First, reading perception
Paying attention to the beauty of music is a remarkable feature of poetry, and the beauty of music in poetry mainly refers to the rhythm and rhythm of poetry. And when we study poetry, how can we perceive the musical beauty of poetry? Mainly through reading aloud, reading aloud can not only directly perceive the rhythm and rhythm of poetry, but also help us understand the content of poetry. The so-called "reading a book a hundred times, its meaning is self-evident", which shows that reading is really important, so when learning poetry, you should read more, and it is best to read it or even recite it. In addition, when reading, you must read with emotion, read out the cadence and rhythm of poetry, that is, read out the characteristics of poetry, read out the musical beauty of poetry, and let others know that you are reading poetry, rather than thinking that you are reciting it.
Second, meet people and discuss the world.
Knowing people and discussing the world is an idiom, which comes from Mengzi Wanzhang. Mencius once said: "Praise his poems, read his books, and you don't know who he is." ? It is based on its world. "Is to recite his poems, study his works, don't know him, ok? Therefore, to discuss his era, only those who know him and discuss his world can correctly understand and grasp the content of literary works. Mr. Lu Xun also said: "We should study the literature of a certain era, and at least know the author's environment, experience and works. "Knowing people and discussing the world is used in the process of poetry learning, which means that learning poetry should pay attention to understanding the author's experience and writing background, which is very helpful for us to grasp the thought, emotion and art of poetry.
Third, imagination and association
In the process of learning poetry, we must pay attention to mobilizing our imagination and associative ability, because the language of poetry is a very concise and implicit language with rich vocabulary and endless meanings. Sometimes, its thoughts are incoherent from chapter to chapter, from section to section, from clause to sentence, showing the characteristics of jumping. For example, there are two very famous poems in a poem by a poet in the Tang Dynasty, "Walking in the Morning", that is, "The cock crows in Maodian, and the Banqiao is frost-free". There is not a rare word in these two poems. Literally, there are no obstacles. But if you only stare at these two poems, it is estimated that it is difficult for you to understand what the author is writing. At this time, it is necessary to mobilize the ability of imagination and association and connect the contents written by the author. The so-called "cock crow" means that the cock crows at dawn, and "Maodian Moon" means that there is still a waning moon over Maodian at this time, indicating that it is still early, but just as the cock crows at dawn and there is still a waning moon in the sky, the author has packed his bags and set off on his way. When the poet came to the bridge, he found that someone had left footprints on the Banqiao, which is the "Banqiao Frost" here. The author condensed a lot of contents into six nouns, which was very concise. When we understand, we need to mobilize the ability of imagination and association, and connect the things written by the author in order to accurately understand what the author wrote.
Four. Image and artistic conception
The content of poetry is often composed of a series of images, so images and artistic conception are a breakthrough for us to interpret poetry. First, let's look at the image. Image is an objective object with subjective emotion, and it is the unity of subjective emotion and objective object. The object exists objectively, and it is not transferred by people's will, nor will it change because of people's likes and dislikes. However, the image is an objective object full of the author's subjective feelings, that is to say, the image has feelings, but the feelings contained in the image are actually not the objective object itself, and these feelings are actually the author's subjective feelings. For example, in Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece Tianjingsha Qiu Si, the dead vines, old trees, faint crows, bridges, flowing water, people, ancient roads, westerly winds, thin horses and sunset in the west are all images, especially the dead vines, old trees, faint crows, ancient roads, westerly winds, thin horses and sunset in the west, which are very impressive. Why did the author see them? In fact, the last sentence tells us the answer, because he is a heartbroken person, so the author chooses images such as dead vines, old trees and faint crows to express his inner loneliness, helplessness and desolation. That is, in the poem, the author did not express his feelings directly, but poured his feelings into a series of images such as dead vines and old trees. When we grasp these images, the key is to grasp the author's subjective feelings through these images.
Talk about artistic conception again. Artistic conception is an artistic realm where subjective feelings and objective things blend with each other. The concept of artistic conception and the concept of image are very close, and there are both connections and differences between them. The connection is that both are subjective and objective. The difference is that image is a smaller unit of meaning, focusing on the subjective feelings in an image, while artistic conception is a larger unit of meaning, often a whole realm expressed by several poems or the whole poem (or a combination of multiple images). Take Qiu Si in Tianjin as an example. From the content point of view, this poem describes the picture seen by a heartbroken person. The desolate and decadent images such as withered vines, old trees and crows in the poem show the author's lonely, helpless and desolate state of mind. When these images are combined together, it obviously gives people a feeling of sadness, and sadness is the artistic conception of this poem.
In a word, the appreciation of ancient poetry is a difficult question in the Chinese exam in senior high school, which can be said to be a headache for students in previous exams in various schools. However, while asking students to pay attention to the accumulation of relevant knowledge and lay a good foundation, they should pay attention to some appreciation and problem-solving methods, which will still play a certain role in improving the scoring rate.