There are two pieces of paper in my mood, and it's too late to reread them. At the beginning of the night in the fifth house, a residual lamp is about to go out.
Drunk with Li Eleven and Remembering Yuan Jiu;
When the flowers bloom, we indulge in the melancholy of spring and wait for the squid as a bargaining chip in the later stage of drunkenness. It suddenly occurred to me that my old friend is far away from home, so I can only count that you are traveling in Liangzhou today.
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This poem was written in 8 10 (Tang Xianzong Yuanhe five years), when Bai Juyi was thirty-nine years old, left-handed in Korea, and graduated from Hanlin.
This poem expresses the poet's own loneliness, infinite yearning and infinite concern for his friends. But all this is not clear. The author just wrote his own letter and put the stationery in the envelope. I felt as if I still had a lot to say and something to add or modify, so I took out the letter and reread it. But I don't know what to add. So I'm in an uncertain mood, full of thoughts and at a loss. What the poet is thinking at this moment can generally be inferred from other poems. For example, some authors pay attention to Yuan Zhen's daily life, as the author said in another poem: "I am still afraid of dissent, and Jiangling is humble and wet." There is also the author's sympathy for Yuan Zhen's misfortune and infinite indignation at the evil forces of the imperial court, just as the author wrote in another poem: "The situation is on the road to fame and fortune, and there are storms in life." He hides a trap in his heart and weaves a net with clever words. In addition, there is the author's summary and review of his previous thoughts and behaviors, as well as his outlook on how to live and behave in the future. Because the author wrote "Qin Zhongyin", he achieved "the rich and powerful are close to each other and change color"; Because the author wrote "Looking at the Garden with Joy", it embarrassed the "power holders"; And "Ziwei Geshan North Village" makes "people in important positions gnash their teeth". How to go your own way in the future, these should also be discussed with old friends; Of course, the most important and urgent thing at present is to avenge Yuan Zhen, and I will do my best to avenge him. However, the evil forces in the imperial court are very large and outnumbered, and they are not suppressing evil forces. I'm afraid it's difficult to solve Yuan Zhen's problem quickly. This is the shame of an old friend, and so on. Some of these words may have been written in a "two-page book", and some may not have been written, because it caused many associations and memories. This letter seems to have been written for a long time, or it may have been written and torn, torn and written, so that it was not sealed until the weather of the May Fourth Movement, near the early morning. "After the first sound of the fifth palace leak, a small cold lamp is about to go out." The poet's hesitant expression is so empty, silent and sad against a dying cold lamp! But Geng Xu also reminded him that the author's thoughts must be recovered from Jiangling thousands of miles away; This letter must also be sealed immediately; At present, this kind of environmental atmosphere, although lonely, can freely miss friends, and will soon disappear; A society distorted by power and fame and fortune will soon recover and become active. All these inevitably make the poet's heart swell with a layer of lonely anxiety and sadness.
These are readers' analysis and speculation, which are not clearly stated in the poem. In fact, the ideas contained in it are far more profound and subtle than what readers say. Many of Bai Juyi's poems are criticized for being straightforward, but this one, The Forbidden City and Yuan Jiu at Night, is extremely subtle. The author only described an environmental atmosphere, a vivid image full of emotion. As for what this image is thinking, the poet didn't say anything at all, and everything is self-evident. But this kind of "silence" is exactly what the author said in Pipa Xing: "Don't hate life with hidden feelings, silence is better than sound".
Brief introduction of the author
Bai Juyi (772-846), Han nationality, was born in Xinzheng, Henan (now Xinzheng, Zhengzhou). He was called "Bai Yuan" with Yuan Zhen and "Bai Liu" with Liu Yuxi. He is a famous poet and writer with far-reaching influence in the history of China literature. He is as famous as Li Bai and Du Fu, and has a kind of "magic power of poetry". Bai Juyi's ancestral home was Taiyuan, Shanxi, and his great-grandfather moved to the summer suburbs (now Weinan North, Shaanxi). His grandfather Huang Bai moved to Xinzheng, Henan. On February 28th, 772 (the 20th day of the first month of the seventh year in Dali, Tang Daizong), Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng. Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan, Luoyang for a long time in his later years, and was called "Xiangshan laity". In August of 846 (the sixth year of Wuzong Huichang), Bai Juyi died of illness in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan, Luoyang, at the age of 75. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem to mourn him, saying, "Who taught Ming Lu to write poems for sixty years and make jade beads?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article is full of people's ears. "For a while, I missed you sadly." He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection.
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When the flowers bloom, we get drunk together to dispel the melancholy of spring. After getting drunk, we expect the flower branches to become chips for drinking.
It suddenly occurred to me that the old friend is far from home, and you should go to Liangzhou today.
