(1) indicates a turning point, which is equivalent to "however", "but" and "however". Example:
This family is a very wise son and suspects the neighbor's father.
(2) people don't know and don't mind, not as good as a gentleman?
(3) there is public welfare in the world, but it is not prosperous.
4 green is taken from blue, and green is blue.
(2) It indicates a positive relationship, connecting the adverbial and the head word, which is equivalent to "zhe" and "di", or not translated. Example:
(1) A little tired, so that inch.
(2) the uproar and terror, although chickens and dogs can't be peaceful.
(3) If the deceased was guilty at the age of one, everyone else would be happy.
(4) Return at dusk.
⑤ Cover your mouth and smile.
(3) It represents the hypothetical relationship and connects the subject and the predicate, which is equivalent to "if" and "if". Example:
(1) People who have no faith don't know this.
(2) If you are interested, you can also expect horses.
(4) indicating juxtaposition is equivalent to "moreover", "you", "harmony" or no translation. Example:
(1) Sensitive and studious, not shy to ask questions.
② There are different snakes in Yongzhou wild, black and white.
(3) The crab kneels six times and pinches twice, but no one sends it.
(4) frivolous in Qin dynasty.
(5) indicating inheritance, which is equivalent to "harmony", "harmony", "rigidity" or no translation. Example:
(1) Choose the good and follow it, and change the bad.
The more you smell it, the more sad it is.
(3) Place it, draw your sword and break it.
(4) Stop sliding and return.
[6] Pass "Ru": It seems, it seems. Example:
The army was taken aback and the situation was not good.
Once through "uh", you, yours. Example:
(1) and WengGui.
If you want to die, your father.
(3) and mother is here.
Just ... Example:
The ventriloquist sits on the barrier, with a table, a chair, a fan and a ruler.
2 that's all.
(3) When a seal comes out, it is easy to dive.
(4) This heart thinks that the knowledge of the world is only me.
(5) Compared with other big rivers, it is only a small tributary.
"and then" just, just. Example:
(1) Lai Pi Angle, see you later.
(2) I try my best to die.
(3) Then March.
Storytelling is a small skill, but it must have temperament and customs. For example, Youmeng can succeed by shaking his head and singing.
(5) hypocrisy, see you later.
"What's more" means "what's more", which is to go further with rhetorical questions. Example:
(1) Zhong Qing was placed in the water today, although the wind and waves could not sound. And the situation is stone!
(2) The skills are not bad, but the situation is good!
3 Tong Ye and Zhuangzi Tiandao: "Move and hold it, make a machine; Check and save ... "Also, harmony is intertextuality, intertextuality is universal, and it is also interpreted as" harmony ". (Excerpted from Huang Xianfan's Preliminary Study on Interpretation of Ancient Books-Selected Academic Papers of Huang Xianfan) 4 14)
2. Junior middle school students' classical Chinese contains dead words. The classical Chinese sentences containing dead words are as follows:
①& lt； ; move >:； run away
Example: Chen She Family: "Today ~ will die, and the plan will die." (junior high school)
"Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "I feel guilty and want to steal the plan ~ save face." (senior three)
②& lt； ; move >:； Lost; Lost.
Example: "A wise son suspects his neighbor": "The fruit is big at dusk ~ its wealth." (junior high school)
"Six Kingdoms": "The land of princes ~ and the loser ~ is actually a hundred times." (senior three)
③& lt； ; move >:； extinct
Example: "Debate on the Fish": "Although far away from the old country, you can't form a column without drums." (senior three)
On Qin: "So the Qin family came together." (senior three)
④& lt； ; move >:； Death.
Example: "Battle of Red Cliffs": "Today Liu Biao is new ~, and the two sons are not harmonious." (senior three)
⑤& lt； ; move >:； Pass on "forget" and forget.
Example: Han Feizi said Lin: "People can't stop at their feet, but their wealth is limited."
