First, the general rules of answering questions: carefully examine the questions, according to the requirements of the questions, what to ask and what to answer.
Basic law:
1. If you ask "What did you write", be sure to answer the content (you can summarize it after translation).
2. If you ask "how to write", you must answer the technique and content (that is, what technique is used and what content is written, and by the way, you can also answer the effect of writing like this and the author's emotion).
3. If you ask "what is the function (effect or benefit)", you must answer the technique, content, function and emotion (note: say what is the function, effect or benefit first, then what is the technique and what is the content. Only in this way can we be complete and not lose points unnecessarily.
4. If you ask "why do you write like this", you should not only answer the content (that is, you can sum up the reasons from the poem, which is often the role of expressing the theme of the poem, but also pay attention to "knowing people and discussing the world"), but also answer from the structure (that is, the role in the structure).
If you want to "analyze" this question, you can answer it in 2 ways.
▲ Modern text reading can also use this idea.
Second, be familiar with and distinguish the categories of classical poetry (from the perspective of content). Once you are familiar with it, you can quickly infer the content of this poem and what techniques are commonly used. For example:
1, lyrical class of scenery writing. Such as pastoral poetry, this kind of poetry, of course, the content is to write about the natural scenery seen and heard, and the techniques are often examined from the perspective of rhetoric and lyric.
2, that is, things are different. Such as farewell, climbing, etc. This kind of poetry is nothing more than feeling at the scene, seeing things and thinking about people, that is, feeling things, such as cherishing flowers, hurting spring and mourning autumn. , in various ways.
3, chanting things and expressing ambitions. For example, chanting poems about things is to express one's will through lyricism (in general), not being talented, unyielding, narcissistic, totally self-sufficient, proactive, lofty and good, not colluding with others and so on. (ideological content), symbol, concretization, personification, contrast, contrast, punishment, comparison with others (expression).
4. nostalgia for history. This kind of poetry is nostalgic and hurts today, nostalgic and satirical (generally speaking), prosperous in the past and declining today, things are different, worrying about the country and the people, unfulfilled ambition (ideological content), allusion, association, contrast, foil, praise suppression and irony (expression technique).
5. Frontier Battle. This kind of poems mainly describe unique scenery, expressing the hardships of the army, the homesickness of soldiers, or the patriotic spirit of soldiers fighting bloody battles to protect their country and defend their country, forming a creative mode of "heroism and childlike innocence", but there are exceptions. Favorable terms: heroic, impassioned, meritorious, defending the country, bravely killing the enemy, not afraid of sacrifice, miserable life, homesickness, no way to serve the country, no hope of returning home, stealing security, fighting for years, belligerence, grief and resentment, etc. (ideological content), comparison, rendering, etc.
3. Understand the perspectives of poetry: language analysis, image analysis, evaluation of writing skills and styles, and evaluation of ideological content.
Fourth, the main ways to understand poetry: starting from the topic, starting from the author and the times (knowing people and talking about the world), starting from the annotations provided by the test questions, and inferring by combining the categories of poetry (see above) and the cultural connotations of common images.
Five, the main points of frequently asked questions.
1, Chinese exam. (mostly analyzing the topic of "poetic eyes")
The way of setting questions and the angle and steps of answering questions:
(1) What is the language feature (style) of this poem? Let's talk about the language art of this poem.
Analysis: this kind of question is about the whole poem, and you can be invincible by remembering common terms. For example, the language is fresh and elegant, unconventional; Plain (simple and natural), completely sketched, unadorned, return to nature; Concise and colorful; Euphemism is implicit, quiet and deep; Fresh and lively, such as flowing water; Magnificent and peculiar, generous and tragic; The use of reduplicated words and sentences is vivid and vivid, with the beauty of music and rhetoric. Note: Please analyze the poems in detail when you answer the questions, so as to reduce the score.
(2) Find out the "poetic eye" of this poem, or find out the most vivid notional words (function words) and analyze its benefits.
Analysis: Answer steps-first find out the word and make sure it is used well, then explain its surface and deep meaning with poetry (that is, what scene or picture or artistic conception the word depicts), and finally answer what effect it has produced and what feelings or feelings it has expressed. In the above analysis, we can find the commonly used evaluation terms of "effect", such as: whether the function or effect of using verbs and adjectives is accurate, vivid and appropriate; Quantifiers and adverbs often play the role of emphasizing or making the style more coherent; Overlapping is often to enhance the sense of language rhythm or emphasize the role; Color words can render the atmosphere, increase the sense of picture and color, and express mood.
