Writers in the Republic of China are: Shi Pingmei, Zhang Ailing, Xu Zhimo, Hu Shi, Liang Shiqiu, Lin Yutang, Yu Dafu, Shao, Dai Wangshu and so on.
Brief introduction of Hu Shi
Hu Shi, whose name comes from the allusions mentioned in Darwin's literature, uses appropriate words. He is one of the leaders of the May 4th New Culture Movement. Hu Shi is also a famous writer in China. He has many literary works in his life. Hu Shi's works include Wen Cun of Hu Shi, Outline of China's Philosophy History, History of Vernacular Literature, Hu Shi's Recent Academic Works, Wang Shu of Huainan, Forty Reading Books, Notes of Zanghui Room, etc.
The History of Vernacular Literature is one of Hu Shi's famous representative works. This book subverts the orthodoxy and standardization of classical Chinese. Hu Shi described vernacular Chinese as a new milestone in the history of China literature. Hu Shi revealed the laws and characteristics of the development of China literature with a comprehensive and brand-new concept and frame structure. Vernacular literature has broken the narrow framework of predecessors' literary history, expanded its vision to a broader literary field and enriched the connotation of China's literary history. It examines China ancient literature with a brand-new aesthetic and values.
Hu Shi's work, another masterpiece, Hu Cun. This book has four books and four volumes. "Hu Cun" was selected as one of the top ten masterpieces of new literature in 1927, ranking first. At that time, the book sold well and was selected as a best seller. Hu's Shi Wencun expresses all the essence of Hu Shi's thought, and generations of young people have been influenced by it, such as Liang Shiqiu and Zhang Ailing. They all think that Hu Cun is one of the books that have the greatest influence on them.
Until Hu Shi died, many of his works were published and sold well after being discovered by later generations. It can be seen that Hu Shi's works are worthy of our appreciation and reading, which will enhance our cultural connotation.
What did Hu Shi's forty self-reports say?
In the modern history of China, Hu Shi was one of the most influential academic masters at that time. He advocated vernacular Chinese, resolutely supported democracy and science, opposed feudal autocracy, and became the leader of the New Culture Movement and the pioneer of liberalism in China. He had a wide range of interests in his life, dabbled in many different fields and made outstanding achievements in literature, philosophy, history and education. For such a knowledgeable master, his experience and deeds can give us a lot of education and inspiration now, and a book called Forty Readings of Hu Shi is the representative work of getting to know this character.
This book is also called Hu Shi's Self-Report or Forty Self-Reports. It is the only autobiographical work written by Mr. Hu Shi before his death, and it is a classic of China's modern biography. This book mainly tells Hu Shi's life experiences and personal feelings from childhood, adolescence to adulthood, and reviews his 40-year mental journey. It is a "spiritual dialogue" between Hu Shi and his adolescence. From this book, we can feel Hu Shi's unique personal atmosphere of wisdom, elegance and humor.
In the preface of this book, Hu Shi mentioned the reason why he wrote this book: because he deeply felt that China lacked biographical literature, he began to encourage his friends to write autobiographies everywhere. But although they promised, they never really wrote it in the end. Although Hu Shi's group theory didn't have much effect, it didn't hinder his enthusiasm for autobiography, so there was the book Hu Shi's Forty Self-Reports that we are seeing now.
Hu Shi's book * * * adopts two genres, namely, the novel in the preface and the historical narrative in the text. Originally, Hu Shi was going to write a novel, but when he really started writing, he still felt that historical narrative was more suitable for writing an autobiography, so we saw such a book.
Forty Readings by Hu Shi is a book worth reading. Those who are interested in Mr. Hu Shi might as well read it and be sure to gain something.
The relationship between Lu Xun and Hu Shi, a famous scholar in the Republic of China
There is no comparability between Lu Xun and Hu Shi, but the status of Hu Shi and Lu Xun in China represents two different China roads, which still affect us today. So what's the difference between them?
Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, a famous writer and thinker in China. He graduated from Sendai Medical College. After seeing the Japanese killing China people, he felt that he needed to treat the national diseases culturally, so he abandoned medicine and went to literature. Participated in the May 4th New Culture Movement and became one of its main commanders. At the age of 56.
Hu Shi is a famous modern poet, scholar, writer and historian. Hu Shi has a wide range of interests, and he also involves many fields of knowledge, such as pedagogy, textual research and so on. Because he actively advocated literary reform, he later became one of the core figures of the New Culture Movement.
