynasty, to lead an army to raid the old city of Hezhou and cut off the connection between the peripheral cities and the fishing city. At the same time, Niu Lin, commander-in-chief of Sichuan, moved from Chengdu to Shilin (now west of Fuling, Sichuan) to build a pontoon bridge and cut off Songyuan. But in Tongluo Gorge, it was dangerous, which blocked the northward advance of Song Jun in Chongqing. On February 2nd, Mongolian Khan led an army to cross the Chicken Feet Beach (now Jixin Stone in the northeast of Fishing City) and went to the village in the Lion Mountain in the east of the city. On the 3rd, Mongo personally supervised the attack on Fishing City. On the 7th, the Mongols attacked the wall. On the 9th, the Mongols captured the west gate of the town. On this day, the Mongolian army stone came to Fishing City to participate in the war. In March, they attacked Dongxinmen, Qishengmen, Zhenxiximen and Bao Xiao in the east of the city, but they all failed under the tenacious resistance of the soldiers and civilians of Song Shoucheng. On April 3, it rained heavily for 20 days. On the 22nd of Chu Qing, the Mongols attacked the south to protect the country. Late the next night, Ziyicheng, from the strange gate to the Jialing River in the north of the city, was recaptured by Wang Jian's soldiers. Song Lizong heard the news and issued a letter of commendation to encourage Hezhou soldiers and civilians. The fishing city could not be captured for a long time, and Meng Ge Khan ordered the generals to "discuss the enterprising plan." The speed of operation suddenly felt unfavorable to siege. It is better to leave a small number of troops to worry about and join hands with Kublai Khan and other armies along the river to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop. Arrogant generals, on the other hand, advocate storming the city, but regard speed and speed as pedantry. Mongo Khan did not take the advice of quick action and decided to continue to attack the city. After the Mongolian army attacked Sichuan on a large scale, the Southern Song Dynasty took a large-scale rescue operation to Sichuan, but Song Jun, who reinforced the fishing city, was blocked by the Mongolian army and never reached the fishing city. Despite this, the fishing city, which has been besieged for months, is still rich in materials and the morale of the defenders is high. One day, the defenders of the Southern Song Dynasty threw two fresh fish tails weighing 15 kg and more than 100 steamed noodle cakes to the Mongols outside the city, saying that even if they kept 10 years, the Mongols would not be able to capture the fishing city. In contrast, the situation of Mongolians outside the city is very bad. The Mongolian army stayed under the fortified city for a long time, also in the hot summer season. Mongolians were originally afraid of summer heat and humidity, and their acclimatization led to the epidemic of diseases such as summer heat, malaria and cholera in the army, and the situation was quite serious.
. At the beginning of June, Sichuan made Lv Wende lead 10,000 warships up the river, broke through the blockade of Mongolian army and entered Chongqing. Later, he led more than a thousand ships north along Jialing River, rescued Hezhou, arrived in Shanxi Province of Sancao, and was stopped by Mongolian troops. Shi Ba divided into two wings and shot across the river. He led the sailors to attack vertically downstream, captured more than 100 Song warships, repelled their reinforcements and returned to Chongqing. When the weather was hot and the plague was prevalent, the combat effectiveness of the Mongolian army was greatly reduced. Wang Jian took the opportunity to attack the Mongolian military camp many times at night, scaring everyone and keeping them awake at night. On the morning of the fifth day, Mongolian striker Marshal Wang Dechen led his troops to break through the outer city Ma Zhai Jun by night, and Wang Jian led his troops to refuse to fight. At dawn, it began to rain, and the Mongolian siege ladder was broken and forced to retreat. The Mongols besieged the city for five months, but they couldn't get out of the city. So Wang Dechen rode alone to Fishing City to surrender, was hit by a flying stone on the city, and soon died in Jinyun Mountain Temple. Monge Khan was furious and ordered the army to build platforms and buildings outside Dongxin Gate to spy on the actual situation in the city in order to fight a decisive battle. On July 2 1 day, Meng came to the scene to direct, and Zhong was injured. On the 27th, he died in the army. The Mongolian army then retreated from the north and returned.
Edit this brief introduction about the war.
