Appreciation of Qu Yuan's National Mourning
Fuck, Angkor was bitten by a rhino,
The car is in the wrong hub (G incarnation).
If the sky covers the sun and the enemy is like a cloud,
The arrow is on the string, and people are fighting for the first place.
Yu Ling-array (liè) and Yu-line (háng),
The left leg (cān) was injured by a right knife.
Haze (mái) two rounds of Xi Zhi (zhí) four horses,
Yu Yuan plays drums.
Li Du was very angry when the weather was bad.
Kill them all and abandon vilen.
I can't get out and I can't go back,
The plain suddenly flows, and the road is too far.
With a sword and a A Qin bow,
I won't be punished for leaving my mind and heart.
Honesty is courage and bravery,
Finally, I am strong and unstoppable.
I am dead, I am still alive,
A child's soul is a ghost.
Angkor in hand, wearing rhinoceros skin armor, chariots criss-crossing, sword and shadow chopping and killing. Flags cover the sky, enemies are like dark clouds, arrows fly down, and foot soldiers fight for the first place. Occupy my position, trample on our team, and stab at the left. Bury two rounds, trip four horses, and beat the drum with a jade mallet. It was dark, the gods were angry, the bodies were brutally killed, and vilen was abandoned.
Going to war without returning, the plain is dense and the road is long. Wear a long sword with a strong crossbow, separate yourself and keep your strong heart. Really brave and hard, always strong. No one can violate it. The body is dead, the spirit is immortal, and your soul is a hero among ghosts!
Make an appreciative comment
"National Mourning" is one of the nine songs written by Qu Yuan to offer sacrifices to ghosts and gods. It is about mourning and praising the heroic soul of Chu Bing who died for his country.
This music song is divided into two parts. Firstly, it describes the heroic scene of Chu soldiers fighting hand-to-hand with the enemy, and then mourns their lofty ambition of dying for their country. As can be seen from the first section, the sun is covered and the enemy is like a cloud. This is a life-and-death battle. When the enemy came menacingly and rushed into the battle formation of the Chu army, the soldiers of the Chu army still fought bravely for the first place when they wanted to move forward. However, a main battle vehicle rushed out of the battle. This original four-horse cart, although the Hummer on the left has been shot to death and the Hummer on the right has been chopped, its owner, Commander-in-Chief of Chu Army, is still fearless. He buried the two wheels of the chariot in the soil, locked the reins in the cage, but raised the mallet to beat the marching drums. At that time, the fighting spirit killed Xiao, which led to the anger of Heaven following Wei. When the murderous look is exhausted, there are only bodies left on the battlefield, lying in the wilderness.
The author has a high ability to describe the scene and render the atmosphere. However, in ten sentences, a life-and-death battle is vividly written and extremely infectious. In their bones, they eulogized the dead soldiers with emotional strokes. I feel that since they put on armor one day, they never want to get away with it again. At this moment, they lay there peacefully and without regret, clutching their weapons. He could hardly contain his emotions. He is full of love for these soldiers, just as he often refers to beautiful people with beautiful herbs. In this article, he also decorated his characters with all beautiful things. These brave soldiers are famous for their sharp bows made in Wu and powerful bows made in Qin. They are wearing rhinoceros leather armor and holding drumsticks embedded with jade. They are outstanding people in life, but they die ghosts and heroes. The name of England will live forever.
According to the existing historical data, we can't point out the specific time and place of the war and who is the hostile party. However, on that day, Chu was always threatened by Qin, the most powerful of the seven countries. Since Chu Huaiwang came to power, there have been several large-scale wars between Chu and Qiang Qin, most of which were Chu's patriotic war against Qin Jun's invasion. From this basic historical fact, it is probably no problem to say that this article is about the Chu army's resistance to Qiang Qin's invasion. In this description, the author's passion for the motherland is vividly expressed.