Lu Xun and Hu Shi have different ideological differences and cultural pursuits. From an academic point of view, Lu Xun can proceed from reality and constantly improve himself, thus clearly realizing that cultural reform is more important than social reform. However, Hu Shi still believes in himself. He thinks that the changes of things are accumulated bit by bit. As long as the mind changes, the social outlook will naturally change. Lu Xun attached importance to enlightenment, but at the same time he did not despise social reform. He believes that the survival of the fittest, the development of things is constantly improving, and people should also make continuous progress with the changes of things. However, Hu Shi only attached importance to enlightenment and lost social reform. Hu Shi often starts from theory and insists on enlightenment. Although their thoughts are different, it is undeniable that Lu Xun and Hu Shi made immortal contributions to the New Culture Movement during the May 4th Movement.
What is the content of Hu Shi's chronicle?
Hu Shi Chronicle is also a book that records Hu Shi's life. The author is Geng. This book mainly refers to Hu Shi's own works and some published or unpublished diaries, telegrams and manuscripts. Of course, these are not comprehensive enough. It also includes domestic newspapers and periodicals before 1949 and books and periodicals in Taiwan Province province. Even Hu Shi's contemporaries like Hu Shi's works and memories too much.
With these comprehensive materials, the author began to review these original materials and classify them one by one. Materials reflecting Hu Shi's participation in social activities and his attitude or views on major social issues should be kept as much as possible. This kind of information about Hu Shi's own important academic activities and exchanges with other scholars is also used as much as possible.
Author Geng 1938, from Haicheng, Liaoning Province, is a famous modern scholar in China and the president of Hu Shi Research Association. Therefore, many of his works are about Hu Shi, such as On Hu Shi's Research, On Hu Shi's New Theory and Hu Shi's Chronicle, which we are going to publish today. However, when Hu Shi Chronicle was published, there were many mistakes in proofreading and editing, which many scholars could not tolerate.
The Chronicle of Hu Shi is about 300,000 words. From the formation of Hu Shi's thought, the relationship with his family and friends, and other people's comments on Hu Shi, these are all comprehensively reflected and described in Hu Shi's Chronicle. The whole book is to reproduce a plump Hu Shi character with political opinions, ideological beliefs, emotional joys and sorrows, and inner contradictions. Hu Shi Chronicle is also called Hu Shi's ideological biography because it describes Hu Shi's mental journey, so some scholars have commented that it is a very good introductory book to study Hu Shi.
What did Hu Shi write in "Attempt Collection"?
Hu Shi's "Trial Collection" is the first collection of poems in vernacular Chinese in the history of modern literature in China, which initiated the atmosphere of the new literature movement and can be said to be a landmark work of Mr. Hu Shi. Since the book was published, it has aroused the concern and debate of many scholars. It is not only a book to understand Hu Shi's ideological style, but also has important historical research value.
Let's take a look at the creative background of Hu Shi's Attempt Collection. Hu Shi was born in the transitional period from feudal society to modern society in China. When he was young, he received nine years of private education in Jixi, Anhui Province. Then I went to study in the United States from Shanghai 19 10 to 19 17. At first, I entered Cornell University to study agriculture, and later I began to study literature, because I like literature very much. From 19 15, he entered the famous Columbia university research institute and studied philosophy with the famous scholar Dewey. This experience had an extremely important impact on his future life choices, and Dewey's pragmatism became the basis for him to absorb other theories. Hu Shi's famous slogan "Make bold assumptions and be careful to verify" was put forward during this period. The Trial Collection was written in July of 19 16. The first edition was written while studying in the United States, and the second and third editions were written after returning to China.
The third edition of Hu Shi's "Trial Collection" is accompanied by his other book "Going to the Country Collection". From the present point of view, this book is not a high-level classic in literature. However, this does not prevent future generations from studying and discussing this book, because it is the first complete collection of vernacular poems in China's whole history, which has established the important position of this book in the history of modern literature in China.
Who is Hu Shi's teacher?
