The rhythm and types of English poetry

A concept. 1. foot: The special combination of stressed syllables and unstressed syllables in English poetry is called foot. The number of syllables in a step can be two or three syllables, but not less than two or more than three syllables, and only one syllable can be stressed. Analyzing the meter of English poetry is to divide its sentences into steps and distinguish what kind of steps and steps. This process is called scanning. For example, if the poem "From the most beautiful creation, we are eager to grow" is divided into several steps, it will look like this: Fro-m fai * re-st crea * ture-s we * de-sire * i-ncrea * se "-"means that it is preceded by a light syllable, and "*" means that it is preceded by an accent. So we can see that the above sentence * * * has five steps, and each step is composed of two syllables. Read it lightly and then stress it. Such syllables are called iambic. Quite a bit of the "plain" taste of Tang poetry, but it is essentially different. We also see that a step is not necessarily equal to a word. According to the number of steps, one step per line is called "single step"; Each line of poetry has two steps, called "Dimit"; Three steps, called "three measures"; In addition, there are four tones, five tones, five tones, six tones, seven tones and eight tones. 2. Beat: Beat refers to the rhythm or law of the length of a step when reading aloud, which should be distinguished according to the number of syllables contained in the step and the position of stressed syllables. Traditional English poetry has six steps. Namely: Iambus, Trochee, Anapaest, Dactyl, Amphibrach, Dactyl, trochee are light syllables, and Yang is stressed syllables. "Yang Yi" means that a foot has two syllables, the first syllable is stressed and the second syllable is lightly read. Similarly, "iambic iambic" means that a foot has three syllables, the first syllable is stressed, the middle is lightly read, and then stressed. 3. The rhyme of English poetry: The rhyme of English poetry is more complicated in form than that of China's ancient metrical poems. 3. 1 As far as rhyming words are concerned, firstly, consonants can also rhyme (contrast: Chinese can only rhyme according to vowels. Secondly, rhyming syllables can be selected at the beginning, middle and end of a word (contrast: each Chinese character has only one syllable). The most common ones are: alliteration: refers to the repetition of the initial letters of words, such as great and grey harmony: refers to the repetition of stressed vowels in words, such as great and fail；; Rhyme: refers to the repetition of letters at the end of words, such as great and bait. 3.2 There may be many rhyming forms in a line of poetry, such as the light in a woman's eyes. There are alliteration of light and lies, homonym of light and lies, lies and eyes, and the end of lies and eyes in this line of poems. 3.3 The rhyming format between lines of English poetry is called rhyming scheme. Common rhymes include two-line rhyme (AABB), alternating rhyme (ABCB), alternating rhyme (ABAB) and alternating rhyme (ABBA). For example, these four lines: from the most beautiful creation, we are eager to grow, and the beautiful rose will never die, but as time goes by, his gentle successor may take his memory with him: abab rhyming format, which is broken down in detail as follows: from the most beautiful creation, we are eager for INCR (easy = a), and the beautiful rose will never be strong (that is, it will never be D = b), but when the ripper is ready, it will be time to dec (easy). 4. The composition of English poetry can also be restricted by form, for example, the sonnet Sonnet "Son: Poems must be observed". That is, there are fourteen lines in the poem, with five steps in each line, and the rhythm of the steps is iambic. This form first appeared in Italy, and was introduced to Britain in the16th century, which was favored by Elizabethan literati. Poets such as Shakespeare, Spencer and Sydney have written many famous sonnets. In the eighteenth century, sonnets were once again ignored. Later, Romantic poets Keats and Wordsworth revived. There are two types of poems in English: Italian style and Shakespeare style (or English style). 4. 1 Italian style: written by Italian poet Petrarch, the whole poem is divided into two parts: the first part is octave, which consists of two quatrains, and the rhyme is abbaabba；; The second part has six lines, and rhyme feet can have different forms. Strict Italian sonnets, the first eight lines end, the poem will come to an end, and the last six lines will be converted into new poems. 4.2 Shakespeare style: The whole poem is also divided into two parts: the first part consists of three four-line poems, which can be rhymed alternately. The second part is two lines of poetry. It's a double-line poem with a rhyme at the end. The rhyme of the whole poem is ababcdcdefefgg. The artistic conception in Shakespeare-style poetry is the same, and it is not the whole poem until the last two-line poem. Please read aloud repeatedly and read the light and heavy syllables of each word clearly. It is easy to find that this poem of 14 line is Shakespeare (also known as English style). It uses three stanzas and a heroic couplet. Each section has four sections. There are ten syllables in each poem, and every two syllables are combined into a step, so each poem has five steps. The first syllable in each step is stressed and the second syllable is light, so it is a pentameter. For example: queen, silver, silver bow! -With your pale light beam, I paused for five steps, and each step was heavy before and light after. I know iambic pentameter and sonnets. See//baike.baidu/view/1961107.