After the demise of Chu, there was a saying in Chu: "Although there are three Chu schools, Qin will die." In this work, Qu Yuan mourns the fallen soldiers, but at the same time vaguely expresses his desire to avenge the national humiliation and his belief in the victory of the just cause. In this sense, his thoughts are closely related to the Chu people. As the first great poet of the Chinese nation who made contributions to mankind, what he wrote was not just a little personal sadness and joy, but was framed, rejected and even exiled in Yuanxiang. ? Suffering; What he dedicated to people was his almost paranoid patriotism. He is the throat of the Chu people, and his national mourning, including a series of other works, expresses the patriotic aspirations of the Chu people.
This article is somewhat different from the author's other works in artistic expression, and even different from other music songs in Nine Songs. It's not a gaudy, gorgeous chapter. However, it is "expressing one's mind directly" (Dai Zhen's Qu Zhu), which conveys the beauty of loftiness and masculinity consistent with the reflected person with deep and fiery emotions. It is unique in Chu Ci works and makes people feel strong. (Wang Yonghao)
Teaching plan of National Mourning 1
Teaching objectives and requirements
1. Experience the strong patriotic spirit of "national mourning" by shaping and praising the heroes who died for their country.
2. Understand the combination of narration and praise.
Recite the poem and explain the key words correctly.
Teaching focus
The strong patriotism shown in this poem.
Teaching difficulties
New words to describe ancient wars.
teaching process
First, introduce Qu Yuan and Chu Ci.
Lead: Today, we will learn a poem "National Mourning" by the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan, this great name must be familiar to us.
(1) Who can tell me what I know about Qu? (people of what era? What nationality? What works are there? About his legend) (2) Read your own notes ① Draw an introduction about Qu Yuan; (3) Solve the problem. National mourning is one of the nine songs. Chu Ci is a poem with local characteristics of Chu State. Chu dialect is widely used in poetry, and the word "Xi" is widely used in poetry. Nine Songs is a folk sacrificial song of Chu in the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan was transformed after processing to mourn the soldiers of Chu who died for their country. "Mourning" refers to an early death or absence. Young soldiers of Chu died in the wild to defend their motherland, so they called it "national mourning".
Second, read aloud.
1. The teacher read the whole poem and used house of flying daggers as the soundtrack. Teachers should be full of passion when demonstrating reading, so that students will be infected. )
2. Read by yourself, and ask to mark the pronunciation of the new words in the text and read them correctly. Please read them separately and see who has the least pronunciation mistakes. Read together and ask to turn down the volume and read aloud.
Third, on the basis of familiar reading, understand the content of this poem.
1. In this process, teachers can guide students to learn the previous 10 sentences by themselves.
Requirements: After reading the notes carefully, mark the key words in the blank space of the book and try to say one sentence for yourself.
Teachers can focus on the places that students find difficult to understand, such as "the car is at the wrong hub, fighting hand to hand" (car: chariot, soldier: weapon), and encourage students to ask more questions.
After the students have a preliminary understanding of this part, let the students try to summarize the main contents of this part by themselves. Let the students think for themselves and gradually exercise their generalization ability. )
On the basis of students' summary, the teacher tells this part of the content in passionate language, so that students can have a more complete, comprehensive and vivid impression of the first poem 10. Please refer to the teaching reference. ) When learning these two sentences, you can combine them with a passage from the text "Deng Jiaxian" that you have already learned: "How magnificent! The flat sand is vast, but no one can be seen. The river is tangled and the mountains are in dispute. It's gloomy and the wind is sad. The grass withered and it was freezing in the morning. Birds can't fly, animals will die. The pavilion director told Yu:' This ancient battlefield is also! Always answer the three armies. Often ghosts cry, but the sky is overcast and stinks!' "Let students learn from poetry and develop rich associations. Through the description of the wonderful environment of "hanging the ancient battlefield", students can better understand the rich connotation of poems that appeal to both refined and popular tastes.
2. Continue to learn the sentence 1 1 ~ 18 of this poem. The method can be the same as learning the first part. (Teach yourself, talk to yourself, and summarize the main contents of the last 8 sentences. )
After understanding the contents of these poems, the teacher can ask some deep questions for students to think about, such as: ① "If you can't get out, you won't retreat, and the plain suddenly runs too far". What is the internal connection between these two sentences? "Where does the road go too far? What kind of psychology can you see from these two sentences?