Hu Shi occupies a very important position in the modern history of China. He has done in-depth research and analysis in the fields of literature, history, philosophy and pedagogy. He is a knowledgeable and knowledgeable academic master. His greatest contribution to modern China should be to vigorously advocate and popularize vernacular Chinese and lead the New Culture Movement. These events have played a very important role in liberating the people from feudal autocracy and promoting the spread of advanced western ideas such as democracy and freedom in China. Among Hu Shi's teachers, Dewey, a famous American philosopher and educator, should have the greatest influence on him.
Let's take a look at Dewey's basic situation first. Born in 1859, he is an important representative of early American functionalism psychology and a master of pragmatism. Pragmatism is a school of modern philosophy that emerged from 65438 to 2009 in the 1970s, and gradually became a trend of thought in the United States in the early 20th century. In the development of pragmatism, if Peirce founded one of the methods of pragmatism and william james established the values of pragmatism, then Dewey systematized and theorized pragmatism on the basis of predecessors, which made pragmatism take a big step forward. He died in 1952, and his major works include the change of philosophy, democracy and education, etc.
Dewey had a great influence on Hu Shi, and pragmatism advocated by Dewey all his life was also the main style of Hu Shi's research and writing. Hu Shi once said a famous saying: make bold assumptions and be careful to verify. The origin of this view is the pragmatic theory put forward by his teacher Dewey. Moreover, Hu Shi does not pursue flowery rhetoric and profound connotation when writing articles, but Tao makes readers understand what he wants to express in his articles, which is also influenced by his teacher Dewey.
Hu Shi has many teachers, and the one mentioned here is the one who has the greatest influence on him. From his profound influence on teachers' thoughts, we can see how much influence a good teacher has on students' union.
Hu Shi's creative characteristics
poetic sentiment
Hu Shi's poems belong to the pioneering work of China's modern poems, and retain the features and features of modern poems when they were first created. With regard to the connotation of poetry, Hu Shi put forward the view that writing articles is not moaning without illness in On Literary Improvement, and pointed the finger at those poems that hurt spring and grieve autumn, thinking that these poems are full of cliches, which shows that Hu Shi is quite dissatisfied with some traditional poems that have been passed down from generation to generation without novelty, affectation and moaning without illness, which Hu Shi also rejected. At the same time, Hu Shi also tried to use this as a breakthrough to abandon those old images and bring new atmosphere to the innovation of poetry. In his creative practice, he got rid of Chen Xiangyin's imagery rhetoric, and the language style of his poems was also in line with his advocacy of "plain and easy to read", creating a plain and simple artistic conception with plain brushwork. In terms of image, Hu Shi began to be rooted in the abstract level of thought, system, spirit and technology, making the created image abstract instead of concrete; At the same time, Hu Shi began to pay attention to the influence of image description on thought, language, structure and temperament. Therefore, Hu Shi's thoughts and feelings about traditional images are different from the past.
drama
The viewpoint of Hu Shi's drama improvement thought comes from his thinking about literary revolution. He believes that the written form is a tool of literature, and it is difficult to express meaning if the tool is not applicable. Later, he pointed out that the history of China literature is only a history of literary form metabolism, but the living history of literature replaced the dead history of literature. When tools become rigid, they must be updated. This is the "literary revolution". In his view, several revolutions in China's literary history are also revolutions of literary tools. What China needs is a revolution in which vernacular Chinese replaces ancient Chinese dramas and living tools replace dead tools. Hu Shi's thought of drama improvement focuses on drama text and thought, not on stage and performance, not on negligence, but on deliberate action.
novel
Although Hu Shi didn't write novels, he translated some western short stories. He said in the preface to the translator in the collection of short stories: "I am a person who wants to advocate short stories very much." Unfortunately, I can't create them. I can only introduce a few famous works to the later new literati for reference. " Hu Shi later pointed out in On the Literary Revolution of Construction that the Improvement of Literature mainly focused on destruction. From the perspective of construction, the literary revolution needs to pay attention to two points. One is the method, which needs to learn from the west, including the translation of western short stories. In Hu Shi's view, novels have two purposes: one is to entertain people and the other is to save the world. For people who entertain again, there are two ways to make novels: one is a sketch in kind, and the other is a narrative on the page. Hu Shi thinks that China's traditional novels are good at sketching objects, while western novels are good at sketching objects and narrative layout. We should supplement China's novels with the advantages of western novels. In addition, Hu Shi also made contributions to literary theory, and wrote China's first literary history monograph with modern academic style, The History of Vernacular Literature.