German psychologist Max Wertheimer, M. Kohler, K. Gestalt psychology, also known as Gestalt psychology, founded by Koffka and others, studies conscious experience and human behavior. It is believed that conscious experience constitutes its own "Gestalt" - Gestalt, which emphasizes the active role of the subject in the perception process. It opposed elemental analysis of psychological phenomena, stimulus-response formulas and reflex theory, and proposed new concepts such as "psychological field", "physical field" and "behavioral field". Gestalt psychology attaches great importance to the study of art, especially visual art. German psychologist Hugo Münsterberg's "Cinema: A Psychological Study" (1916) and Wertheimer's "Experimental Studies of Moving Images" (1917), based on the Gestalt principle of "whole composition" To explain the illusion of motion-like phenomena and depth perception of images, it is believed that motion-like phenomena and depth perception are not only produced by the physiological visual persistence phenomenon, but also rely on the "special inner experience" that organizes images into higher-level action wholes - —The "Gestalt" process is the result of the active participation of the brain in "adding to the still image". Gestalt psychology also uses psychological categories such as attention, memory, imagination, and emotion to explain the film's close-ups, perspective changes, editing forms, and narrative structures, and uses "voluntary deception" to explain the "psychological game" in which the audience identifies with the screen image. German psychologist Rudolf Einham systematically studied the genetic elements of visual expression methods in his book "Film as Art" (1932), and proposed "local Theory of Illusion," advocating the artistic expression of silent films. (See "Partial Illusion Theory") French film theorist Jean Mitry's "Film Aesthetics and Psychology" also borrows the holism principle of aesthetic perception from Gestalt psychology to study images, panoramic shots, subjective shots, depth of field shots, and movement. Film elements such as lens, color, montage and music.