These two poems are from Lin Sheng's "Lin 'an House" in the Song Dynasty, and the original text is as follows:
When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?
Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent.
What do you mean? Translated into vernacular as follows:
Castle Peak surrounds the West Lake with no end in sight. When will the singing and dancing on the cruise ship on the lake stop?
The warm and fragrant smell makes people drunk, which makes Hangzhou a Bianzhou.
Some words, I think it is necessary to explain them separately:
Lin 'an: After the Jin people captured Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty fled to the south and made Lin 'an their capital.
Di (dǐ): Hotel.
West Lake: a famous scenic spot in Hangzhou.
When will it stop? When will it stop?
Smoke (xūn): Blow, used to warm the fragrant wind.
Straight: it's simply.
Bianzhou: Bianjing, now Kaifeng City, Henan Province.
What is the background of the author's writing this word?
In the first year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 126), the Jin people captured the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, fled to the south of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne in Lin 'an. Those in power only seek peace, singing and dancing, and being happy. This poem is written for this dark reality. The author wrote it on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. It is an ancient "poem on the wall" with the title "added by later generations".
Now that we know the creative background and the meaning of the whole word, let's enjoy it together:
This is a poem written on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an. The first sentence of this poem points out the characteristics of Lin 'an City, with green hills and terraced fields, and the second sentence points out the endless singing and dancing by the West Lake in a rhetorical tone. The last two sentences describe the indulgence of the rulers in sarcastic language, and through the comparison between "Hangzhou" and "Bianzhou", they reveal the decadent essence of "wanderer" without emotion, and also show the author's anger at the rulers' failure to recover lost land and his concern about the fate of the country. The whole poem is ingenious in conception, accurate in wording and cynical, and is written from a lively scene; Extremely indignant, but not abusive: it is indeed a masterpiece in allegorical poetry.
In the first sentence of the poem, "There are green mountains and towers outside the mountain", the poet grasped the characteristics of Lin 'an City-green mountains and towers are lined up. This first describes the great mountains and rivers of the motherland, rolling mountains and pavilions. What a beautiful nature it is. As far as poetry creation is concerned, the poet's description of the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers shows a sense of pleasure. Then he wrote, "When will the West Lake dance stop?" The poet was hurt by the reality of this country. Such beautiful mountains and rivers were occupied by Jin people. The word "Hugh" in the poem not only implies the poet's heartache about the real social situation, but more importantly, it shows the poet's indignation that he blindly "Hugh" to make peace with those in power, unwilling to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, and only seeking peace and indulgence. In the poet's mind, "West Lake Song and Dance" is just a lewd song and dance to kill the fighting spirit against gold. How much he hopes that this kind of singing and dancing can "rest" as soon as possible. Here, the poet uses rhetorical questions, which not only strengthens his anger at these politicians who are unwilling to recover lost ground, but also shows the sadness caused by the poet's concern about the fate of the country.
The last two sentences are "warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent". "Tourists" can't just be understood as ordinary tourists here. It mainly means that the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and enjoyed themselves. This sentence and "When will the West Lake Dance be closed?" . In the face of this constant singing and dancing, the poet can't help but show his feelings when he looks at these "tourists" intoxicated. The word "warm wind" is a pun. In poetry, it refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the lewd wind in society. In the poet's view, it is this "warm wind" that blows the minds of "tourists" so intoxicated that they forget that their country is in danger. Among them, the words "smoked" and "drunk" are used skillfully. First of all, the word "smoked" implies the huge lively scenes of those songs and dances, creating a decadent atmosphere for "tourists", and then the word "smoked" is added after the word "drunk", vividly depicting the mental state of those "tourists" who indulge in debauchery. The word "drunk" left a rich aesthetic imagination space-the ugliness of "tourists" in this beautiful "West Lake" environment.
In this state, the poet wrote at the end: "It is written in Bianzhou, Hangzhou, in order to further show that tourists are drunk." The capital of Song Dynasty was originally located in Bianliang, but it was occupied by gold. In other words, among the fans, these "tourists" simply regard Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Here, it is meaningful for the poet to use "Hangzhou" instead of "West Lake". Because "West Lake" is in Hangzhou, but when it comes to "West Lake", it is the best place to travel, and it is only a scenic spot in Hangzhou. The poet's use of "Hangzhou" is in good contrast with the song capital "Bianzhou" (Bianzhou has been occupied by Jin people). In contrast, it not only leads to the special name of Bianzhou, which is full of political significance, but also helps to express the poet's feelings-exposing the despicable behavior of "tourists" who ignore the future and destiny of the country, indulge in drunkenness and ignore the national economy and people's livelihood. At the same time, it also expresses the poet's deep concern about the fate of the country and the nation, and his anger at the rulers who only seek peace and surrender to the outside world.
Of course, there are many reasons for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, but the extravagance of the rulers must be one of them. There are many reasons for the partial peace in the Southern Song Dynasty, but one of them will be the man who had a good time in the ruling and opposition parties and lived a life of drunkenness and dreaminess. Lin Sheng's poem, seen in Travels of the West Lake, describes an open and universal social phenomenon at that time, and no one will be surprised. When I wrote it to him, it was shocking and hard to feel, so it was a satire of success.
Finally, here is a brief introduction to the author of this article:
Lin Sheng, also known as Yunyou and Meng Ping, was born in Lin 'ao, Sunhuli, Qinren Township, Hengyang, Wenzhou (now Lin 'ao, fan shi, Cangnan County). (Shui Xin Collection, Volume 12, Preface to Killing Father with Lin Shengqing in Pingyang). He lived in the Xiaozong Dynasty of the Southern Song Dynasty (1106-1170), and was a scholar who was good at poetry. See "Dong Ou Shi Cun", Volume 4. A poem is recorded in Travel Notes of West Lake.