(6) Pass "None". One means "no" and the other means "no"
Example: "Yugong Yishan": "Hequ is wise ~ respond." (junior high school)
"Liu Yi Zhang Shu": "Come tomorrow, please stop me." (senior three)
3. There is no doubt that the classical Chinese in junior high school is straight, and Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan) is a native. During the reign of Emperor Wendi, he served as a Langguan. Once, one of his roommates asked for leave to go home, but this person took another Langguan's gold by mistake. Soon, the owner of gold discovered the loss of gold, and he suspected it was straightforward. In this regard, I have no doubt. He bought the same gold and gave it to his master. A few days later, Lang Guan, who went home on vacation, came back and returned the gold he had taken by mistake to the owner. Lang Guan, who lost his gold, was ashamed. He apologized to Zhi Yi. Direct doubt is generous, no complaints. Therefore, people near and far praised him as a loyal man. Later, she was gradually promoted and became a doctor in Taichung. When he was in court, an official slandered him and said, "I don't doubt that I am beautiful, but I must have an affair with my sister-in-law!" " "After listening, he just calmly replied," I don't have a brother. "That's all, he didn't defend himself after all.
Han Emperor Wen
During the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, he led the army to participate in the counter-insurgency war as a 2000 stone official. In the first year of Jingdi, he was appointed as an ancient consultant. The son of heaven commended the meritorious personnel who put down the rebellion of the seven countries, and he was undoubtedly named Prince Sai. In the first year of Emperor Jian Yuan, two prime ministers, Wei Wan, were dismissed for dereliction of duty. I like reading Laozi and learning the way of Huang Lao. Wherever he goes to be an official, he always adopts the old method, for fear that others will know his business activities as an official. He doesn't like to build a reputation, so he is called a virtuous and kind saint. After his death, his son Zhi Xiangru inherited the title. When Wang Zhi, his grandson, was in office, Wang Zhi's title was cancelled because the sacrificial money given to the court was not in conformity with the regulations. Edit the original text of the related article in this paragraph. It is true that Nanyang people once gave up or went back to the same place for Lang and Wendi, and mistakenly went with them. It's been three days, and the owner thinks there's nothing to doubt. Don't hesitate to thank (5) and buy gold compensation. Those who tell them to come back will return to the golden age. And those who lost money in the past are ashamed. Call them elders. There is no doubt from the translation of Hanshu by people in Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan). During the reign of Emperor Wendi, he served as a Langguan. Once, one of his roommates asked for leave to go home, but this person took another Langguan's gold by mistake. Soon, the owner of gold discovered the loss of gold, and he suspected it was straightforward. In this regard, I have no doubt. He bought the same gold and gave it to his master. A few days later, Lang Guan, who went home on vacation, came back and returned the gold he had taken by mistake to the owner. Lang Guan, who lost his gold, was ashamed. He apologized to Zhi Yi. Direct doubt is generous, no complaints. Therefore, people near and far praised him as a loyal man. Note: ① Lang: official name, assistant minister. 2 Wendi: Wendi. (3) It's already one day, which is equivalent to "one day later". 4 meaning: doubt. ⑤ Xie: Apologize and admit your mistake. When he felt that others wrongly accused him of being a thief, he not only didn't fly into a rage, but also apologized to the other party and bought something to compensate. When the truth came out, his reputation spread. Sometimes, a little tolerance, a little generosity, a little concession and a little patience can just show your true demeanor and accomplishment! The language of Hanshu edited in this section is solemn and neat, with many words and phrases, elegant and far-reaching, which is in sharp contrast with the plain and colloquial words of Shiji. Since Han Shu, China's way of recording history has been imitated by all previous dynasties, compiling the dynastic history of biographical style. Hanshu was written in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, which lasted nearly forty years. Bangu has been a noble family for generations, and there are many books in the family. His father Ban Biao is a master of contemporary Confucianism. He "only taught the saints and then devoted himself", collected the legacy of previous history, observed different stories and wrote 65 biographies of historical records. Ban Gu inherited his stepfather's ambition of "being knowledgeable and taking literature as his career" and wrote Han Shu. His Eight Tables of Books and Tian Zhi were written by his sister Ban Zhao and He, so The Book of Han was written by four people. There are mainly Yan Shigu in Tang Dynasty and Wang Xianqian in Qing Dynasty who annotate Hanshu. Hanshu created the historical records of China's chronicles in past dynasties, and laid a precedent for the revision of history. Historian Zhang Xuecheng once said in "The Meaning of Literature and History": "Shifting history is not a fixed law, but a 10% righteous example, so it is a lesson for future generations." In history, "the goodness of history, the first passage and solid", "History", Shi Ban or Ban Ma also said that the two books have their own strengths, both of which are masterpieces of China history, and those who study literature and history must read them. Hanshu is especially famous for its rich historical materials and rich knowledge. "The book of a whole generation is detailed and detailed, which is beyond the reach of later historians." It can be seen that Hanshu has an important value and position in the history of historiography.
