How can we appreciate good poetry?

Topics can often reveal the time, place, object, event and theme of poetry writing, which is the starting point for us to interpret poetry. Starting with the topic, we can understand poetry quickly and accurately. For example, Yi Lee's "A brief but happy encounter with my brother-in-law" happened to meet each other just to say goodbye: "After ten years of torn and tired years, we meet again. We have all changed a lot. I didn't know my name for the first time. I was surprised when I first saw my name. I called my name and remembered that old face. Talking about the changes of the world after parting, I have been talking about the temple bells at dusk. Tomorrow you will go to Yueyang, leaving the autumn between us, one peak after another. " The title explains the event that the poet and his cousin meet after a long separation and say goodbye in a hurry, so that we can understand the emotional theme of the poem without reading it-reappearing the typical scene of life gathering and dispersing in chaos, expressing sincere affection, and reading it is touching. Second, pay attention to comments. In the examination questions of ancient poetry appreciation, there are often short notes, which seem to be only notes on the uncommon and obscure parts of poetry, but in fact, they are often the key to understanding poetry and even answering questions, and are subtle hints to the proposer, which must not be ignored. If you read the following Tang poem, complete the following two questions. Note ](l) Luqi, a famous piano player in ancient times. (2) running water, "Liezi". Tang Wen: "Boya is good at drumming, while Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya Guqin, Zhong Ziqi aimed at the high mountain and said, "OK, I am as tall as Mount Tai!" " Zhong Ziqi said, "The ocean is like a river! "Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said." 3 Frost Bell, Shan Hai Jing. "Zhongshan Jing": "Fengshan ... There are nine bells, which is the bell." Guo Pu's note: "You know what you say when the frost sounds first." (1) This poem is about listening to the piano, not focusing on playing skills and the sound of the piano, but focusing on description, which shows the mystery of music from the side. (2) There are two allusions in The Neck Couplet. The stories of Boya and Zhong Ziqi point out that they are also familiar with melody, and the legend of "Frost Bell" points out phenology and seasons. In addition, these two allusions have a deeper meaning, that is, the annotations in this topic play a very important role in our understanding of the ideological content of poetry. Another example is "Junshan: In Dongting Lake, Hunan" in the title Junshan (1997). Here, the helpful message is "Junshan is in the lake", otherwise we may not understand why there are "water waves" in the poems about Junshan. Starting with images, expanding imagination and association is the only way to understand poetry. Old vines and faint crows, small bridges and flowing water. The ancient road and the west wind are thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. "The whole article consists of eleven images, such as withered vines, old trees, faint crows, small bridges, flowing water, people, ancient roads, west winds, thin horses, sunset and heartbroken people. The isolated scenery constitutes an organic whole, showing a bleak mood, all of which are permeated with the sad mood of the prodigal son returning. It can be described as a blend of scenes and artistic conception. A night berth near Fengqiao: "Frosty night, Jiang Feng, fishing fire, worrying about sleep. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City rings bells for passenger ships at midnight. "The first two sentences and fourteen words used six images. From the night after the moon sets, crows crow bitterly, the frosty days are cold, the river winds are gloomy, and the fishing fires are scarce, I deeply feel the lonely atmosphere of the autumn night in the water town and the lonely mood of the guests. Pay attention to some traditional images in ordinary study, such as: swan goose-homesickness, messenger; Rhododendron-an unlucky beauty, a man who cares about the country and the people, laments and is sincere; Partridge-homesickness, sadness: Dongli-dusty mountains and rivers; Chrysanthemum-high quality; Willow-the feeling of parting and missing; Wait a minute. Appreciation of ancient poetry is highly subjective. When setting questions, proposers usually give some enlightenment in the stem of the questions. These tips either indicate the main points of the examination, or indicate the direction of doing the questions, or prompt the problem-solving center, which are all very important information for candidates. If you read the following Tang poems, complete the following topic: [Note] The word "garrison" in the first couplet, the noun, Fort Building. Lianyuan "Hanyang Ferry" is the Yangtze River Ferry (formerly Wuhan), which is thousands of miles northwest and has "Yingmen Mountain" on the south bank. A literary critic in Qing dynasty called the first couplet of this poem "the highest tone"; It means that when you start writing, you show an extraordinary style. Please refer to this evaluation and write your understanding and evaluation of the first couplet ("Old Fort Huang Yeying, you insist on giving up this place where you once lived"). For example, when I sent my friend to my home in the east, I saw a deserted castle with yellow leaves. This is a scene full of parting feelings. Unexpectedly, friends are ambitious, they are neither sad for autumn nor sad for parting, so the poet played a high-spirited theme with "You are determined to give up this place where you once lived". In late autumn, I began to write Farewell, but I was in high spirits and really had an extraordinary style. As the saying goes, "the tone is the highest. "For example, in the national examination questions in 2002, when the predecessors commented on this poem, it was suggested that the word' folding willow' was the key to the whole poem, which showed us the key to answering the question-the so-called' key' should be the place that can reflect the emotional theme of the whole poem, so we only need to analyze the relationship between the meaning of' folding willow' and the theme of the whole poem. On the outer edge of Danjiangkou, I won't go out to sea today, but I know the sadness of the two places. I'm still standing on the south side of the Yangtze River, looking at Jiangbei. The crows have returned to their nests to see the flowing water. At night, looking east on the upper floor of the river, the sea is connected with the sea as far as the eye can see; The feeling of mountains and rivers is wide and long. The city lights up around, and a galaxy sinks into the center of the water. The wind blows the rain on the old trees, and the moon shines on the sand and the frost on the summer night. Can you sell the heat on the upper floor of the river? Refresher than your cabin. [Note] This poem was written in the third year of Changqing, and the poet was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou the following year. Jianglou, also known as Wanghailou. Su Shi said that "Bai Gong's poems in his later years are wonderful" and "the wind blows the rain in the eyes of ancient trees, and the sand frost shines on the moon in summer nights", which is really rare. Do you think these two poems are wonderful? Why? (limited to 50 words) The chaos has not yet turned yellow, and it is crazy to lean on the east wind. I wonder if there is frost in heaven and earth. (1) This poem is entitled "Singing Willow", which is actually a metaphor. Please consider it carefully and analyze its meaning. (2) The fourth sentence "I don't know if there is frost in heaven and earth" can be changed to "I don't know if there is frost in autumn". Which do you think is better? Please briefly explain the reasons. Dongcheng gradually feels that the scenery is good, and the hub is wrinkled to welcome guests. Poplar smoke is lighter than Han Xiao, and the branches of red apricots are full of spring. Long hate less pleasure, willing to love your daughter and laugh? Drink for you to persuade the sunset, and leave a photo among the flowers all night. (1) "Red apricot branches make trouble in spring" is a well-known famous sentence, and the word "trouble" is particularly implicit. Why? (2) What rhetorical devices are there to express emotions at the scene, such as "drinking the gentleman to persuade the sunset, leaving a late photo in the flowers"? How to express the author's thoughts and feelings?