Before Sui and Tang Dynasties, most of the poems in Qi and Liang Dynasties were court poems with flowery rhetoric and empty content, and most of the poets were dignitaries. But in the Tang Dynasty, influenced by some lonely poets such as Meng Haoran and Gao Shi, his poems became fresh and natural. In the era of Du Fu, his poems can be called "the history of poetry".
Poetry is divided into quatrains, five-character poems, seven-character poems and ancient poems. Five-character metrical poems were the main body in the early Tang Dynasty, and seven-character metrical poems were shaped in Shen Song (Shen Quanqi and Song Dynasty) in the early Tang Dynasty. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the middle Tang Dynasty gradually occupied the main body.
The representative poets in the early Tang Dynasty are:, Lu,, Yang Jiong,. The ancient poems written by Chen Ziang in the early Tang Dynasty are somewhat out of place, which is also valued by later generations.
Representative poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty: Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Gao Shi, Cen Can, Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Changling.
Wang Wei
In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Li Bai and Du Fu were the most famous, followed by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, as well as Gao Shi and Cen Can. Du Fu won his fame at the latest, and all his poems were written during the Anshi Rebellion at the end of Tianbao. Li Bai was called into the palace during the Tianbao period and became famous in one fell swoop. In the early years of Kaiyuan, the most famous poet was Wang Wei.
Wang Wei is from Mozi and Taiyuan. Familiar with Buddhist classics. In Buddhism, there is a Vimalakīrti Sutra written by Vimalakīrti, a wise Buddhist, and his disciples. Wang Wei admired it, so he took it apart and named himself Wei, with the word "Momo". He is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, but also deeper than music. He is good at playing the piano and pipa. His poems and paintings are light and long. Su Dongpo once said: "Look at poetry, there are paintings in poetry, and look at paintings, and there are poems in paintings."
In the ninth year of kaiyuan, he was the top scholar, and the official right picked up the remains and moved later. At the end of Tianbao, during the Anshi Rebellion, An Lushan captured Chang 'an, but Wang Wei failed to escape in time and was forced to become a fake official. After Tang Suzong and Hengli re-established power, Wang Wei was only pardoned, because his younger brother Wang Jin, if he was not the prime minister, was afraid of him. His last official position was Shangshu Youcheng, so later generations called him Wang Youcheng.
meng haoran
People often call Wang Meng both because their poetic style is mainly light and leisurely. Meng Haoran is older than Wang Wei 10 years old, but his career is not as good as Wang Wei's. Wang Wei can survive as a fake official in the Anshi Rebellion and continue to be an official, but Meng Haoran has never been a scholar or an official. Meng Haoran, a native of Xiangyang, died in the 28th year of Kaiyuan. Later generations said that "Meng, literature is not an official, behavior is not for decoration, and travel is not for profit" is indeed a bit too beautified. For example, in his masterpiece "A Gift to Prime Minister Zhang of Dongting Lake", "It's better to be a gentleman without a boat" is a manifestation of wanting to be an official. Most of his thoughts are the declining mood of struggling for official position and despair.
Wang Changling
Shao Bo is from Jingzhao (Xi). In the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan, he was both a scholar and a scholar (the same year as Chang Jian, but Chang Jian's career was not as good as Wang Changling's). The last official position was Long Biaobiao, and later generations called him Wang Longbiao.
Chang Jian, Wang Changling, Chu Guangxi, Meng Haoran and Wang Zhihuan were all famous poets in Kaiyuan and Tianbao years, and they were all down and out.
Among the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wang Changling is a master of the seven-character quatrains, and his seven-character quatrains have been circulated the most. Themes are mainly divided into three categories:
Gongci, in my heart forever.
Friends send gifts.
Frontier fortress joined the army
Cen Can Normal University
As famous frontier poets, Gao Shi and Cen Can are also called "Gao Cen". Due to the frequent border wars in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, many poets served as aides in the J team, experienced the life of the frontier fortress, and wrote a lot of folk poems praising the frontier fortress and the J team. Gao Shi and Cen Can are the leading figures of this school of frontier poets. Later generations will call Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan "the four frontier poets".