4. All the sentences with the word "Yu" in junior middle school classical Chinese are:
(1) indicates the location and time of the action.
Translated into "in" and "from".
Example: ① Take advantage, use a long spoon to fight (defend)
(2) Mozi heard of it, starting from Lu ("Lost")
(2) the object of action
Translate image, capital, communication, giving and Tao.
Example: ① The snake god heard about it and was very afraid. He told the story to the emperor (Yugong Yishan) Zhi Dou.
(2) Fu Yue in poor language ("for learning")
(3) Every time I discuss this matter with ministers, I sigh and hate Yu Huan and Ling Ye (Liezi).
(4) Therefore, heaven will be a great responsibility, so people are also (chapter 2 of Mencius)
(5) What is the legacy of the benevolent Shi Zhuang (Mo Chi Ji)?
(3) Used in passive sentence inversion to introduce active behavior.
Translated as "Bei".
Example: "Being subject to others" means "being subject to".
(d) Used after adjectives to indicate comparison.
The translation is "Bi".
Exodus: Life is worse than death. ("I want what I want")
(5) Table reasons
Translated as "because" and "because".
Exodus: Born in sorrow, died in happiness. (Chapter 2 of Mencius)
5. Those who have doubts about classical Chinese in junior and middle schools have doubts about learning classical Chinese, and those who have doubts about learning classical Chinese have virtues.
[Original]
No matter how talented you are, you can study hard, ask questions and think about everything, and you will have your own day. I think my family background is not bad, but I can be honest and mature, and I don't care what I do, so I am the person that the branch secretary looks up to.
[translation]
Reading and learning is not about talent. As long as you can study hard, think more, be ashamed to ask questions, observe everything carefully and think about why, you will naturally be sensible one day; Get a foothold in society, and don't feel inferior for your humble origins. If you are loyal, honest and conscientious, you will become a person admired by your neighbors.
There are many figures, such as Copernicus, Lu Xun and Chen Jingrun.
6. What are the classical Chinese in junior high school? What are the classical Chinese in Grade One and Grade Seven?
1, Tong Qu (Shen Fu) 2, Ten Articles of the Analects of Confucius 3, Pu Songling in Rocks 4, Two Liu Yiqing in Shi Shuo Xin Yu 5, Yong Xue 6, Friendship of Chen Taiqiu 7, Four Fables 8, Naoko's Suspected Neighbor 9, every cloud has a silver lining.
Grade two and seven, volume two of classical Chinese.
1, Shang, Wang Anshi 2, Sun Quan's exhortation to learn Zi Jian 3, ventriloquism 4, two essays 5, daily life 6, * * public anger can't touch Zhoushan 7, wolf Pu Songling.