A famous battle in the war between Song and Mongolia. In the 4th year of Jiaxi in Song Lizong (1240), Peng Daya, the deputy envoy of Sichuan, sent Gan Run to build a village on the fishing hill east of Hezhou (now Hechuan, Sichuan) in order to fight against the Mongolian army. In the third year of Chunyou (1243), Yu Jie, the governor of Sichuan Province, ordered Ran Jin and Ran Pu to build a fishing city, and moved to the State Administration Office here to station troops to control the Jialing River. In the second year of Baoyou (1254), in the battle of Fishing City, Wang Jian was appointed as the governor of Hezhou, and a large-scale fortification was built. People from southern Shaanxi and northern Sichuan moved here one after another, and Fishing Town became a military town with a population of hundreds of thousands. In six years, Mongolian Khan led the main force into Sichuan and captured many places, but the fishing city stood tall and became a solid fortress to stop the Mongolian army. In February (1259), Meng Ge entered Lion Mountain and personally supervised the siege. From February to May, the capture of Ziyi and the gates and outer cities of Zhenxi, Dongxin, Qisheng and Guobao were all repelled. In June, it was learned that the Song and Sichuan envoys of the Chongqing government led thousands of warships to help, which was defeated by history and returned to Chongqing. Mongolian army stepped up siege, but still failed to break through, and its pioneer general Wang Dechen was wounded and died. Then, on July 2 1 day, Mongo was wounded and killed, and the Mongols were forced to evacuate. After Meng Ge's death, Mongolian aristocrats clashed on the issue of Khan's inheritance, and Kublai Khan, who was far away from the front line in Hubei, hurriedly retreated to the north to fight for Khan. Fishing City's victory over Mongolia turned the tide. Since then, Ma Qian succeeded Wang Jian as the governor of Hezhou, and Zhang Jue succeeded Ma Qian for four years (1263). Zhang Jue defended Hezhou and repeatedly defeated the Yuan Army. In the first year of Deyou (1275), Wang Li succeeded Zhang Jue as the ambassador to Hezhou. In the first month of the second year of Xiangxing (1279), Wang Li's fishing city, which had been stuck for more than 30 years, finally fell.
Edit this war background
The Battle of Fishing City is also called the Battle of Hezhou. At the end of the eighth year of Mongolian Khan (1258), the Mongolian invading army advanced on Chongqing and was blocked at the foot of Hezhou Fishing City in the north of Chongqing. Mengge sent someone to surrender, but Wang Jianyan of Song refused and killed the messenger. Dream pigeon is determined to conquer the fishing city by force. In the first month of the following year, Mongo divided his troops to attack the old city of Hezhou (now Hechuan, Chongqing), the fishing city in Qujiang River basin (now northeast of Quxian County, Sichuan Province) and Pingliang City (now Baxi, Sichuan Province), and cut off contact with the fishing city. At the same time, Mengge also sent new phosphorus to attack Zhong (now Zhongxian, Chongqing) and Fu (now Fuling, Chongqing), cutting off the reinforcements downstream and completely isolating the fishing city. In February, Mungo led an army to Shishan in the southeast corner of the city, and cleared the Song Jun ships on the river. However, the Mongols' continuous attacks on Fishing City and its surrounding camps were repelled. In April, although the Mongolian army bypassed the northwest and attacked the outer city, it was once on the city head, but it was still repelled. As a result of repeated attacks, striker coach Wang Dechen was injured and died. Coupled with the arrival of summer, the weather in Sichuan is hot and the epidemic situation is prevalent, which makes the morale of the Mongolian army low. On the other hand, under the leadership of Wang Jian, the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty in the city resisted the Mongolian attack during the day and attacked the Mongolian camp at night, and the Mongols could do nothing. In July, Mungo was injured in the battle of Du Shiwei, and later died of his injuries. Mongolian troops who were fighting against Shu were forced to retreat, and Kublai Khan who attacked Jing Ke also fought for the position of Khan in the north at the end of the year, so the Southern Song Dynasty was continued.
Edit this war
Full-blown outbreak
From 1235 to 1279, the Song and Mongolian (Yuan) Wars broke out in an all-round way, and the Song Dynasty was destroyed in the Battle of Yashan, which lasted nearly half a century. This is the longest, hardest and most intractable war that the Mongolian army has encountered since its rise. The battle of fishing city in Hezhou, Sichuan province, which took place in 1259, is one of the most influential wars. 1234 After the Song and Mongolia jointly destroyed the gold, the Southern Song Dynasty sent troops to recover the lost fishing city in Henan.
