Teaching design of "uphill" problem-solving in senior high school Chinese 1
Du Fu's poems are good at metrical poems, and Ascending the Height has become one of Du Fu's most famous seven-character metrical poems. This poem was written by the author when he climbed the Double Ninth Festival in September, 767, the second year he lived in Dali. At that time, Du Fu lived in Kuizhou, aged 56. His long wandering life, coupled with depression, made the poet seriously ill. Chongyang has no intention to climb the mountain, so he feels sad and expresses his inner feelings.
2. Students' independent reading comprehension
Read the whole poem by yourself
According to the footnotes, interpret the content and structure of the poem.
(The first four sentences are climbing mountains to see things, focusing on writing scenery, with the composition of sky, wind, sand, bamboo, apes, birds flying, falling trees and rivers; The last four sentences are lyrical according to the scenery, describing the poet's feelings when he was wandering for many years, sick and lonely, and worried about and hurt his country. )
Think about the connection between situations.
Understand the gloomy aesthetic style.
? Teacher-student discussion: What kind of picture did Qiu Jingtu paint in the first four sentences, and how did the poet feel?
This is a bleak picture of Qiu Jingtu. The poet climbs high, and it keeps coming from the canyon? Tall apes whistle? Voice, make sudden sadness; So, looking up at the rustling leaves and overlooking the rolling river, a fleeting youth and an unrewardable ambition emerge, especially? Endless, endless? It reveals its melancholy and sadness, which not only describes the vastness of space, but also emphasizes the sadness everywhere in autumn. )
? Teacher-student discussion: How do the thoughts and feelings of the last four sentences internalize into the sufferings and hardships of the whole nation?
(The third joint starts from time and space. From wandering in a foreign land to suffering from illness all one's life, Wan Li, a century? Echoing couplets? Endless, endless? Make the sad autumn concrete and painful. The fourth part, from white hair to recovering from illness and abstinence, reminds people that the root of being down and out is the hardship of the times. In this way, the poet's feelings when he was worried about the country and hurt the country jumped from the paper. )
Appreciate the formal beauty of duality.
? Take a couplet in a poem as an example to discuss the formal beauty of antithesis.
(Example: The first couplet is not only correct in two sentences, but also correct in one sentence. The last sentence says that the sky is against the wind, and the heights are too cold; The next sentence is sand to Zhu, white to green, and the confrontation is extremely neat. Think carefully,? In an article, every sentence is dharma, and every sentence is dharma. ? Eight sentences in the whole poem are correct, showing a neat formal beauty. )
? Comparing reading comprehension with Wang Wei's "Autumn Night in a Mountain", we can understand the different style characteristics of the two poets.
(Both poems are based on? Autumn scenery? It is the object of description, but there are great differences in scenery characteristics, painting methods and lyric methods. )
Step 3 translate poetry
The wind is fierce and the sky is high, the apes cry sadly, and the birds on the island fly and wander.
Boundless autumn leaves brush down, and the headless Yangtze River rolls in.
Wan Li wanders and lives in a sad place. He is old and sick, climbing the platform alone.
The country is in decline, the country is broken, and white hair is increasing. Inferior and turbid wine also stopped buying.
3. Analyzing the poem Up the Mountain, the first four sentences describe the scenery, and the last four sentences are lyrical, which shows the author's wandering atmosphere, sadness and depression. The whole poem is concise in language and rich in meaning. In the bleak autumn, the poet's writing is vivid. The first couplet is very wide. In the autumn wind of hunting, the poet climbed high, and the howling of apes came from his ears with the wind. What I saw in Japan and China were birds with clear water and white sand flying in the wind. These two sentences contain six images: wind, sky, ape, Zhu, sand and bird. Apes and birds whine and birds wander, painting a sad picture. This link? The wind is urgent? The wonderful refinement of the two words has produced the moaning of apes, the singing of birds, the rustling of fallen trees and the rolling of the Yangtze River. Zhuan Xu poets describe autumn scenery in detail. Falling trees and rustling? The Yangtze River is rolling? The scenery is vivid and the artistic conception is magnificent. This couplet became a famous saying recited by later coal miners. The above four sentences describe the scenery and pave the way for the following sad autumn lyric. In fact, the author has long been integrated into the landscape, and the landscape has its own feelings. And the emotion aroused on the basis of writing scenery is even more touching, not only because of writing the bleak autumn of nature, but also because the poet's description of the autumn of life shows strong emotional color. The two 14-character sentences in the neck couplet contain multiple meanings and describe the tragic situation of life in detail. Sad autumn? The word "two" makes people feel sad ? Regular customers? It shows that the author lives a wandering life. ? Good year? In his later years, facing the bleak autumn scenery, the poet felt sad when he thought that he was in a foreign country and was old and sick. ? Alone on stage? Combining sad scenery with sad mood makes people feel sympathy. At the end of the couplet, the meaning is profound, which summarizes the reality of the whole society at that time and finds the poet's sigh. ? Hard and hard? Led to the poet? What's wrong with you? And then what? Countless frost temples? Situation. Especially because of illness, the poet's sadness is even more difficult to dispel, which shows the times? Difficult? Dissatisfaction, lamenting the autumn of life. Generally, metrical poems are two antithetical sentences in the middle, which are naturally appropriate and reach the peak. Hu Yinglin praised in five volumes of the poem? Every sentence in the article is the law, every sentence is the law, and the truth runs through it in one go. ? Also known as the Seven Laws of the Tang Dynasty, and even the best poem among the Seven Laws of ancient and modern times. Although this poem is a sad song, it doesn't give us a feeling of sadness and depression. The poet's bold and unrestrained brushwork gives us a feeling of tragic, heroic and broad-minded. The first two couplets of this poem describe the scenery, and the last two couplets express emotions. The scenery of the first two couplets is combined with the lyrical Zhang Ben of the last two couplets. autumn scenery's description is implicit and distinctive, especially in the necklaces? Autumn? Words show the subtlety of the poet's conception of words. The lyricism of the last two couplets links the reality of the country with the poet's experience, showing deep and broad feelings and Du Fu's superb artistic skill.