The first volume of classical Chinese in Grade 38
1, Tao Yuanming in Peach Blossom Garden 2, two essays 3, Zhuozheng Dianming (Liu Yuxi) 4, Ailian's Theory (Zhou Dunyi) 5, Story of Nuclear Boat (Wei Xueyi) 6, Journey to Avenue (Book of Rites) 7, Three Gorges (Li Daoyuan) 8, two essays 9, Bai Zhongshu (Tao Hongjing) 650.
Classical Chinese in the second volume of Grade Four and Eight
1, Wu Jun and Zhu, Tao Yuanming and Mr. Wuliu, Han Yu and Ma, Song Lian and Ma in Dongyang, Liu Zongyuan and Xiaoshitang, Fan Zhongyan and Yueyang Tower, Ouyang Xiu and Zuiwengting, Yuan Hongdao and Travel Notes.
The first volume of classical Chinese in grade five or nine
1, Chen She aristocratic family Sima Qian 2, Tang Ju failed to fulfill his mission, The Warring States Policy 3, Longzhong vs. Chen Shou 4, Zhuge Liang as the teacher.
Grade six or nine, volume two of classical Chinese
1, lost Mozi 2, Mencius 2, gained more help, gained less help 4, was born in sorrow, died in happiness 5, fish I want, Mencius 6, Zhuangzi 2 story 7, Keiko Xiang Liang 8, Zhuangzi and Keiko You Haoliang 9, Cao Gui argued Zuo Zhuan 60.
Extended data:
Classical Chinese is a written language based on ancient spoken Chinese. In ancient times, there was little difference between classical Chinese and spoken English. Today's classical Chinese is an article composed of an ancient written language in China, mainly including the written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were no articles for writing, but bamboo slips, silk books and other things were used to write.
With the change of history and the evolution of spoken language, the difference between classical Chinese and spoken language has gradually expanded, and "classical Chinese" has become the exclusive language of scholars. Classical Chinese is relative to the vernacular Chinese after the New Culture Movement, and there was no such thing as classical Chinese in ancient times. It is characterized by paying attention to the use of allusions, parallel prose and neat melody, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and other styles.
References:
Sogou encyclopedia: classical Chinese
7. What are the ancient texts that junior high school must recite? I looked it up and summarized it with you according to different versions:
H version (grades 7-9)
■ Grade 7 (1): Hu Ailianshuo, humble room Ming, oil man, two children arguing about the Japanese and Zhou Yafu armies.
■ Grade 7 (Part 2): Learn from each other, the beast in the river, Bian Que meets Cai Huangong.
■ Grade 8 (1): Young China's story (the third paragraph), the story of Xiaoshitang, the story of nuclear ship, car smuggling, ventriloquism, an autumn night in the mountains, returning home, the storm on 1 1 the 4th of the month, Qingpingle Village, a visit to Shanxi Village, and Yuanri.
■ Grade 8 (below): Book Borrowing, Snake Catcher, Peach Blossom Garden, Cao Gui Debate, One Mountain in Gong Yu, Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellany, Fishing Song, Bai Weiling Ren, Huanxisha, Like a Dream, Xijiangyue.
■ Grade 9 (1): A song "Snow White Farewell to the Field-Secretary Wu Comes Home", "Konakayama", "Mountain Poyang Tongguan Nostalgia", "Yu Yi", "Ganjiang River", "Cuiwei Pavilion in Chizhou", "Yu Jia 'ao", "Zhao Wen", "He Quan Answers Poems" and "What I See in a Boat Night Book".
■ Grade 9 (below): The Tang drama lived up to its mission, recorded Yueyang Tower, set an example, was born in sorrow and died in happiness, recorded Mount Tai, jathyapple, Chibi, the retreat of Buddhism after breaking the mountain temple, watching the sea, Qingyu case, Yuanxi, midnight Wu Ge, Wulingchun, Yongmei, painted bamboo in Weixian Department, and the Yellow River was recovered by the imperial army during Baicheng period.
