As far as genre is concerned, this is a five-character poem.
original text
Wang yue
Du fu in Tang dynasty
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. ..
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly around in front of my nervous eyes ..
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
(1) What's Mount Tai like? Qilu can see green mountains and peaks.
2. Nature concentrates the magic and beauty on Mount Tai, and the north and south slopes are dark and bright, which are completely different.
3. The rise of stratus clouds in the mountains is exciting. Keep your eyes open and stare at the returning birds in the nest.
You have to climb to the top of Mount Tai to see its dwarfness.
(2)
1. How about Mount Tai, the head of the Five Mountains? The cyan of Mount Tai can be seen in the vast area of Qilu.
2. The magical beauty between heaven and earth is condensed around this mountain. The north side of the mountain is dark and the south side is bright, just like dusk and Chen Chong.
3. Look at the mountains and peaks of Dieyun, with waves in your chest, and open your eyes to see the birds returning to the mountains.
Ah, the peak I must climb in the future, standing high and looking down. Ah, the foot of the mountain is so small.
(3)
1. What is the face of Mount Tai? The endless cyan can also be seen in Qilu.
2. Nature gathers the heroic spirit here. At the same time, the mountains in the south and the mountains in the north are like morning and night.
The endless clouds make people's hearts flutter, and I try to keep my eyes open to see the birds who want to go home.
You should climb the highest peak of Mount Tai. Looking down from above, all the mountains will look short.
(4)
1. What's Mount Tai like? The green mountains on Qilu land are endless.
2. Nature gathers into magical and beautiful scenery, and the north and south sides of the mountain are completely different, one bright and one dark.
3. When the clouds are stacked, I can't help shivering, and my eyes are almost cracked when I look at the returning birds.
I will eventually climb to the top of Mount Tai. The mountains around me will look short.
[Edit this paragraph] Note
Yue: This refers to Mount Tai, the first of the five mountains, and the other four mountains are Xiyue: Huashan; Beiyue: Hengshan; Nanyue: Hengshan; Zhongyue: Songshan Mountain.
Daizong: Mount Tai, also known as Daishan, is located in the north of Tai 'an City, Shandong Province. In ancient times, Mount Tai was the head of the five mountains, and the mountains lived here, so it was also called "Daizong". Emperors of past dynasties held meditation ceremonies, all of which were in this mountain.
Qilu: Ancient Qilu was bounded by Mount Tai, with Qi in the north and Lu in the south. That is Shandong.
Green: Mountain color. Unfinished: endless. Unfinished: it means gloomy mountains, boundless, and it's hard to say anything.
Nature: nature. Zhong: Assemble. Shen Xiu: It refers to the beauty of the mountain.
Yin and Yang: Yin refers to the north of the mountain (water south) and Yang refers to the south of the mountain (water north). Cut: points. Mount Tai is very high, and at the same time, the south of the mountain is different from the north sooner or later.
Swing your chest: Swing your heart.
Decisiveness: Decisiveness: division. Corner of eye Decision: Try to open your eyes.
The returning bird; Follow the returning birds. Enter: When you are seen, you see it.
It will be: absolutely.
Ling: The board of directors.
Small: small.
[Edit this paragraph] Author introduction
Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770), a beautiful Han nationality, was originally from Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province) and later moved to Gongxian County (now Gongxian County, Henan Province). Along with Du Gongbu and Du Fu, it is called Shaoling Night Old. He is a great realistic poet, poet saint and world cultural celebrity in Tang Dynasty, and he is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. Li Shangyin and Du Mu are also called "Little Du Li". Du Fu was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Zhengzhou). His ancestors were Du Yu, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was originally Zuo Shiyi and Yuan Wailang, and later he was called Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, and were known as "the history of poetry". Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and was honored as a "poet saint" by later generations. Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down through the ages, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, with the most ordinary people as the protagonist, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190.
Three Officials and Three Farewells are the representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies. In these descriptions of the hardships of life, on the one hand, the poet has deep sympathy for the people who have suffered greatly, and hates the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people.
[Edit this paragraph] Appreciate
There is not a word "Wang" in the whole poem, and every sentence is about seeing Yue. Distance is from far to near, time is from morning to dusk, from looking forward to sunset, from looking forward to the future.
The first sentence is "the grandeur of Mount Tai! ? When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe it. Very vivid. Dai is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as Daizong. "How is the husband", that is, what is it? In ancient Chinese, the word "fu" was usually used as a function word at the beginning of a sentence. It is a novelty to integrate it into poetry here. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "vivid portrayal is being blocked."
"Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu" is the answer after some pondering, which is really amazing. It is neither abstractly saying that Mount Tai is high, nor using the general language of "stabbing the sky" like Xie Lingyun's "Ode to Mount Tai", but it has written its own experience in an ingenious way-beyond the border between the two countries in ancient Qilu, Mount Tai can still be seen from a distance, and the height of Mount Tai is set off by distance. Mount Tai is the land in the south and the Qi in the north, so this sentence describes the geographical characteristics and cannot be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong's poem "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" said: "Qilu is not yet a teenager. Who will inherit Ling Du in the poem? " He put forward this poem in particular, and it makes sense that no one can succeed.
The phrase "the creator has given all mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It describes the magical beauty and lofty image of Mount Tai seen from a close look, which is the footnote of the last sentence "unfinished youth". The word "zhong" makes nature affectionate, and poets may also love Mount Tai. Xiangyang in front of the mountain is "Yang" and Xiangyang behind the mountain is "Yin". Because the mountain is high, it is judged to cut on the yin and yang sides of the mountain at twilight, so it is called "cutting twilight". "Qie" is a very common word, but it is really a "strange adventure" to use it here. It can be seen that the poet Du Fu's writing style of "language is not surprising and never stops" was developed in his youth. "Ceng Yun, birds are flying back and forth in front of my nervous eyes." Two sentences were written. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart is also rippling; Because after watching it for a long time, I feel like my eyes are going to break. "Returning bird" is a bird that returns to its nest in the forest, which also reflects the far-reaching and majestic Mount Tai from the side. It is dusk, and the poet is still in sight. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's love for the motherland.
"Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." These last two sentences are about the desire to climb Yue arising from looking at Yue. "Hui" is a spoken language in the Tang Dynasty, which means "must". For example, Wang Bo's "Ode to Spring": "I am a scavenger in one fell swoop, covering Zhu Xuan for a spring." Sometimes the word "Hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "North Dream": "I will kill this vertical shaft one day!" In other words, there are often single users in Du Fu's poems, such as "Old Shu in this life, Qin after death!" It is inaccurate and arrogant to interpret "will" as "should". From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the ambition and spirit of the poet Du Fu who is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb to the top and overlooks everything. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all those who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been told by people for thousands of years and can still arouse our strong * * *. In Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long thought that Du Fu's poems "put righteousness first" and said that "Du Fu's soul is beautiful and impressive. Take it as a volume and make it a town. " (Reading Jie) also emphasized the symbolic significance of these two poems. This is exactly the same as Du Fu's "comparing himself with Qi State" in politics and "short-sighted resentment against Cao Liu Wall" in creation. This poem was praised as a "swan song" by later generations, carved stone as a monument and stood at the foot of the mountain. Undoubtedly, it will be immortal with Mount Tai. Also wrote the poet's lofty aspirations and ambitions.
This poem describes the scenery overlooking Mount Tai. The first four sentences write that it spans the land of Gucci and Shandong, and the mountains and rivers in the two places are different, which shows its vastness. The fifth and sixth sentences, write the subjective feelings when looking out: clouds sway the chest and stir the integrity; Going back to Bird's Eye, I feel my eyes are wide open. The last two sentences show that he has no hope and wants to climb high and look far. This conclusion shows the grandeur of Mount Tai from the opposite side, and also shows the author's lofty aspirations. That is, Mencius said that Confucius meant "climb Mount Tai and be small in the world". This poem is the author's early work. At that time, he failed in the Jinshi exam and wandered around Shandong, still full of ambitions.
[Edit this paragraph] Sentence solution
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
What's Mount Tai like? Walking on the land of Qilu, I saw a lush green. "Dai", another name of Mount Tai, is said to be the first of the five mountains, and all the mountains belong to it, so it is called Dai Zong. Qilu, originally two country names in the Spring and Autumn Period, is located in today's Shandong Province. Qi is in the north of Mount Tai, and Lu is in the south of Mount Tai. Later, "Qilu" was used as the name of this area. Because it is a vision, the poet can't see too many details, only a piece of green, and can't see the edge, so he says "unfinished". It vividly shows the endless image of Mount Tai, and at the same time it has endless implications.
The first two sentences are mentioned in the form of questions, which not only contains the long-simmering vision, but also writes the majestic posture of Mount Tai rising from Qilu, which can be described as majestic. Shen Deqian's Collection of Tang Poems in Qing Dynasty commented that these last five words were "all in Mount Tai", while Shi Buhua's poem On Servants said that these five words "cover thousands of miles, which can be described as majestic and broad".