2 "The body is a spirit of death, and the soul is a ghost." What can these two poems sum up with the words we often say now to remember heroes? ("Although you left us, your spirit is immortal!" Many of our classmates may recite two lines from a poem by Li Qingzhao: "Life is a hero, and death is a hero." The word "ghost hero" comes from Qu Yuan's poem. Let's read a poem quoted in Deng Jiaxian in combination with this poem.
China men and China men should hold up the sky with their hands.
The Yangtze River, the Great River and the East Asia, Hubei and Kunlun Mountains.
How many chivalries in ancient and modern times
It took great efforts to break the face of the first head, and his blood was still red.
Thousands of years have passed since the era of Qu Yuan, and great changes have taken place in the history of thousands of years. However, this patriotic spirit in Qu Yuan's poems has been illuminating the reality and has become the spiritual pillar of the Chinese nation.
3. "Mourning for the Country" is a mourning poem from the title. Learn complete poetry and students think. Does this poem give people a sad feeling? (Inspire students to answer) With perceptual knowledge, let the students sum up the theme of this poem by themselves. Teachers can give the following words: not only … more importantly … inspirational, sharing weal and woe, rejuvenating China and so on.
Fourth, understand the expression of combining narrative and praise in National Mourning.
I wonder if the students have noticed that the expression in the first part and the second part of this poem is different. Explain the combination of narration and praise.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) is read aloud.
Play the recording of house of flying daggers, and let the students read the poem aloud with emotion accompanied by the recording.
National mourning religious case 2
The study of ancient poetry is different from vernacular Chinese and modern poetry. Because it was a long time ago, there are many new words, ancient and modern synonyms, interchangeable words and so on. These are difficult to learn. Teachers should run through the red line of reading teaching in teaching, interspersed with different learning methods, and guide students to learn ancient poems well. Here are some teaching methods for your reference.
First of all, introduce the background knowledge-stimulating interest method.
This paper introduces the evolution of poetry, the role of ancient poetry in China's 5,000-year cultural history, and then leads to the author of Mourning for the Nation and the background of poetry. Introduce the position of Chu Ci in the history of China literature; This paper introduces the life story, experience and important works of Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet, as well as the specific background and historical facts of Mourning the Country.
Second, the preliminary reading-difficult breakthrough method
The most important way to learn ancient poetry is reading. The premise of reading aloud is to clear the obstacles of new words. Teachers should help students find new words, ancient and modern synonyms, loanwords and ancient Chinese auxiliary verbs. In this way, students mainly look up the dictionary and the teacher makes the necessary explanations. After such repeated reference and preliminary reading, they should break through difficult words and strive to read every new word accurately, every sentence coherently and the full text clearly, so as to lay a good foundation for understanding the whole poem. When reading poems, teachers should point out the general rules and special rhythms of students reading seven-character poems, so that students can read the rhythm and rhythm.
Third, understanding the content of poetry-the overall grasp method
The biggest feature of overall grasp is to attach importance to the integrity of Chinese teaching, give students knowledge from the overall outline, and never let students feel fragmented. In order to achieve this goal, after being familiar with the text, teachers can use teaching methods such as clause explanation, key questions, poetry evidence and table prompts to help students understand and grasp the main content of poetry as a whole according to the actual situation of students' uneven knowledge level.
1. Interpretation of clauses: Interpret each poem according to its literal meaning and implied deep meaning, so as to achieve the exemplary role and give consideration to students of different levels.
2. Key questions: design some questions that can "make a little breakthrough and drive the full text" so that students with good Chinese knowledge can answer them. For example, why does "National Mourning" describe the whole process of fighting, and what is the main role of the last two sentences in the whole poem?
3. Poetry * * * certificate: find works with the same materials but different genres and styles to compare and confirm, set off each other and complement each other. For example, when talking about the national mourning, you can take the prose "Who is the cutest person" that you learned in junior high school, write a poem about the national mourning, copy out the fragments of "The Battle of Song Gufeng" in "Who", and confirm and set off the heroic warrior described by Qu Yuan and the cutest person who fought in Song Gufeng in "National Mourning", from poem to text, from text to text.