Creation background
Tang people like to be commensurate with their own rank. The "Yuan Jiu" in this poem is Yuan Zhen, just like Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty. In the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), Yuan Zhen sent an envoy to Dongchuan. Bai Juyi is in Chang 'an. He and his younger brothers Bai Xingjian and Li Youzhi (that is, Li Shiyi in the poem) went to Qujiang and Jiuyi Temple for a spring outing, and then went to the tour house for a drink. He remembered Yuan Zhen at the dinner table and wrote this poem.
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Tang people like to be commensurate with their own rank. The "Yuan Jiu" in this poem is Yuan Zhen, just like Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty. In 809 (Yuan and four years), Yuan Zhen sent envoys to Dongchuan. Bai Juyi is in Chang 'an. He and his younger brothers Bai Xingjian and Li Youzhi (that is, Li Shiyi in the poem) went to Qujiang and Jiuyi Temple for a spring outing, and then went to the tour house for a drink. He remembered Yuan Zhen at the dinner table and wrote this poem.
The first sentence of the poem, according to Bai Xingjian, who was attending the banquet at that time, recorded in his "Three Dreams", should be reliable. But in Bai's "Evergreen Collection", there is a saying that "flowers are drunk." In the process of transferring money or carving a poem, there will be different languages, and the author will scrutinize his work repeatedly and revise it many times. As far as this poem is concerned, Bai Xingjian may record the text of the first draft, while what he recorded in Bai Changqing Collection is the final draft. The reason why the poet made such a revision is because the first sentence of the poem is "Qi", the second sentence is "Cheng" and the third sentence is "Speciality". Judging from the relationship between the first sentence and the second sentence, changing "no plan for spring" to "drunk when spending" is more closely related to the sentence of "drunk folding flowers", while in the upper and lower sentences, the word "flower" and "drunk" are used repeatedly, which is more exciting. Looking at the relationship between the first sentence and the third sentence, "spring sorrow" was originally the foreshadowing of "remembering the old friend", but if we said "there is no plan to break the spring sorrow" from the beginning, the third sentence would not turn. This change, first of all, said that the spring sorrow had been drunk, and then in the third sentence, suddenly turned the word "suddenly remembered" and saw the ups and downs of beauty, which led to the whole article.
This poem is characterized by improvisation, without carving, and expresses extremely profound and sincere feelings in extremely simple and simple language. The expression of affection is mainly in the sentence "Ji Chengjin arrived in Liangzhou" at the end of the article. "Ji Cheng" comes from the previous sentence "sudden memory", which is the deepening of "memory". When an old friend has left, when residents remember the traveler, with the deepening of memory, they often calculate whether the other person has arrived at the destination or somewhere halfway. Here, the poet's thoughts are everywhere, writing the true feelings in this life, giving people a particularly real and cordial feeling.
Bai Juyi's calculation of Yuan Zhen's journey is very accurate. When Yuan Zhen was in Liangzhou when he wrote this poem "Drunk Memories of Yuan Jiu", he wrote a poem "Liangzhou Dream": "Dream Jun swam around Qujiangtou to Ci 'en Hospital. The official of the museum called the horse to send it, and suddenly he was surprised by Gu Liangzhou. Yuan Zhen's interpretation of this poem is: "I stayed at Hanchuan Post Station for the night, and dreamed that I would travel to Qujiang with Zhi Zhi and Lotte, and enter the courtyards of Gyangji. Suddenly, I hitchhiked and got the order, and the postman had called to announce it. "Coincidentally, the true story written in Bai Juyi's poems coincides with the dream written by Yuan Zhen. On the surface, this incident has a mysterious color, but in fact it is a coincidence that may happen in life, and this coincidence is based on the usual friendship between Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Ji 'en Temple and Qujiang in the southeast of Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty were all places of interest at that time. Moreover, after the Jinshi started, the emperor gave a banquet in Qujiang; Jionji Pagoda is the Wild Goose Pagoda, and it is also the place where the new Jinshi inscribed it. The two of them should often go to these two places for dinner together. As far as Yuan Zhen is concerned, when he misses his old friends and reminisces about his past travels during his lonely journey, these two places of interest in Chang 'an will not only appear in his mind during the day, but also enter his dreams at night. Because this dream originally came from the memory of my old friend Chang 'an and my trip to my hometown day and night, he just wrote it truthfully, without exaggeration, and infinite lovesickness and true feelings were all in it. His deep feelings can be compared with Bai Juyi's poems.
Readers can see the friendship between the two people, and they can also see that Bai Juyi's poem, although seemingly accidental, has its profound and sincere emotional foundation. If we look at their poems together, one is written in Chang 'an and the other in Liangzhou. Write the memory of residents and the thoughts of pedestrians; A photo story, a dream; However, the events in the poem, as "the poem of skill" said, "are harmonious". And the two poems were written on the same day, using the same rhyme. This is the exchange and mutual induction of two kinds of feelings in different places. Readers can not only appreciate the artistic charm of this poem, but also enjoy the truth, goodness and beauty from its emotional content.