, was ambushed by Meng Jun and failed. 1235, the Mongolian army launched an attack on the Southern Song Dynasty on thousands of miles from Sichuan and Shaanxi in the west to the lower reaches of Huaihe River in the east, and the Song-Mongolian War broke out in an all-round way. By 124 1, the Mongols had ravaged a large area of land in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Sichuan was the most severely damaged area among the three battlefields (the other two were Jinghu Battlefield-now Henan, Hubei Province, and Huaibei Battlefield-now Huaihe River Basin). This year, Mongolia Wokuotai Khan passed away, and internal political struggles continued, weakening the offensive against the Southern Song Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty thus gained a good opportunity to adjust and enrich the defenses of various battlefields. 1242, in order to reverse the decline of Sichuan and consolidate the upper class, Song Lizong sent Yu Jie, who had an outstanding record in the war against Mongolia between Huai and Huai, to take charge of Sichuan. Yu Jie took a series of political, economic and military measures in Sichuan, the most important of which was to establish a mountain city defense system. In other words, along the main rivers and traffic arteries in Sichuan, steep mountain passes are chosen to build cities and villages, which are dotted with each other and support each other to form a complete strategic defense system. Fishing City is the core of this mountain city's defense system and the strongest fortress.
The terrain is very dangerous.
Fishing Town is located on the fishing hill 5 kilometers east of Hechuan County, Sichuan Province. The mountain is abrupt and the relative height is about 300 meters. Jialing River, Qujiang River and Fujiang River meet at the foot of the mountain, surrounded by water on three sides, and the terrain is very dangerous. There are mountains and rivers and convenient transportation. All parts of Sichuan can be reached by land and water. Peng Daya was appointed as the Deputy Ambassador of Sichuan (1239 Battle of Fishing City)
-1240), ordered Gan Runchu to build a fishing city. 1243, Yu Jie adopted the advice of the brothers Ran Jin and Ran Pu, the sages of Bozhou (now Zunyi), and sent the brothers Ran Pu to rebuild the fishing city and adjust the state and Xingyuan. Fishing city is divided into inner city and outer city. The outer city is built on a cliff, and the city wall is made of stone. There are vast fields and abundant water sources in the city all year round, and there are also many arable land in the surrounding foothills. All these make the fishing city have the necessary geographical conditions for a long time and the characteristics of relying on natural disasters and being easy to defend but difficult to attack. 1254, Wang Jian, commander of Hezhou, further improved the tower. People in the border areas of Sichuan have avoided the chaos of war, and the fishing city has become a solid fortress for soldiers to eat and drink. 125 1 year, Mongolia ascended the throne of Khan, which stabilized Mongolia's political situation and actively planned the war to destroy the Song Dynasty. Meng Ge, the eldest son of Tuo Lei, the youngest son of Genghis Khan, once traveled to many countries in Europe and Asia with Ba Dou and others, and was famous for his bravery. 1252, Meng Ge ordered his brother Kublai Khan to lead troops to pacify Dali, thus forming a siege and attack on the Southern Song Dynasty. 1257, Mongo Khan decided to launch a large-scale war to destroy the Song Dynasty. Meng Ge ordered Kublai Khan to lead an army to attack Ezhou (now Wuchang), while Taghachar and Li Chao attacked the Huaihe River and divided the forces of the Song Dynasty. He also ordered Uriyangqatai to send troops from Yunnan to the north via Guangxi; Mengge attacked Sichuan from the main force of Mengjun. Mengge took Sichuan as the strategic main attack direction, aiming to give full play to the characteristics of Mongolian cavalry, which is longer than land warfare and shorter than water warfare, to seize Sichuan with its main force, and then to unite with various roads east of the Yangtze River to