S version (grades 7-9)
■ Grade 7 (1): Shi Hu Li Chuan, Charcoal Man, Tong Qu.
■ Level 7 (bottom): Gong Yu moves mountains, and wolves and villains have no friends.
■ Grade 8 (1): Nuclear Boat Story, Peach Blossom Garden Story, Drunken Pavilion Story, Love Lotus Story, Inscription of Humble Room, Two Poems on Don't Go East (Part I), Singing Willow, Visiting the Garden for Worthless, Talking about Poetry, Getting stuck in Going Out, and Making a Storm on November 4th.
■ Grade 8 (Part 2): Notes on Xiaoshitang, Climbing Mount Tai (the third, fourth and fifth paragraphs), Confucius' Theory (five articles), Jiang Xue, Recalling Jiangnan, Sleeping in Jiande River, Topic Xilin Wall, Visiting Shanxi Village and Reading.
■ Grade 9 (1): Wang Chun's Old Warsong, Broken Array, Fu Zhuang for Chen Tongfu, Wu Lingchun, young chinese (the third paragraph), Snake Catcher (the fourth paragraph), a night-mooring near maple bridge, Qingpingle Village Residence, Huang Sheng Borrowing Books, and Huang Sheng Borrowing Books
■ Ninth grade (below): Debate, Make Chu, Commandment, Learn from Me, Stone Beasts in the River, Diligent Training, Begging for No Corrupt Officials, Eagle Moss, Farewell to Deputy Commanders to Shu, Han Donglang (one of the two songs), Qin Shi, Yuan Ri, etc.
New textbooks (grades 7-9)
■ Grade 7 (bottom): Guizhou donkey, mouse's blessing, wolf, Liang Zhu (leaning against a dangerous building), Huanxisha (a new word), picking mulberry seeds (after a group of flowers), hunting in Jiangchengzi Mizhou, setting a storm (not listening to the forest), divining symbols (I live at the head of the Yangtze River) and cutting plums (.
■ Grade 8 (I): Public defeat, the two sons argued about Japan, and Zou Ji satirized coachable and He Xinlang for sending Hu Bangheng to NSW to tell their feelings (in Wan Li that year), ugly slaves planted a tree in the middle of Boshan Road, broke a note sent by a fighter to Chen Tongfu, and sent a note to a friend in the north on a rainy night. I heard that Wang Changling had moved his dragon watch to send this letter, and learned about Jingci Temple.
■ Level 8 (below): Trapped in the door, aristocratic family, answering Sima's suggestion, the story of Xiaoshitang, flowers are not flowers, crossing the zero line, plum blossom quatrains, early plum blossoms, book fragrance, stepping out of Xiamenxing (below).
■ Grade 9 (1): Confucius and Mencius on learning (the first four lessons), Mianxue (the second half of the second paragraph), intensive reading, Huang Sheng's theory of borrowing books, questioning and speaking, Cold Spring Pavilion, Yueyang Tower, Zuiweng Pavilion, Tianjingsha Qiu Si, Mountain Sheep, Tongguan nostalgia, winter night reading and boundless river reading.
■ Grade 9 (below): Tang Ju did not live up to his mission, the Zhou Yafu army was a willow, a model, a peach blossom garden, a snake catcher's theory (the fourth paragraph), Taishan Mountain, Mulan Poetry, the best in Lanxi, and the wind in Huaishang, a message for Han Chuo, the Yangzhou magistrate.
8. Who teaches classical Chinese in junior high school in the seventh grade?
First unit
5. Childlike interest (divine gift)
Second unit
10, Ten Analects of Confucius
Third unit
15, five ancient poems
Look at the sea (Cao Cao)
A berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain (Wang Wan)
Spring outing in Qiantang River (Bai Juyi)
Xijiangyue (Xin Qiji)
Tianjingsha? Qiu Si (Ma Zhiyuan)
Fourth unit
20.* Shancheng (Pu Songling)
Fifth unit
25. Two articles of Shi Shuo Xin Yu
Xue Yong
Chen Taiqiu and Friendship Period
Sixth unit
30.* Four Fables
Think children are smart and doubt your neighbors.