4. Form prompt; List the contents related to poetry with concise tables, such as theme, artistic features, frame structure, reading essentials, etc. , and list them separately, so that students can see at a glance and have a macro understanding and overall grasp of the whole poem.
Fourth, improve the ability of appreciation-the transformation method of ancient poetry
This is mainly aimed at the teaching methods of students with high Chinese level, with emphasis on the detailed analysis of the artistic features and expressive techniques of Mourning for the Dead, and the practice of changing ancient poetry into modern prose according to the artistic conception, content and details of the poem, paying attention to the combination of lyricism, praise and narration and the flexible use of various rhetorical techniques, so as to improve students' artistic appreciation and writing ability.
"National mourning" lesson plan 3
National martyr
Teaching objectives:
1, through the appreciation of the works, feel the heroic war scene and experience the patriotic spirit of the soldiers who are dying;
2. Learn the simple language of this article;
3. Understand the general characteristics of Chu Ci.
Key points and difficulties:
Focus: the heroic scene of the first battle in the poem
Difficulties: Qu Yuan spoke highly of soldiers and rose to the height of patriotism.
Teaching process:
First of all, the author introduces:
Chu people were outstanding politicians and patriotic poets at the end of the Warring States period. The name is flat and the word is original. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants. Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei) people.
Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life: Chu Weiwang, Chu Huaiwang and King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, and his main activities were in the period of Chu Huaiwang. This period is the eve of China's imminent reunification. "Qin Huang is horizontal, Chu Wang is vertical." Qu was born in a famous family, good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, and was highly valued in his early years. He was a doctor of Zuotu. In order to realize the great cause of Chu's reunification, Qu Yuan actively assisted in the reform to strengthen the country, and insisted on uniting Qi with foreign countries to resist Qin, which once made Chu rich and strong. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by a clique and alienated by Chu Huaiwang.
In the fifteenth year of Wang Huai (the first 304 years), from Qin to Chu, Zhang Yi bribed Shanxi merchants, Zilan, Zheng Xiu and others as spies with huge sums of money, and at the same time deceived Wang Huai with "offering merchants for 600 miles", which led to the breaking of diplomatic relations between Qi and Chu. After being deceived, he became angry from embarrassment and sent troops to Qin twice, both of which were defeated. Therefore, Qu Yuan was ordered to send an envoy to Qi State to rebuild the friendship between Qi and Chu. Once again, Zhang Yi failed to disintegrate the Qi-Chu alliance from Qin to Chu. In twenty-four years, Qin Chu formed an alliance with Huang Ci, and Chu was completely embraced by the State of Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from the capital and moved to the Northern Han Dynasty.
Thirty years after Wang Huai, Qu Yuan returned to Du Ying. In the same year, Qin made an appointment with the military attache, was detained by Qin, and finally died in Qin. After Wang Xiang ascended the throne, he continued to implement the policy of surrender. Qu Yuan was once again expelled from Ying Capital and exiled to the south of the Yangtze River, and was displaced between Yuan and Xiang. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty (278 BC), General Qin attacked Yingdu in vain, and Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River in anger and died for his political ideal.
Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs (1 1), Nine Chapters (9) and Evocation, with a total of 23 articles. In addition, whether Buju and Fisherman were written by Qu Yuan is still controversial in academic circles. Among them, Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient China literature. Tian Wen is a rare and peculiar poem in ancient and modern times. It asked 172 questions to heaven continuously, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, which showed the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and scientific spirit of pursuing truth. "Nine Songs" is a set of music songs based on folk songs to worship the gods. There are a lot of gods in the poem, most of which are love songs between people and gods.
