Brief introduction of Zheng Xie

Zheng Xie (1693-1765), born in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, was a scholar of Kangxi in the imperial examination. He was a juror in the tenth year of Yongzheng and a scholar in the first year of Qianlong. Officials in Fanxian County and Weixian County, Shandong Province, have a political voice [to ask for relief for the people who are hungry at the age of 2, to be a big official, and then to beg for illness. Before and after he became an official, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by painting and calligraphy. He is good at painting orchids, bamboos, stones, pines, chrysanthemums, etc., but he has painted orchids for more than 5 years and achieved the most outstanding results. Taking the method from Xu Wei, Shi Tao and the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, he developed his own method, with a slim figure and a strong style. Calligraphy, with Chinese eight points mixed into the cursive script, calls itself [six-and-a-half book]. And the calligraphy pen is integrated into painting. It is advocated to inherit the tradition [learn seven things and discard three things], [don't stick to the ancient method], and pay attention to the originality of art and the diversification of style. The so-called [before painting, don't set a grid, after painting, don't leave a grid] still has reference significance today. Poetry is sincere and interesting, and it is loved by the people. Can also cure India, [close to Wen He]. There are Complete Works of Zheng Banqiao, Printed Books of Mr. Banqiao, etc. Among the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou, Zheng Banqiao is the most praised painter. He has three unique skills of poetry, calligraphy and painting, among which there are three truths: true qi, true formula and true interest. His orchids and bamboos are well-known all over the world, and have won people's love and admiration. When Zheng Banqiao was a child, his family was poor, his mother was bereaved, and he was educated by his wet nurse, and he studied painting with his father. In his early years, he made a living by selling paintings in Yangzhou, and he often lived an embarrassing life of "paying off his salary when he was desolate, and peeling and pecking at the door to collect debts". After being funded by friends, I got the opportunity to study, and I became a scholar in Kangxi, a scholar in Yongzheng, and a scholar in Qianlong. At the age of 49, he became the magistrate of Fanxian County and Weixian County in Shandong Province (that is, the official of Qipin County), which lasted for 12 years. During his tenure, he flogged traitors and worked diligently for the people, and was honored as an official who was close to the people by the people. He showed great concern for the people. One year, Shandong suffered from a serious natural famine. Zheng Xie could not bear to see the sight of starvation, such as "selling a son on ten days and selling a woman on five days" (Escape from the famine) and "killing animals to eat their meat, and killing all animals will also kill people" (Homecoming). So he pleaded for the people, strived for relief, and opened a warehouse in Weixian County to donate money to help the victims, which won the hearts of the people. "My official Zhai is lying listening to Xiao Xiaozhu, and it is suspected that it is the sound of people's sufferings; Some small officials in Caozhou County always care about their feelings. " ("Painting Bamboo in Weixian Department in the New Year") This inscribed poem expresses Zheng Xie's sincere feelings of caring for the people. However, out of concern for the victims, he opened a warehouse for relief without authorization, which really violated the direct interests of corrupt officials and was falsely accused of dismissal. When he left his job, there were only three donkeys, one for himself, the other for carrying his books and Ruan Qin, and the other for his servants. It can be said that "two sleeves are clean" and "one official returns." Such decadence and darkness in officialdom prompted Zheng Xie to make up his mind to "tear up the top scholar's robe and get rid of his black hat" (Ten Poems of Daoqing). He angrily abandoned his official career and returned to Yangzhou to make a living by selling paintings. Zheng Xie loves the art of painting, writes with true feelings, and does not profit from painting because of poverty. His painting is never "responsive", not to mention "selling at a good price". He once said: "I paint blue flowers and bamboo to comfort the working people in the world, not for the people in the world to enjoy." Later, Zheng Xie's paintings and casual sentences have reached the point of perfection. The higher the achievement, the greater the prestige, and the more troubled the painter is. Simply, Zheng Banqiao wrote the calligraphy and painting in a painting as follows: "Six taels in a big way, four taels in a half way, two taels in a small way, and one or two couplets in a banner. Fans fight for five dollars, and it is better to give gifts and food than silver. What is given by the public may not be what my brother likes. Giving cash brings joy to your heart, and calligraphy and painting are all good. Gifts are entangled, and credit is especially bad. Old age and fatigue can't compensate the children for their useless words. " There is also a poem saying: "Painting bamboo is more than buying bamboo. Paper is six feet high and costs 3, yuan. Let us talk about the past and talk about it, just as the autumn wind is passing by." At that time, in Yangzhou, which was prosperous in economy, rich in material wealth and rich in humanities, it was a very wise move for Zheng Banqiao to put forward his own market price bluntly and frankly when everyone from all walks of life had demands. Zheng Banqiao's literary works mainly focus on the sufferings of the people, and his style is simple and plain, with humor and satire. Especially in his poems, he seldom uses allusions and often writes poems in descriptive ways. Critics call them "poems are close to Xiangshan and bloom". The surviving works include Zheng Banqiao Collection. Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy and painting seals are mostly made by Gao Xiyuan and Shen Fanmin, and there are countless seals, such as "Banqiao Taoist" and "Ten-year county magistrate". "seven officials", "turning blood into a furnace, casting ancient and modern" and "fearing others and suspecting me to be true" "I wish I could fill the universal hunger debt", "Old Banqiao 2 years ago", "Kangxi Scholar", "Yongzheng Juren" and "Qianlong Jinshi" are especially wonderful. Many of them are cutting-edge, cutting-edge, cutting-edge, cutting-edge, thought-provoking and interesting. Artistic Features Zheng Banqiao is good at painting orchids, bamboos and stones, especially at ink bamboo, learning from Xu Wei and Shi Tao, and is good at freehand brushwork in ink and wash. In terms of creative methods, it puts forward the three-stage theory of "bamboo in the eye", "bamboo in the chest" and "bamboo in the hand". Zheng Banqiao particularly emphasized the expression of "true temperament" and "true spirit". Bamboo in his works. It is often the embodiment of one's own thoughts and character. His ink bamboo is often stiff and straight, with an air of arrogance, integrity and "stubbornness." In terms of artistic techniques, Zheng Banqiao advocates "the intention comes first", combining dry ink with light ink, the brushwork is exhausted and straight, and the layout is sparse and dense, so that less wins more, which has the interest of "elegance and elegance". He also attached importance to the combination of poetry, calligraphy and painting, used poetry to point out topics, and interspersed calligraphy topics with images to form an inseparable unity. In particular, the use of calligraphy is integrated into painting, and painting bamboo is "penetrated into painting with the close button of books". Painting orchid leaves is "borrowed from cursive script, which is vertical and long-term", further developing the characteristics of literati painting. Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy, like painting, is also full of "crazy and strange" interest. His handwriting was first learned by Huang Tingjian, later changed to "He Ming", and then blended with Lanzhu's brushwork, so he created a kind of "six-and-a-half-book". Its characteristics are: giving priority to truth and propriety. Mix the true, the grass, the official script and the seal script, and write them by painting. The brushwork methods are varied, such as skimming, pressing or bringing the waves of the official script, or flowing like orchid leaves, or like bamboo and Ye Ting, pointillism or block script or official script, or grass or bamboo, which is natural without losing the statutes; The knot is flat, exaggerated, fat and thin, leaning back and slanting, showing a strange and crazy state; The composition is also very unique, dense and alternating, and the arrangement is patchy, with different priorities. People have the metaphor of "paving the streets with stones", and many of his works have shown this unique style of writing.