Lipper
In Li Bai's poems, five words are more than seven, and ancient poems and verses are more than metrical poems. He has recited poems for thousands of years, most of which are songs, which is also related to his artistic techniques. He is good at Yuefu songs, ancient customs, quatrains, and five or seven-character poems in turn. Among them, the seven-character metrical poems are few and weak, the most prominent of which is "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing".
Li Bai is a romantic poet. He expresses his heroic, melancholy and resentful feelings with all kinds of thinking in images, and takes wandering immortals and drinking as his coat.
In "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream", he wrote at the beginning that "a tourist who sails will talk about Japan, which is inaccessible to water and fog", and his credit was so firm that he himself denied the existence of fairy mountain. It can be seen that all Li Bai's poems about immortals, together with all other poems about wine and women, are not out of his sincerity, but put on his romantic coat.
Du Fu missed Li Bai's poems and said, "It's sad to pretend to be crazy and not look at Li Shengjiu. The world wants to kill, I only sympathize. " A "pretender" said he was playing the fool.
After being summoned by Xuanzong as a cloth, Li Bai was left to write to the Hanlin Academy. Xuanzong often asked Li Bai to write lyrics when he and Yang Guifei were enjoying flowers and drinking. His Qing Ping Diao and Gong Xing Yue Ci are imperial edicts in the palace. Among them, "Who is the first in the palace, the swallow is in Zhaoyang" and "Who looks like the Han Palace, and the poor swallow leans on the new makeup" are all poems to compliment Yang Guifei's Zhao-like beauty (Zhao, who was deeply loved by Emperor Han Cheng, became a queen and did many bad things in the palace, and even was called a disaster in the ruling and opposition). Gao Lishi made mischief in front of Yang Guifei. In the end, Li failed to make it, and the money was returned.
Du Fu
Contrary to Li Bai, Du Fu is calm and quiet, and his poems are all tempered. To achieve "the language is not amazing and endless." He is a realistic poet. Du Fu lived in poverty in his later years, and his poems were full of sadness, but his poetic technique was extremely fine and his art was highly exquisite.
In terms of age, Du Fu is eleven years younger than Li Bai. But he is not as good as Li Baiyun. Li Bai arrived in Chang 'an at the end of Kaiyuan. He boasted, the princess was promoted, and Tang Xuanzong appreciated it. He soon dedicated it to the Hanlin. However, Du Fu's official career was not so smooth, and not so many people appreciated it at first. In the twenty-third year of Kaiyuan, after the first Jinshi, he wandered around and returned to Chang 'an in five years. For seven years, Chang 'an was unknown. Later, he wrote several poems praising Xuanzong as an official. The following year, An Shi Rebellion happened. After three years of chaos, I live in Chengdu.
Du Fu's poems are called "history of poetry" by later generations, which describe political and social reality and record personal life during the An-Shi Rebellion. However, at that time, Du Fu could not be compared with Li Bai. The classical poems collected in the same period include Li Bai, but there is no Du Fu. It was not until Yuan Zhen strongly praised Du Fu and Han Yu that "Du Li's articles are there and the light is long" was called Du Li.
Du Fu, in a nice word, called himself Shaoling Night Old. Because his family lives in Shaoling, southeast of Chang 'an. He has many groups of poems. Such as "two funerals": the loss of Jiangtou and the loss of Wang's grandson; "two sorrows": Chen Tao's sorrow and the sorrow of cleaning the class; "Three officials and three points": Xin 'anli, Tongguan official and Shi Haoguan; Wedding farewell, old age farewell, homelessness.
Du Fu was famous not because of his poems, but because he wrote a pleading letter, which shocked the ruling and opposition parties. In his poem, "I hope my art can bring me fame and save me from public office in my sick old age!" " Refers to this matter. Fangfang invited the military marshal, but was defeated twice by Chen Tao and Kiyosaka. Du Fu interceded for Fangfang and was demoted. Tang Suzong was furious.
When Du Fu writes poetry, he is often used to marking the year and month, which is also his poetic history brushwork. There are more than 1400 poems by Du Fu, most of which are five-character poems and most of which are metrical poems. Especially in his later years, he wrote poems with lofty spirit, strict laws and gloomy mood. Although he described his personal life experience, he also fully expressed the court turmoil and social unrest, unlike Meng Jiao and Jia Dao who later wrote about the frustration and grief of literati.