Qu Yuan's works record his persistence in the ideal of "beautiful politics" and his struggle against the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu. His ideal of "beautiful politics" is reflected in his works, that is, "cultivating talents and empowering them, but doing things without being equal" (Li Sao). The so-called "promoting talents and empowering" means selecting truly talented people to govern the country, opposing secular affairs, and limiting the monopoly of old nobles on power, regardless of rank. He also took the historical stories of Fu Shuo, the slave, Lv Wang, the butcher and Ning Qi, the vendor, as examples to illustrate the rationality of selecting talents regardless of their status. The so-called "following the rope without being rude" means practicing the law, that is, the law is not expensive and limiting the privileges of the old nobles. Qu Yuan's ideal of "beautiful politics" reflects his sharp opposition to the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu, and expresses his progressive demand of getting rid of bad politics. Its ultimate goal is to save the motherland from peril and make Chu embark on the road of prosperity. Related to this, Qu Yuan's works also profoundly exposed the darkness of Chu politics, the decay of Chu aristocratic groups and the fatuity of Chu kings, and showed his fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "beautiful politics", insisting on moral integrity and "not regretting his death"; At the same time, it shows his determination to care about the country and the people, love the country and the people, and devote himself to the motherland. Although Qu Yuan was exiled or even exiled, he always thought about the rise and fall of the motherland and the sufferings of the people, hoping that the king of Chu would repent and work hard to become the master of ZTE. He knew that being loyal to honesty and frankness would lead to disaster, but he always "endured but could not give up"; Knowing that he faced many dangers, he could have gone to other countries to find a way out in the era of "using Chu materials", but he refused to leave Chu. It shows his infinite loyalty to the motherland and his personality and will to win glory with the sun and the moon.
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. He is an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit of loving the motherland and the people, persisting in the truth, preferring to die rather than surrender, and his lofty personality of "winning glory with the sun and the moon" have inspired and nurtured countless Chinese sons and daughters for thousands of years, especially when the nation was in danger. As a great poet, the appearance of Qu Yuan not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also his new poetic style-Chu Ci, which broke through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation. Therefore, later generations called Chu Ci and The Book of Songs together as The Book of Songs. "Feng" and "Sao" are the sources of the two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry. At the same time, Chu Ci, represented by Qu Yuan, also influenced the formation of Han Fu.
In the history of China, Qu Yuan was the most admired and loved poet by the people. According to the records of "Continuation of Qi and Harmony" and "Geography of Sui Shu", Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The custom of making zongzi and racing dragon boats on May 5th in China originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the "four cultural celebrities" in the world, which was solemnly commemorated by the World Peace Council and people all over the world.
Qu Yuan's life information is only credible in Historical Records. There seems to be confusion in this biography, and some places are not easy to read. Now, combining the self-narration in Qu Yuan's works and the popular viewpoints among researchers, let's outline his life.
Qu Yuan (about 340 BC-about 277 BC), whose real name was Ping, was an aristocrat with the same surname as Chu. Ancestors were sealed in flexion, so they took flexion as their surname. Qu Yuan was deeply trusted by Chu Huaiwang when he was young, and he was a leftist official. "When he entered, he discussed state affairs with the king to issue orders; Going out to meet guests and dealing with princes "(the original biographies of historical records) is the core figure of Chu's internal affairs and diplomacy. According to calculations, he was only in his twenties and teens. Later, a doctor from Shangguan visited Wang Huai and said that Qu Yuan attributed all the laws he made for Wang Huai to himself, so Wang Huai was "angry and frustrated with Qu Ping" (ibid.). After being dismissed as a left disciple, Qu Yuan was transferred to be a doctor, in charge of the affairs of the three surnames of Zhao, Qu and Jing in the royal family, and was responsible for offering sacrifices to ancestral temples and educating aristocratic children.
Since then, there have been a series of problems in Chu's internal affairs and diplomacy. First of all, the Qin Dynasty sent Zhang Yi into Chu, bribing courtiers, Shanxi merchants and Wang Huai's concubine, Zheng Xiu, and sabotaging the Chu-Qi alliance by deception. When Chu Huaiwang found himself cheated, he sent troops to attack the State of Qin. However, the battles between Danyang and Lantian failed one after another and lost the land of Hanzhong. At this time, Qu Yuan was ordered by Qi to repair the old alliance, but it seemed that there was no result. Since then, due to Wang Huai's improper diplomatic measures, Chu was besieged on all sides by Qin, Qi, Han and Wei, and was in trouble. Around twenty-five years ago in Wang Huai, Qu Yuan was exiled to Hanbei, which was his first exile.