reach Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Song Dynasty. /kloc-in the autumn of 258, Meng Ge led 40,000 troops into Shu. Together with the Mongols in Shu and the troops recruited from all over the country, the total number of Mongols greatly exceeded 40 thousand. Mongolian troops successively occupied Jianmen Kuzhuguan, Changning Mountain City, Pengzhou Yunshan City, Langzhou Dazhao City and Guang 'an Daliang City. , near Hezhou. Meng sent Song Renjin to Fishing City to surrender and was killed by Wang Jian, commander of Song Hezhou. On February 2nd, the first year of Song Kaiqing (1259), Mongo Khan led an army across the canal from Jizhaotan and camped in Lion Mountain. On the third day, Mongo personally supervised the army to fight in Fishing City. On the 7th, the Mongols attacked the wall. The word "wall", also called "transverse wall", is used to stop the enemy from moving outside the city. At the same time, the defenders in the city can move to the position of "wall" through the outer wall to repel the enemy and form an angle crossing attack point with the outer wall. There is a wall in the north and south of Fishing Town. On the 9th, the Mongols captured the west gate of the town. On this day, the Mongolian army stone came to Fishing City to participate in the war. In March, the Mongols attacked Dongxinmen, Qishengmen and Zhenximenbao, all of which were defeated. From April 3rd, the thunderstorm lasted for twenty days. After the rain stopped, the Mongols captured the country on the 22nd of the Gregorian calendar. On the 24th night, Meng Jun boarded the outer city and fought fiercely with Song Jun who was guarding the city. "History of the Yuan Dynasty, Xian Zongji" said that "a lot of Song soldiers were killed", but the Mongolian army's offensive was finally defeated by Song Jun. In May, the Mongolian army attacked Fishing City many times. Since Meng Ge led the army into Shu, most of the mountain cities and castles he passed were easily surrendered by the garrison commander of the Southern Song Dynasty, and he has not encountered any real tough battles. So after fishing mountain, Mongo wanted to take advantage of the situation and pull out his city. Although he stayed in this solid city for a long time, he didn't want to give it up. Although the siege equipment of the Mongolian army was well prepared, the fishing city was too steep to play its role.
Under the joint command of general commander Wang Jian and deputy commander Zhang Jue, the defenders of Fishing City repelled many attacks of Mongolian army. Dong, a thousand families, was ordered by Meng Ge Khan to attack Dengzhou. Dong encouraged his soldiers to climb ladders and slungshots, and arrived in his city to fight hard with Song Jun. But he was forced to retreat because of heavy casualties in his department. His nephew Dong Shiyuan invited his uncle Dong to attack the city and lead his troops into the city. He fought Song Jun for a long time, but he was forced to quit for lack of backup. The fishing city could not be captured for a long time, and Meng Ge Khan ordered the generals to "discuss the enterprising plan." The speed of operation suddenly felt unfavorable to siege. It is better to leave a small number of troops to worry about and join hands with Kublai Khan and other armies along the river to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop. Arrogant generals, on the other hand, advocate storming the city, but regard speed and speed as pedantry. Mongo Khan did not take the advice of quick action and decided to continue to attack the city. However, in the face of fishing, Mongolian cavalry, which is famous for its agility and ferocity, can't do its best. In June, the Mongolian warrior (formerly known as Chen) led his troops to attack the outer city horse at night, and Wang Jian led his troops to refuse to fight. At dawn, it began to rain, and the Mongolian siege ladder was broken and forced to retreat. The Mongols besieged the city for five months and could not get off the city. Wang Dechen rode alone to the foot of Fishing Town, trying to surrender the defenders in the city. He was almost hit by a stone flying from the city, so Wang Dechen fell ill and soon died in the temple in Jinyun Mountain.