(3) Why a word (sentence) in the poem is used well. (Same as above, only the first step is omitted)
(4) Just replace one word in the poem with another. (It's a similar question, same as above, slightly different, so be sure to answer "what's good" or "what's not good")
(5) One word is the key to the whole poem. Why?
Analysis: Ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem. Steps to answer questions: first, consider the role of words in highlighting the theme, and second, consider the role of words in the structure of poetry. For example, the beginning dominates the whole poem, and the end summarizes the whole poem, which runs through the emotional line and the material line.
2. Examination of image (image) or artistic conception. Things, scenery and figures that exist objectively can all become concrete and sensible artistic images. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
The way of setting questions and the angle and steps of answering questions:
(1) What kind of artistic image has this poem created? Please analyze it in detail. (This is a comprehensive test)
Analysis: The artistic images mainly include: unrestrained and free, worrying about the country and the people, tearful shirts, hermits who live in seclusion and love mountains and rivers, caring for talents, being affectionate with their children, recruiting talents for the country, wandering, upright and noble people, etc. When answering, the first step is to choose one from the list (if you can't find it, please summarize it yourself), which is an overview; Then pick out the words describing the image in combination with the poem and explain them in detail. The above are the characters. If it is an image of "things", first find out the relevant poems, then analyze the basic meaning of the image, and then analyze what image is metaphorical or symbolic in combination with the theme.
(2) What images (scenery) are written in this poem, and what artistic conception does it constitute? Analyze specifically how the artistic conception is constituted.
Analysis: the first question is simple, just look for it from the poem, pay attention to finding it completely, and you can't copy the poem. The second question, please accumulate common words in artistic conception-majestic, lofty, vast, majestic, magnificent and desolate; Lonely and desolate, bleak and desolate, cold and desolate, cold and sparse; Quiet, beautiful and quiet, natural and harmonious, delicate and hazy; Warm and sonorous, colorful and fantastic, gorgeous and warm, and so on.
The format of the third question is what scenery the poem describes, what environmental atmosphere it renders and what artistic conception it reflects. These three aspects are indispensable.
3. Examination of writing or expression ability (characteristics).
The way of setting questions and the angle and steps of answering questions:
(1) Q: What is the expression of this poem or sentence? What's the role? Sometimes it is a euphemism, such as how does this poem or sentence express images or feelings? At this point, be sure to answer)
(2) When answering such questions, please keep in mind the commonly used terms: rhetorical methods-metaphor, metonymy, personification, duality, exaggeration, repetition, rhetorical questions, etc. Lyric ways-direct lyricism (direct expression of the mind) and indirect lyricism (that is, scene lyricism, emotion in the scene, scene blending, emotion following the scene); Expression-narration, description, lyricism and discussion; Expression techniques-contrast (positive contrast, negative contrast), contrast with music scenes, use of allusions, trying to promote first, suppress first, imagine association, combination of virtual and real, combination of dynamic and static, combination of far and near (layered), painting, etc.
(3) Steps to answer questions: First, say what techniques were used, then explain them in detail with poems, and then say what feelings were expressed and what effects were produced.
4. Examination of ideological content (emotion or theme).
The way of setting questions and the angle and steps of answering questions:
(1) What does this poem describe? What is the theme revealed?
Analysis: This is a question and answer from the whole. The content can be answered in combination with the poem, and the answer lies in the poem. As long as you remember the common theme or emotion, you will generally have something to say. For example, when you are worried about your country's injury (exposing the fatuity or belligerence of the rulers reflects the pain of leaving troubled times, sympathizing with the people's sufferings, worrying about the future and destiny of the country and the nation, opposing war and pursuing peace), when you make contributions to your country (the desire to make contributions, the frustration of political frustration, the sorrow of not being satisfied, the sorrow of not being able to serve the country, and the pain of the decline of mountains and rivers). Nostalgia (homesickness for relatives and friends, homesickness for border people, homesickness for boudoir, and sadness for palace), miscellaneous feelings of life (love for nature, leisure for the countryside, feeling better about the past, hurting the present or hurting people by homesickness, feeling fleeting youth, and frustration for career), and farewell to Changting (deep affection for parting)
(2) Other ways of asking questions: Some people think this way, some people think that way, and some people think both. What's your opinion? Please briefly explain the reasons.
Analysis: First affirm a statement, and then analyze what the poem specifically wrote, what means it used, what role it played in expressing the theme, what emotions it expressed and what effects it had. This answer is complete and the probability of losing points is small.
(3) Analyze the role of scenery description in expressing the author's emotion.
Analysis: Write what scenery first, then how to write it, then express what emotion, and finally what effect it has.