In the thirty years of Wang Huai, Qin people tricked Wang Huai into going to Wuguan. Qu Yuan tried to dissuade him, but Zilan, the youngest son of Wang Huai, urged Wang Huai to enter Qin. As a result, Wang Huai was detained and died in the State of Qin three years later. After King Huai was detained, Xiang Wang succeeded to the throne and Zilan was appointed as Lingyin (equivalent to the Prime Minister), and the diplomatic relations between Chu and Qin were once cut off. However, in the seventh year of his succession, Xiang Wang married Qin in order to live in peace for a while. Qu Yuan opposed their shameful position and accused Zilan of being responsible for Wang Huai's humiliating death. Zilan also instructed Shangguan doctor to vilify Qu Yuan in front of Xiang Wang, which led to Qu Yuan being exiled to Yuan and Xiang again about thirteen years before and after Xiang Wang.
When Qu Yuan was exiled for many years, the situation in Chu became more and more critical. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, the Qin generals broke through Chu (now Jiangling, Hubei Province) without results, which indicated the future crisis of Chu. The next year, Qin Jun went further. Qu Yuan saw that his once powerful country was hopeless, and had seriously considered leaving other countries, but in the end he could not leave his hometown and sank into the Miluo River with indignation. The date of his suicide may be on or around May 5th. May 5th used to be a traditional festival of Chu State, and later people took it as a day to commemorate Qu Yuan, but its original intention was little known.
See Wen Yiduo's Dragon Boat Festival Examination. Wei Shou's poem "Five Days" in the Northern Dynasties said: "I miss Cangwu County and worship Dong Jun today." It seems that until the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the custom of offering sacrifices to Dong Jun during the Dragon Boat Festival was still preserved in the south.
There are many reasons for the conflict between Qu Yuan and the supreme ruling clique of Chu State. In foreign policy, Qu Yuan advocated confrontation with Qiang Qin, which was far-sighted. However, Wang Huai was deceived by greed and profit, and Wang Xiang dared not compromise. They couldn't accept Qu Yuan's correct opinion, but they punished him for sticking to his own opinion. In internal affairs, Qu Yuan advocated "revising the law", "invigorating talents and empowering the people" and implementing "American politics" to make the country rich and strong. He admired the sages in Confucian legends and held some idealistic attitudes towards politics. At the same time, he despises those greedy nobles and advocates reforming internal affairs, which will certainly turn many people against him. Besides, Qu Yuan's personality is also an important reason for his tragedy. From Qu Yuan's works, it is obvious that he is a passionate, honest and very confident person. This personality, coupled with his success as a teenager, makes him lack the ability to skillfully deal with high-level power circles, so it is difficult to stay in this circle for a long time. When Qu Yuan was reused, Shangguan easily alienated Wang Huai, which can't be said to be entirely due to Wang Huai's fatuity (otherwise, it can't explain how Wang Huai reused him). It should be said that Qu Yuan's character and his idealistic attitude in politics were originally difficult to coordinate with the actual political environment, not to mention that Chu was in a state of decline and chaos at that time. Historically, the contradiction between the poet's temperament and the environment has constantly caused tragedies in life, and at the same time, it has also created excellent literature.
Among Qu Yuan's works, Li Sao, Tian Wen, Evocation, Mourning and Huai Sha are mentioned in Historical Records. There are 25 Quyuan Fu in Hanshu, none of which are named. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Yi also wrote twenty-five Chapters and Sentences of Songs of the South, including Li Sao, Nine Songs (eleven in total), Tian Wen, Nine Chapters (nine in total), Yuan You, Buju and Fisherman, and Evocation was listed in Song Yu (Hanshu). It can be seen that the ownership and authenticity of some of these 25 works were controversial in the Han Dynasty. Generally speaking, modern researchers believe that Evocation should still follow the Historical Records and be regarded as Qu Yuan's work. Traveling far away, Buju and the fisherman are more likely to disguise themselves.
Second, dredge the text.