When Mungo heard the news of his death, he was heartbroken and lost his right hand. The death of Wang Dechen dealt a great blow to Munger's spirit, and the fishing city could not be captured for a long time, which made Munger furious. After the Mongolian army attacked Sichuan on a large scale, the Southern Song Dynasty took a large-scale rescue operation to Sichuan, but Song Jun, who reinforced the fishing city, was blocked by the Mongolian army and never reached the fishing city. Despite this, the fishing city, which has been besieged for several months, is still rich in materials and the defenders are full of fighting spirit. One day, the defenders of the Southern Song Dynasty threw two fresh fish tails weighing 15 kg and more than 100 steamed noodle cakes to the Mongols outside the city, saying that even if they kept 10 years, the Mongols would not be able to capture the fishing city. In contrast, the situation of Mongolians outside the city is very bad. The Mongolian army stayed under the fortified city for a long time, also in the hot summer season. Mongolians were originally afraid of summer heat and humidity, and their acclimatization led to the epidemic of diseases such as summer heat, malaria and cholera in the army, and the situation was quite serious. According to the records of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongo Khan also fell ill in June, and the history of Raster's collection more clearly stated that he had dysentery. Another book, Travel Notes of Marco Polo and Annals of Rivers in Wanli of Ming Dynasty, said that Mongo Khan was injured. In any case, Mungo can no longer insist on attacking the city. In July, he retired from fishing town to Wentang Gorge in Jinjianshan (now Chongqing North Hot Spring), and Meng died. According to Biography of the History of Yuan Dynasty and Biography of Monuments in Yuan Dynasty, many generals who went out with Munger Khan died at the foot of Fishing City, from which we can imagine the tragic battle of Fishing City and the serious losses of Meng Jun.
The downfall of Mongo Khan under the fishing city had a great impact. First of all, it led to the complete disintegration of the Mongolian War of Destroying the Song Dynasty, which temporarily lasted for 20 years. The Mongols who attacked Sichuan were forced to retreat, escorting Mong Gehan's coffin back to the north. He led the East Route Army to break through the natural barrier of the Yangtze River and surrounded Kublai Khan in Ezhou. In order to compete with his brother Alibaba, he had to withdraw his troops and return to the north. Uriyangqatai army went north from Yunnan via Guangxi, and arrived at the gate of Tanzhou (now Changsha). Because of the death of Mongo, the army also crossed the Yangtze River and returned with the help of a unit sent by Kublai Khan. The northern and southern armies of Mongolia basically marched as scheduled, but fell short because of the defeat of the main battlefield in the west. Secondly, it stopped the third expedition of the Mongolian army and eased the threat of Mongolian forces to Europe, Asia and Africa. 1252, the Mongolian Khan sent his brother Xu Liewu to launch the third Western Expedition, and successively captured large areas of land in the Arabian Peninsula such as Iran, Iraq and Syria. Just as Xu Liewu was preparing to March into Egypt, he learned of Mongo's death, so Xu Liewu left a small amount of troops to continue his campaign and returned to the East with his troops. As a result, the Mongolian army was defeated by the Egyptian army because it was outnumbered. The Mongolian army never entered Africa again. Mongolia's large-scale expansion has since fallen into a trough. Therefore, the influence of the Battle of Fishing City has gone far beyond the scope of China, and it also occupies an important page in world history. Thirdly, it provided an opportunity for Kublai Khan to take charge of the Mongolian regime, which had a great impact on the historical development of China. Meng Han Ge is a Mongolian conservative, and his policy is still traditional. This policy, which has a strong color of Mongolian tribes and western regions, has been extremely unsuitable for the needs of ruling the vast Central Plains and Han areas. Kublai Khan is a rare person in the Mongolian ruling group who worships China culture. After Meng Ge became Khan, Kublai Khan was ordered to take charge of the desert in southern China. He made great efforts to recruit talents and talents, and vigorously promoted the policy of sinicization, and achieved great results. However, it aroused the suspicion of Mongolia and its conservative officials, Kublai Khan was dismissed, and the sinicization policy was forced to cancel. After Kublai Khan ascended the throne of Khan, he continued to carry out the sinicization policy, gradually changed the indiscriminate killing policy of the Mongolian army, and prevented the further destruction of the economy and culture in southern China. Meng left his last words that he would seize the fishing city in the future and kill all the people in it. Later, the fishing city was reduced to yuan, on condition that no one was killed in the city. Drop your weapon. Voluntary termination of resistance. 1279, the garrison commander Wang Li opened the city, and the fishing city fell into the hands of Mongolia. You know, in the process of invading the world, the Mongols slaughtered more than 100 million people, and all the cities that resisted were slaughtered. And they were slaughtered clean. Only Fishing City resisted for 36 years and escaped. Use strength to make the devil put down the butcher knife. As a typical representative of mountain city defense system, fishing town fully demonstrated its defense function in the cold weapon era and became a fortress that Mongolian army could not conquer. The Ancient War Museum of China People's Revolutionary Military Museum specially made a sand table model of the ancient battlefield of Fishing Town to show its important position in the history of ancient war in China.