The old pioneer lost his horse-a blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise.
People's education edition, seventh grade, second volume
First unit
5. Shang (Wang Anshi)
Second unit
10, Mulan poem
Third unit
15, * Sun Quan advised Zijian
Fourth unit
20, ventriloquism (Lin Sihuan)
Fifth unit
25. Two short essays
Kuafu's Daily Classic of Mountains and Seas
Two children argued about Japanese Liezi.
Sixth unit
30.* Wolf (Pu Songling)
The first volume of the eighth grade of People's Education Edition
Fifth unit
2 1, Taohuayuan (Tao Yuanming)
22. Two short essays
Humble room inscription (Liu Yuxi)
Ailian said (Zhou Dunyi)
23. Nuclear Boat (Wei Xueyi)
24. A trip to the Avenue (Book of Rites)
25. Three Poems by Du Fu
Wang yue
spring scenery
Li Shihao
Sixth unit
26. Three Gorges (Li Daoyuan)
27. Two short essays
Thanks to Zhong Shushu (Tao Hongjing)
Night Tour in Chengtian Temple (Su Shi)
28. Observe the tides (carefully)
29. Look at the snow in the middle of the lake (Zhang Dai)
30. Four poems belong to Yuan Tianju (Tao Yuanming)
Arriving at the border (Wang Wei)
Seeing a friend off at Jingmen Ferry (Li Bai)
Visit Shanxi village (land tour)
People's Education Press Grade 8 Volume II
Fifth unit
2 1, and Zhu Shu (Wu Jun)
22. Biography of Mr. Wuliu (Tao Yuanming)
23. Ma Shuo (Han Yu)
24. Send the horse to Dongyang (excerpt) (Song Lian)
25. Five poems and songs were presented at the first meeting of Lotte (Liu Yuxi) in Yangzhou.
Chibi (Dumu)
Guo Yang (Wen Tianxiang)
Water regulation (when is the bright moon) (Su Shi)
Goat? Tongguan nostalgia (Zhang)
Sixth unit
26. Xiaoshitang (Liu Zongyuan)
27. Yueyang Tower (Fan Zhongyan)
28. Zuiwengting (Ouyang Xiu)
29. Man Jing's Travel Notes (Yuan Hongdao)
30, five poems drinking (5) (Tao Yuanming)
It's hard to go (1) (Li Bai)
The hut was broken by the autumn wind (Du Fu)
A song "Bai Xuege" sent Tian Shuji Wu home ()
Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems (Gong Zizhen)
People's education edition, ninth grade, first volume
Sixth unit
2 1, Chen She aristocratic family (Sima Qian)
22. Tang Ju lives up to her mission (Liu Xiang)
23. Longzhong Dui (Chen Shou)
24. Be a model (Zhuge Liang)
25. Five words
Wang Jiangnan (Wen)
Jiangchengzi? Mizhou Hunting (Su Shi)
The Fisherman's Pride (Fan Zhongyan)
Is it broken? Send the sophistry to Chen Tongfu (Xin Qiji)
Wu Lingchun (Li Qingzhao)
People's Education Edition Ninth Grade Volume II
Fifth unit
17, ink input.
18, Mencius two chapters
a just cause enjoys abundant support while an unjust cause finds little
Be born at hardship, die at peace and happiness
19, fish what I want, Mencius
20. Two stories about Zhuangzi.
Huizi Xiang Liang
Zhuangzi and Keiko are swimming in Haoliang.
Sixth unit
2 1, Cao Gui's argument about Zuo Zhuan
22. Zou Ji satirized Wang Qi's Warring States policy.
23, Yugong Yishan "Liezi"
24. Two poems in The Book of Songs
Crown spike
Jianjia