Fuck Angkor, put on rhinoceros armour,
If the car has the wrong hub, it will be short of hands
If the sky covers the sun and the enemy is like a cloud,
The arrow is on the string and the soil is rushing.
Holding a eldest brother in his hand, wearing armor,
The chariot wheels are staggered and hand-to-hand combat.
The flag covered the sun and the enemy soldiers were like clouds.
The arrows and rain fell alternately and the soldiers rushed forward.
Yu Ling array Xi in a line,
The right blade of the left leg was injured.
Two rounds of haze, four horses,
Help the jade fork to beat the drum.
I get angry when the weather is bad.
Kill them all and abandon vilen.
The enemy invaded our position and trampled on our formation.
The left horse died and the right horse was injured again.
The chariot was trapped in two rounds and the horse was tied.
The soldiers raised their drumsticks, and the drums were deafening.
God hates it, too The gods are angry.
The soldiers were all killed and the bodies were abandoned in the wasteland.
I can't get out and I can't go back,
The plain suddenly flows, and the road is too far.
With a sword and a A Qin bow,
I won't be punished for leaving my mind and heart.
Honesty is courage and bravery,
Finally, I am strong and unstoppable.
I am dead, I am still alive,
A child's soul is a ghost.
Heroes come here, no longer expecting to return,
Yuan Yekong, the journey is too long.
Wearing a long sword and holding a A Qin bow,
The head has been separated, and loyalty will never change.
Soldiers are brave and the force is fierce.
Strong and consistent, morale is inviolable.
Although the soldiers are dead, their spirit will live on forever.
Your soul is there. You are called a hero among ghosts and gods.
Third, appreciate
The same group: patriotic ode, the unique tone of immortal sacrifice-reading Nine Songs? national mourning
Han Chuantong, Department of Law, CCTV University
In the long history of 5,000 years in China, countless patriots have emerged, and Qu Yuan is one of the earliest and most famous representatives. In the long river of China literature with shining stars, there are countless glorious poems praising patriotism and sacrifice spirit, among which "National Mourning" is the earliest and most famous one.
National Mourning is one of Qu Yuan's important works, Nine Songs. Nine Songs is a group of eleven sacrificial songs, and the objects of sacrifice are gods, such as Emperor Taiyi (the most noble god in the sky), Jun in the cloud (the cloud god) and Dong Jun (the sun god). Only land, such as Lady Xiang (the water god of Xiang), Hebo (the river god) and Shan Gui (the mountain god). Only the article "The Choice of the Country" sacrificed neither God nor earth, but people and ghosts. Dai Zhen's Notes on Qu Yuan: "The second meaning of' mourning': men and women who die before they are crowned (20 years old) (15 years old) are called' mourning'; Running away from home and dying is called' returning'. The word "destruction" hurts. National mourning', a state of death; That's different from the two. "The so-called' national mourning' refers to the soldiers who died for their country. The soldiers who will die for their country just pay homage to the gods and the earth equally, which shows how much the author respects these patriotic heroes who have sacrificed. When reading the whole poem, we can feel the boiling blood in the poet's chest.
The whole poem can be divided into two paragraphs. The first paragraph, from the beginning to "Kill all the soldiers and abandon vilen", is a narrative of the fierce battle between the soldiers and the enemy and their heroic sacrifice.
The first sentence is "Fuck Angkor with rhinoceros". Angkor Wat was built by the State of Wu. Wu was famous for making sharp weapons in ancient times. The famous swordsmen and shovelers are from Wu. Rhinoceros armour is armor made of rhinoceros skin. "Zhou Li? Winter official exam? " "Faithful Records" records: "Rhinoceros is 100 years old." (Photocopy of Notes to Thirteen Classics by Zhonghua Book Company) But the author uses the words "Angkor" and "rhinoceros" here, not to illustrate the excellent equipment of the Chu army, but to depict the majestic posture of the Chu soldiers. The description of the heroic posture of the soldiers laid the foundation for the following description of their heroic sacrifice: this is a group of heroic soldiers going to the battlefield to fight the enemy to the death. Therefore, the description of Chu Bing's majestic posture in the first sentence is very important to the formation of the tragic atmosphere in the whole poem.