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Nature seems to have a soft spot for Mount Tai, focusing its magic and beauty on it. High peaks divide the north and south of Mount Tai into a bright side and a dark side, just like dusk on one side and Chen Chong on the other. Zhong wrote about the magical beauty of Mount Tai; "Breaking the Dawn" describes the grandeur and broadness of Mount Tai. The word "zhong" infects the feelings of nature and expresses the poet's love and praise for Mount Tai. The word "cut" is novel and powerful, as if "faint" and "dawn" were cut off by Mount Tai, writing the majestic momentum of Mount Tai. This combination of reality and reality makes the still mountain full of vitality. "Bell", which means gathering or concentration, describes Mount Tai as a "magic show" that all mountains should have. "Yin and Yang", the sun is cloudy in the north and sunny in the south. The word "cut" is used here, which appropriately describes the adventures of Mount Tai and vividly sets off the towering peaks that cover the sky. Detailed Notes on Du Fu's Poems in the autumn of Qing Dynasty said, "What about Dai Zong? What he thinks in his mind is from Qi to Lu, and his youth is not finished. His lofty words have risen from the ground, and his beauty is particularly bell-shaped. He was shocked by this sentence, and his second language is strange. " These two poems have embodied Du Fu's meticulous use of words, and the words are not surprisingly endless.
Layers of white clouds, cleaning the gully on the chest; The flat bird flew into the eye socket.
Looking closely at Mount Tai, the clouds in the mountain sprout and cascade, which makes people feel ups and downs. The poet opened his eyes wide, tried his best to stretch his eyesight and watched the homing birds fly into the mountains. Liu Xie said, "Climbing a mountain is affectionate, and watching the sea is affectionate". The poet witnessed the magnificence of Mount Tai and was deeply moved. The former sentence shows the poet's mind, and the latter sentence shows the breadth of vision. "The corner of my eye", a cracked corner of my eye, describes my distant vision. On yue writers' strong desire to climb yue. The poet did this because the mountain is high and the bird is small, and he can see far. Or is the poet's heart flying with the birds? In the description of the scenery, these two sentences have the poet's endless meaning and longing.
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
From mountain watching to climbing. From admiring his name for a long time, to looking far and near, and then to climbing mountains, although there is no word "looking" in the whole poem, it is obvious that the poet not only looks with his eyes, but also looks with his heart. He imagined that one day, he would surely climb the top of Mount Tai and look around. The mountain under his feet is so small! Mencius said with all his heart that "Confucius climbed the East Mountain and was small, and climbed Mount Tai and was smaller than the world", and Du Fu was probably in such a state of mind at this time. The conclusion not only makes the whole poem full of meaning, but also can be regarded as Du Fu's self-expectation, which shows the ambition and spirit of a young poet.
[Edit this paragraph] Comments
This is a five-character ancient poem, which looks like five rhymes. Although the whole poem is composed of five words, eight sentences and forty words, with two antithetical sentences in the middle, the flat lines in the sentences are not arranged in the prescribed order, and the sentences are not stuck together, so all previous poetry selections classified it as "five-character ancient poems". The structure of this poem is well analyzed in Volume I of Qiu's Detailed Notes on Du Fu's Poems in Qing Dynasty: "Poetry is freehand in four layers. The first couplet is far away, the second couplet is close, the third couplet is fine, and the last couplet is very hopeful. The first six are true and the second is false. "
Although this poem is about Mount Tai, it is also the author's idea of actively using the world by praising the majesty of Mount Tai, writing his own mind. Although there is no success at present, the author is confident that he will eventually achieve something and climb the peak. The style of the whole poem is vigorous, clean and bold, and it is worthy of being a poem of people with lofty ideals. Therefore, nine comments on poetry and wine volumes in Tang and Song Dynasties said, "Forty words are imposing, and I want to compete with Dai Yue." Mo Ruzhong's poem "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" in the Ming Dynasty lamented: "Qilu is not yet a teenager. Who will inherit Ling Du in the poem? "
[Edit this paragraph] Central idea
This poem describes the majestic atmosphere of Mount Tai, enthusiastically praises the majestic momentum and magical and beautiful scenery of Mount Tai, and reveals the love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland. The last sentence is straightforward, expressing the poet's ambition and spirit of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to climb to the top and overlooking everything, as well as his great ambition of being independent and helping the world.